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Öğe 7-Acetoxyhorminone from Salvia multicaulis Vahl. as Promising Inhibitor of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) Reductase(MDPI, 2022) Yiğitkan, Serkan; Ertaş, Abdulselam; Salmas, Ramin Ekhteiari; Fırat, Mehmet; Orhan, İlkay Erdoğan3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase is a key enzyme involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and one of the most important targets for the treatment of hy-percholesterolemia. A limited number of studies on the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory potential of natural products are available. Thus, in the current study, we aimed to test the HMG-CoA re-ductase inhibitory capacity of extracts from the roots and aerial parts of Salvia multicaulis Vahl., through activity-guided isolation. Our findings revealed that the root extract prepared with di-chloromethane–acetone (1:1) showed the highest inhibition (71.97 ± 0.37%) at 100 µg/mL. The extract was then initially fractionated by column chromatography and the obtained fractions were monitored by thin layer chromatography. Fractions which were similar to each other were combined and a total of 15 fractions were obtained. Further conventional chromatographic studies were carried out on the active fractions. Based on these fractions, 10 known compounds, compris-ing 9 terpenes and 1 steroid derivative in total, were isolated and their structures were verified by a combination of IT-TOF-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR techniques. According to the enzyme inhibition data of the identified compounds, 7-acetoxyhorminone exerted the highest inhibition (84.15 ± 0.10%, IC50 = 63.6 ± 1.21 µg/mL). The molecular docking experiments on 7-acetoxyhorminone and horminone indicated that both compounds strongly bind to the active site of the enzyme.Öğe Anadoluda Yetişen Dört Centaurea L. Türünün Antiaging ve Antidiyabet Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi(Hakkari University, 2023) Çavuşoğlu, Mehmet; Akdeniz, Mehmet; Yener, İsmail; Alkan, Hüseyin; Ertaş, AbdulselamCentaurea L., dünya çapında, özellikle Batı Asya ve Akdeniz bölgelerinde dağılım gösteren 600'den fazla türüyle Asteraceae familyasının dördüncü en büyük cinsi olup Türkiye'de 109'u endemik olmak üzere 179 türü bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Anadolu'dan dört Centaurea türünün antiaging ve antidiyabet etkilerini belirlemesi amaçlanmaktadır. Ayrıca Centaurea lycopifolia, C. balsamita, C. depressa, ve C. iberica türlerinin GC-MS ile bazı triterpen içerikleri belirlenmiştir. C. lycopifolia türünün aseton ekstresinde (4271.54 µg/g ekstre), C. balsamita türünün aseton ekstresinde (2872.28) ve metanol ekstresinde (3564.05) ?-amirin tespit edilmiştir. Antiaging açısından elastaz ve kollajenaz yöntemlerinde C. lycopifolia aseton ekstresinin elastaz enzimine karşı iyi derecede (27.83±1.31, oleanolik asit:37.47±0.82) inhibe edici aktivite sergilemiştir. Antidiyabetik açısından değerlendirdiğimizde ise C. depressa türünün aseton ekstresinin 12.5, 50 ve 200 µg/mL farklı konsantrasyonlarda ?-glukozidazı çok yüksek düzeyde (sırasıyla, % inhibisyon: 29.03±0.49, 45.87±1.06, 84.81±1.22, akarboz: 1.23±0.03, 28.51±0.44, 64.37±1.80) inhibisyon aktivitesi gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. C. depressa türünün metanol ekstresi ile C. iberica ve C. lycopifolia türlerinin aseton ekstreleriinin ?-glukozidaz enzimini yüksek düzeyde inhibe ettiği belirlenmiştir. C. balsamita türünün metanol ekstresinin ise 800 µg/mL konsantrasyonda ?-amilaz enzimine karşı yüksek düzeyde (65.43±1.40, akarboz: 67.18±1.73) inhibisyon aktivitesi gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak C. lycopifolia türünün antiaging potansiyeli nedeniyle kozmetik endüstrisinde, C. depressa, C. iberica, C. lycopifolia ve C. balsamita türlerinin antidiyabetik potansiyelleri nedeniyle farmasötik alanda kullanılabilmesi için daha detaylı çalışmalara konu olması gerektiği düşünülmektedir.Öğe Antioxidant, anticholinesterase activities and polyphenolic constituents of cones of algerian fir (Abies numidica) by LC-ESI-MS/MS with chemometric approach(Marmara University, 2021) Mokaddem-Daroui, Habiba; Mostefa, Maya Belhadj; Aydoğmuş-Öztürk, Fatma; Erol, Ebru; Öztürk, Mehmet; Ertaş, Abdulselam; Duru, Mehmet Emin; Kabouche, Ahmed; Kabouche, ZahiaThe fractions (Fr.1-5) of the hydromethanolic extract of Abies numidica cones were studied for their polyphenol constituents, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activities. The beta-carotene-linoleic acid, cupric reducing power (CUPRAC), DPPH scavenging, and ABTS radical scavenging assays were used to determine antioxidant activity. Fr.3 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in ABTS test (IC50: 1.29 mu g/mL), b-carotene-linoleic acid test (IC50: 18.6 mu g/mL) and CUPRAC (A(0.5): 33.8 mu g/mL) assays. Three fractions (Fr.2-4) promising antioxidant activity were analyzed using LC-MS/MS for their phenolic compositions. Taxifolin (155.9-2816.2 mu g analyte/g extract), hyperoside (353.0-2045.5 mu g/g), vanillin (1488.9-1529.9 mu g/g), tannic acid (1281.6-1416.8 mu g/g), rosmarinic acid (1063.1-1149.3 mu g/g), coumarin (683.0-772.6 mu g/g), quercetin (881.0 mu g/g), and catechin (277.7-400.2 mu g/g) were identified in the antioxidant fractions. Moreover, the anticholinesterase activity was also performed using the in vitro spectroscopic Ellman method. The antioxidant fractions exhibited moderate butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. The multi-ware analysis was performed to understand the origin of bioactivities. According to principal component analysis, it is detected that the hyperoside, catechin, taxifolin, and tannic acid were responsible for the antioxidant activity. Therefore, the cones of Abies numidica can be considered as potent antioxidant and anticholinesterase sources in food and pharmaceutical industries, commercially.Öğe Antioxidant, anticholinesterase activities and polyphenolic constituents of cones of algerian fir (Abies numidica) by LCESI- MS/MS with chemometric approach(2021) Duru, Mehmet Emin; Erol, Ebru; Ertaş, Abdulselam; Kabouche, Zahia; Mostefa, Maya Belhadj; Mokaddem-Darouı, Habiba; Kabouche, AhmedThe fractions (Fr.1-5) of the hydromethanolic extract of Abies numidica cones were studied for theirpolyphenol constituents, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activities. The ?-carotene-linoleic acid, cupric reducingpower (CUPRAC), DPPH scavenging, and ABTS radical scavenging assays were used to determine antioxidant activity.Fr.3 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in ABTS test (IC50: 1.29 ?g/mL), b-carotene-linoleic acid test (IC50: 18.6?g/mL) and CUPRAC (A0.5: 33.8 ?g/mL) assays. Three fractions (Fr.2-4) promising antioxidant activity were analyzedusing LC-MS/MS for their phenolic compositions. Taxifolin (155.9-2816.2 ?g analyte/g extract), hyperoside (353.0-2045.5 ?g/g), vanillin (1488.9-1529.9 ?g/g), tannic acid (1281.6-1416.8 ?g/g), rosmarinic acid (1063.1-1149.3 ?g/g),coumarin (683.0-772.6 ?g/g), quercetin (881.0 ?g/g), and catechin (277.7-400.2 ?g/g) were identified in the antioxidantfractions. Moreover, the anticholinesterase activity was also performed using the in vitro spectroscopic Ellman method.The antioxidant fractions exhibited moderate butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. The multi-ware analysis wasperformed to understand the origin of bioactivities. According to principal component analysis, it is detected that thehyperoside, catechin, taxifolin, and tannic acid were responsible for the antioxidant activity. Therefore, the cones ofAbies numidica can be considered as potent antioxidant and anticholinesterase sources in food and pharmaceuticalindustries, commercially.Öğe Bazı Salvia (Ada Çayı) Türlerinin HPLC-IT-TOF-MS ile Taranması, Sekonder Metabolitlerinin Saflaştırılması ve Antikanser Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi(2018) Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Yener, İsmail; Ertaş, Abdulselam; Temel, Hamdi; Topçu, Gülaçtı; Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegün; Kolak, UfukArazi çalışmaları sonucu toplanan 6 Salvia türünün ön biyolojik aktivite deneylerinde kullanılmak üzere kloroform ve etanol ekstreleri hazırlandı. Bu 12 ekstreden aktif çıkan etanol ekstrelerinden saf madde izolasyonuna gidilmiştir. Özellikle izolasyon çalışmaları için klorofil ve türevleri çok ciddi problemlere yol açmaktadır. En azından kök ksımlarının ekstreleri hazırlanarak izolasyon çalışmalarında klorofil ve türevlerinin neden olacağı problemlerin önüne geçilmesi düşünülmüştür. Toplanan türlerin LC-MS/MS ile fenolik içeriklerinin tespiti için çeşitli kısımlarının etanol ekstreleri hazırlanmıştır. Ayrıca bu türlerin yağ asidi bileşimini GC-MS ile belirlemek için petrol eteri ekstreleri hazırlandı. Bunlara ilaveten 3 yıl boyunca toplanan örneklerin uçucu yağı elde edilmiştir. 3 yıl boyunca toplanan örneklerin GC-MS ile uçucu yağ ve aroma içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışılan türlerin uçucu yağ verimlerinin, aroma ve uçucu yağ içeriklerinin yıllara bağlı olarak çok değişmediği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca aroma ve uçucu yağ içeriklerinin daha çok monoterpenler bakımından zengin olduğu saptanmıştır. Yine GC-MS ile belirlenen yağ asidi içeriğinin de yıllara bağlı olarak çok değişmediği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca Salvia türlerine özgü 19 bileşik ile yeni bir metot geliştirilerek valide edilmiştir. Üç yıl toplanan örneklerin bu bileşikler bakımından içerik tayinleri yine LC-MS/MS ile tespit edilmiştir. Çalışılan Salvia türlerinin çeşitli kısımlarının farklı ekstrelerinin toplam fenolik ve toplam flavonoit miktarları belirlenmiştir. Hazırlanan tüm ekstrelerin 4 farklı yöntemle antioksidan aktiviteleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışılan 6 Salvia türünün aktivite sonuçlarına baktığımızda genel olarak petrol eteri ekstrelerinin daha çok sadece ?-Karoten-linoleik asit yönteminde etanol ekstrelerinin ise kullanılan 4 yöntemde de aktif olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalıştığımız 6 Salvia türünün kloroform ve etanol ekstrelerinin sitotoksik aktivitesi MTT metoduna göre 3 hücre serisine karşı belirlenmiştir. Çalışılan 12 ekstrenin sonuçları genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde ancak yüksek konsantrasyonlarda HT29 ve MCF7 hücre serilerine karşı sitotoksik etki gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Ekstrelerin sitotoksik etkilerinin düşük antioksidan etkilerinin yüksek çıkmasından dolayı izolasyon çalışmalarının antiokisdan kontrolü ile yapılmasına karar verilmiştir. Etanol ekstrelerinin kloroform ekstrelerine göre daha yüksek antioksidan aktivite göstermelerinden dolayı saf madde izolasyonuna bu ekstrelerden gidilmiştir. 5 Türden (Toprak üstü ve kök olmak üzere) hazırlanan 10 ekstre kolon kromatografisi ile fraksiyonlara ayrılmıştır. Bu fraksiyonlardan antioksidan aktiviteleri yüksek çıkanlardan izolasyon çalışmaları yapılmıştır. İzolasyon çalışmalarında 4?ü yeni olmak üzere toplam 52 bileşik elde edilmiştir. İzole edilen maddelerin antioksidan ve sitotoksik aktiviteleri tespit edilmiştir. Genel olarak preperatif HPLC ile elde edilen maddelerin çok yüksek bir antiokidan kapasitye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Özellikle yüksek miktarda elde edilen 6,7-dehidroroyleanon bileşiğinin ve türevi olan asetil royleanon bileşiklerinin elde edilen terpenler içinde en yüksek antioksidan aktiviteye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yapısı bilinen maddelerden triterpen yapısında olan ursolik asit ve diterpen yapısında olan 6,7-dehidroroyleanon, asetil royleanon, ferruginol ve kriptanol bileşiklerinin yüksek bir sitotoksik potansiyele sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca ilk defa tarafımızdan saflaştırılıp yapısı tayin edilen 5 bileşik ise orta derece antioksidan aktivite gösterirken çok yüksek sitotoksik etki gösterdikleri belirlenmiştir. Western Blot sonuçlarına göre çalışılan 5 türün de majör bileşiği olan rozmarinik asidin MCF-7 ve HT-29 hücre serisi üzerinde, metot validasyonu için standart olarak alınan kriptotanşinon bileşiğinin ise kanserli MCF-7 hücre serisi üzerinde umut verici sonuçlar verdiği görülmektedir.Öğe Bioguided isolation of secondary metabolites from Salvia cerino-pruinosa Rech. f. var. cerino-pruinosa(ACG Publications, 2021) Ertaş, Abdulselam; Çakırca, Hatice; Yener, İsmail; Akdeniz, Mehmet; Fırat, Mehmet; Topçu, Gülaçtı; Kolak, UfukAbstract: In the current study, the ethanol extracts prepared from the aerial parts and roots of an endemic species, Salvia cerino-pruinosa Rech. f. var. cerino-pruinosa were fractionated on silica gel columns and tested for determination of their antioxidant activity using DPPH free radical and ABTS cation radical scavenging, and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) test assays. Twenty known secondary metabolites were isolated from the active antioxidant fractions; rosmarinic acid (1), chlorogenic acid (2), caffeic acid (3), 4- hydroxybenzoic acid (4), benzoic acid (5), luteolin 7-O-glucoside (6), bis-(2-ethylhexyl)benzene-1,2- dicarboxylate (7), salvianolic acid A (8), salvianolic acid B (9), 7-acetylroyleanone (10), 6,7-dehydroroyleanone (11), ferruginol (12), inuroyleanol (13), 12-hydroxy-6,7-secoabieta-8,11,13-triene-6,7-dial (14), ursolic acid (15), oleanolic acid (16), taraxasterol (17), lupenone (18), β-sitosterol (19), and stigmasterol (20). Rosmarinic acid, which was obtained from the aerial parts, was found to be the best antioxidant compound among the isolated secondary metabolites in DPPH free radical and ABTS cation radical scavenging, and CUPRAC assays (IC50: 1.20±0.04 µg/mL, IC50: 1.74±0.06 µg/mL, A0.5: 1.22±0.02 µg/mL, respectively). Chlorogenic and caffeic acids, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, salvianolic acids A and B, and inuroyleanol exhibited also high antioxidant activity in the mentioned assays.Öğe Biological and chemical comparison of natural and cultivated samples of satureja macrantha C.A.Mey(ACG Publications, 2021) Akdeniz, Mehmet; Yener, İsmail; Ertaş, Abdulselam; Fırat, Mehmet; Reşitoğlu, Barış; Haşimi, Nesrin; Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegün; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Demirköz, Aslı Barla; Kolak, Ufuk; Öksuz, SevilAbstract: In this study, investigation on the essential oils and ethanol extracts of naturally grown and cultivated Satureja macrantha samples were reported. The essential oil, flavour and terpenoid-steroid-flavonoid contents of S. macrantha samples were determined by GC-MS and their phenolic contents by LC-MS/MS. Besides, the biological activities of the samples were investigated for their antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antityrosinase, antiurease, antielastase and anticollagenase properties. The phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of the cultivated sample were higher than those of the naturally grown sample. According to the GC-MS results, terpinene-4-ol (30.9%) and p-cymene (56.7%) were determined as the major components in the essential oils of the naturally grown and cultivated S. macrantha, respectively. The flavour analysis results showed that cis-sabinene hydrate (20.7%) and carvacrol (42.2%) were found to be the major components in the naturally grown and cultivated samples, respectively. While the naturally grown sample was rich in abietane diterpenoids (ferruginol (17.5 mg analyte/g extract) and sugiol (4.2 mg analyte/g extract)), these components were not detected in the cultivated sample. The rosmarinic acid content (0.20 and 24.87 mg analyte/g extract, respectively) of the cultivated sample was found to be significantly higher than that of the natural sample. The biological activities of the samples were determined to be changed in parallel with their chemical contents that are due to factors such as climatic conditions, and soil structure.Öğe Boronic modified quercetin molecules: Synthesis and biological investigations with molecular docking verification(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Temel, Hamdi; Paşa, Salih; Atlan, Metin; Türkmenoğlu, Burçin; Ertaş, AbdulselamQuercetin is an essential compound belonging to the flavanol group, which is a derivative of bioflavonoids found in fruits and vegetables. Quercetin has various pharmacological properties such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antihistamine, and antitumor. Based on these important properties, the quercetin compound was modified with various boronic acids and new types of quercetin-based boronic (QB) compounds were synthesized. In the current study, we have synthesized quercetin-based boronic compounds to obtain more effective molecules by doping the biological activity properties of quercetin naturally in its structure. In this purpose, 6‑methoxy naphthalene boronic acid, 1,4-phenyl diboronic acid, 4‑methoxy phenylboronic acid, 6‑methoxy-3-pyridinylboronic acid, 3-formyl-4-methoxyphenyl boronic acid compounds were used. The synthesized compounds were structurally enlightened by mass, 13C NMR, 1H NMR, and FTIR spectroscopy. Then, the antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antiurease, antityrosinase and toxic-cytotoxic effects of these molecules were tested. QB compounds synthesized and examined in vitro in the study were also analyzed by molecular docking. Molecular docking, one of the structure-based drug design methods, has been applied to support experimental data. It was determined that QB compounds showed more significant efficacy than the reference substance employed in antioxidant and enzyme activity studies. As a result of molecular docking analysis, the binding energy parameter values and active binding site amino acid residues of the compounds were determined. Obtained novel boronic compounds might be associated as drug candidate due to consistent results both in experimental and molecular docking results.Öğe Cannabinoids for SARS-CoV-2 and is there evidence of their therapeutic efficacy?(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council, 2021) Onay, Ahmet; Ertaş, Abdulselam; Süzerer, Veysel; Yener, İsmail; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Ayaz-Tilkat, Emine; Ekinci, Remzi; Bozhan, Nesrin; İrtegun-Kandemir, SevgiAbstract: To combat the coronaviruses and their novel variants, therapeutic drugs and the development of vaccines that are to be effective throughout human life are urgently needed. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) acts as a modulator in the activation of the microcirculation, immune system, and autonomic nervous system, along with controlling pharmacological functions such as emotional responses, homeostasis, motor functions, cognition, and motivation. The ECS contains endogenous cannabinoids, cannabinoid receptor (CBRs), and enzymes that regulate their biosynthesis, transport, and degradation. Moreover, phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids that mimic the action of endocannabinoids also play an essential role in the modulation of the ECS. Cannabinoids, the main constituents of cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.), are therapeutic compounds that have received international attention in the health field due to their therapeutic properties. Recently, they have been tested for the treatment of COVID-19 due to their antiviral properties. Indeed, cannabinoid-type compounds, and in particular cannabidiol (CBD), isolated from glandular trichomes found in the calyx of cannabis flowers with reported antiviral properties is hypothesized to be a therapeutic option in the ministration of SARS-CoV-2 consorted with COVID-19 disease. The relevant articles were determined from the database search published mainly in Web of Science, Google scholar, PubMed, Crossref, and ClinicalTrials.gov database during the pandemic period. The articles were evaluated for the therapeutic potentials, mechanisms of action of cannabinoids, the roles of the ECS in the immune system, impact of cannabinoids in SARS-CoV-2 septic, especially if they address the application of cannabinoids as drugs for the curability and management of SARSCoV-2 and its novel variants. Although the evidence needed to be considered using cannabinoids in the control and treatment of viral diseases is currently in its infancy, they already offer an opportunity for clinicians due to their effects in relieving pain, improving appetite, and improving childhood epilepsy, especially in cancer and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS) patients. In addition to these, the most recent scientific evidence emphasizes their use in the treatment of the coronavirus infected patients. In brief, all preclinic and clinic studies that have been reported show that, through the cannabinoid system, cannabinoids, particularly CBD, have many mechanisms that are effective in the treatment of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. Thus, more extensive studies are necessary in this area to fully identify the effects of cannabinoids on SARS-CoV-2.Öğe Chemical composition, nutritional values, elemental analysis and biological properties of Prunus mahaleb L.: From waste to new potential sources for food, cosmetic and drug industry(Elsevier Ltd., 2023) Güven, Zühal Bayrakçeken; Alshehri, Osama; Yüce, Neslihan; Bakan, Ebubekir; Demirci, Betül; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Ertaş, AbdulselamPrunus mahaleb L. seeds are widely used in the baking industry as spice for flavouring. While achieving the mahaleb powder for commercial use in local companies, the seeds are sometimes mixed unintentionally with their kernels (stony shell) during sieving procedure. As the chemical and biological properties of the kernel of seeds are not well known, the kernel, seeds and the market sample obtained from a local supplier are decided to investigate individually. The antioxidant capacity and the trace element analyses of the seeds and kernels were performed by TEAC and CUPRAC assays and ICP-MS. The market sample was analysed for nutrient and oil composition. Fatty acid composition of the oil was determined with GC-FID and GC-MS methods. The chemical composition of the methanol extract of the seeds and kernels was studied by LC-MS/MS. Trace elements Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Se were determined in the methanol extracts, ethyl acetate and water fractions. Mushroom tyrosinase enzyme inhibitions of 33 different extracts and fractions of various waste parts of the plant (kernel, fruit, twigs, flos, leaves) were investigated. The nutritional values showed that the market sample had high nutritious properties. The fatty acid content of the oil was found to be valuable in remedying dysfunctions of the body. Kernel ethylacetate fraction showed the highest tyrosinase enzyme inhibition. The role of copper element on enzyme activity was determined. The kernels are accepted as a waste material may also be evaluated as a good promising choice for food, cosmetic and drug industry.Öğe Chemical fingerprints and bioactivities of 12 Anatolian Achillea L. species by LC-MS/ MS with chemometric approach: novel phytonutrients, natural food preservatives and chlorogenic acid sources(Turkiye Klinikleri, 2022) Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Ertaş, Abdulselam; Yener, İsmail; Türkmenoğlu, Fatma Pınar; Ölmez, Özge Tokul; Öztürk, Mehmet; Altun, Muhammed; Çakır, Oğuz; Tarhan, Abbas; Boğa, MehmetThe objective of this study was to evaluate the biological activities and chemical fingerprint profiles of the extracts obtained from twelve Achillea L. species (A. lycaonica, A. biebersteinii (syn: A. arabica), A. kotschyi subsp. kotschyi, A. schischkinii, A. millefolium subsp. millefolium, A. sintenisii, A. setacea, A. teretifolia, A. wilhelmsii subsp. wilhelmsii (syn: A. santolinoides subsp. wilhelmsii), A. nobilis, A. goniocephala, A. spinulifolia). The antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and cytotoxic effects were evaluated to investigate their bioactivity profiles. Furthermore, the total flavonoid and phenolic contents were determined and LC-MS/MS analysis was performed to reveal the phytochemical profile of the investigated extracts. A. kotschyi and A. nobilis species were detected to have very high antioxidant potential as well as high total phenolic content (260.00 ± 3.38 and 282.97 ± 3.14 μg of PEs mg extract–1, respectively). According to the LC-MS/ MS results, A. kotschyi and A. nobilis species were found to contain very high concentrations of chlorogenic acid (55812.20 and 46407 μg analyte g extract–1). Besides, the bioactivities and phenolic composition of these species were chemometrically analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) techniques. It has also been determined that Achillea species generally exhibit quite high cytotoxic activity against the HeLa cell line. The studied species showed high urease enzyme activities.Öğe Cream production and biological in vivo/in vitro activity assessment of a novel boron-based compound derived from quercetin and phenyl boronic acid(Elsevier GmbH, 2022) Temel, Hamdi; Atlan, Metin; Ertaş, Abdulselam; Yener, İsmail; Akdeniz, Mehmet; Yazan, Zehra; Yılmaz, Mustafa AbdullahBoronic acids constitute an important class of synthetic intermediates due to their high chemical stability, ease of use, moderate organic Lewis acid properties, reduced reactivity profiles and numerous biological activities such as antibacterial and antioxidant. The present study documents the synthesis and characterization of a novel boronic ester compound (3,5,7-trihydroxy-2- (2-phenyl benzo [d] [1,3,2] dioxaborol-5-yl) −4H-chromen-4-a) which was derived from phenyl boronic acid and quercetin. The new boron-based compound was used in the cream formulation after evaluating its antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-enzyme, anticancer activities and electrochemical oxidation behaviour. Furthermore, the cream has been dermatologically and microbiologically tested. Also, histological evaluation of the agent was estimated on multiple rat organs by hematoxylin-eosin staining method. Antioxidant potential of the new compound was tested by ABTS cation radical (IC50: 0.11 ± 0.01 µg/mL), DPPH free radical scavenging (IC50: 0.14 ± 0.01 µg/mL), and CUPRAC (A0.5: 1.73 ± 0.16 µg/mL) methods, respectively. The compound determined to have a dominant antioxidant activity. In addition, the synthesized compound had no toxic effect on the healthy cell line (PDF), while having a very high (IC50: 18.76 ± 0.62 µg/mL) cytotoxic effect on the cancerous cell line (MCF-7). In general, the compound showed moderate acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity (IC50: 115.63 ± 1.16 µg/mL), high butyrylcholinesterase (IC50: 3.12 ± 0.04 µg/mL), antiurease (IC50: 1.10 ± 0.06 µg/mL), and antithyrosinase (IC50: 11.52 ± 0.46 µg/mL) enzyme activities. In addition, the compound was found to be effective against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) bacteria studied at concentrations of 6.50 mg/mL. Moreover, the test results of the boronic ester compound used in the cream formulation demonstrated that it was microbiologically and dermatologically appropriate. Histologic analysis showed that the control group and experimental group were at similar properties without significant change. The phenyl boronic acid derivative compound synthesized from quercetin may have higher biological activity potential than quercetin. Due to the high biological activity potential of the synthesized compound, it has the potential to be used in food, feed, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.Öğe Determination and comparison of metal analysis in the species belonging to different families by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)(2022) Umaz, Adil; Fırat, Mehmet; Aydın, Fırat; Ertaş, AbdulselamThe consumption of plants and their use for medicinal purposes are increasing day by day. Therefore, knowing the plant contents is important for human health. In this study, metal contents of nineteen species belonging to four different families were determined. Different species belonging to the same genus belonging to these families and metal contents of different parts of the same sample were compared with each other. The metal contents of different species of the same genus have been determined that be different from each other. The metal contents of different parts of the same species were determined that be different from each other. In addition, the Cd and Pb metal content results of the species were compared with the maximum allowable concentration values in raw plant material of the World Health Organization's (WHO). Cd metal content in all species was found to be higher than the value determined by the WHO. Only the Pb metal content of the A3 species was found to be higher than the value determined by WHO.Öğe Determination and comparison of metal contents in simulated body fluid medium conditions of the plant species by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS)(Marmara University, 2022) Umaz, Adil; Aydın, Fırat; Ölmez, Özge Tokul; Fırat, Mehmet; Öztürk, Mehmet; Ertaş, Abdulselam; Aydın, IşılThe importance of plants in folk medicine and scientific studies is increasing day by day. In this context, the plants pose a danger to human health when they are eaten by the public, consumed as herbal tea or used as medicinal plants especially the toxic metals in their composition. For this reason, determining the macro, micro and toxic element content in the plants is important for health. In this study; the metal contents of root and aerial parts of nine different Salvia species were determined and the chemometric evaluation of the obtained results was made. In the principal component analysis (PCA) made with 20 elements of Salvia species, it was determined that the first two principal components explained 62.60% of the variance and the first six principal components explained 92.70%. When PCA and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) results are evaluated; the parts of Salvia species root and aerial parts were determined that were not clearly separated and there was no regional grouping. In addition, Salvia species prepared as herbal tea was left to different simulated body fluid medium conditions, and the changes in metal contents were examined. It was determined that were taken up Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn metals in the simulated saliva fluid (SSF), Ni, Mn metals in the simulated gastric fluid (SGF), and Na, K metals in the simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). It was determined that Fe metal in almost all Salvia species was not taken from three simulated body fluid mediums. Thus, elements determined which were taken up in body fluid mediums.Öğe Determination of fingerprints contents of different extracts and parts of six endemic Salvia taxa by GC-MS: Source species for valuable compounds with drug or drug potential(Wiley, 2022) Akdeniz, Mehmet; Yener, İsmail; Dinçel, Demet; Fırat, Mehmet; Değirmenci, Dilek Karataş; Ertaş, AbdulselamPublic use of Salvia species and their importance in the scientific world is continually increasing. It is known that this use and the importance of Salvia species are mostly due to the terpenoid compounds that they contain. In this context, the terpenoid-steroid-flavonoid contents of extracts of six endemic Salvia (S. kurdica, S. pseudeuphratica, S. rosifolia, S. siirtica, S. cerino-pruinosa var. cerino-pruinosa and S. cerino-pruinosa var. elazigensis) species prepared with different solvents were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Within the framework of the ingredient analysis, content analysis of the ethanol extracts of the root, branch, leaf and flower parts of the species collected in the same period between 2015 and 2017 years was performed. In general, extracts prepared with chloroform and ethanol were found to contain a wide variety of compounds while petroleum ether extracts were found to contain much less varied compounds. In addition, in general, root extracts are richer in terpenoid compounds than aerial part extracts. Some species can be used as source species in terms of ferruginol, cryptanol, 6,7-dehydroroyleanone, lup-(20)29-ene-2 alpha-hydroxy-3 beta-acetate, salvigenin and beta-sitosterol contents (52,114.28, 75,979.08, 101,247.41, 40,071.29, 33,952.13 and 34,010.90 mu g analyte/g extract, respectively).Öğe Development and validation of a novel LC-MS/MS method for the quantitation of 19 fingerprint phytochemicals in salvia species: A chemometric approach(Oxford University Press, 2022) Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Ertaş, Abdulselam; Yener, İsmail; Ölmez, Özge Tokul; Fırat, Mehmet; Temel, HamdiBeing traditionally utilized mainly as appetizers and herbal teas as well as used to ease abdominal pains, colds and gastrointestinal issues, the genus Salvia L. has gained significant consideration owing to its remarkable phytochemicals and industrial importance. The present study aimed to develop and validate an LC-MS/MS method for the qualitative and quantitative investigation of 19 fingerprint phytochemicals in six endemic Salvia species. The validation parameters of the developed LC-MS/MS method were repeatability (intermediate precision), recovery (accuracy), limits of detection and quantification, linearity and uncertainty (U% at 95% confidence level (k = 2)). Reversed-phase HPLC separation and mass spectrometry parameters were optimized for each analyte. Ethanol extracts of the studied Salvia species collected in three consecutive years were screened for their fingerprint phytochemicals by using the developed and validated LC-MS/MS method. Moreover, studied Salvia species were subjected to multivariate analysis such as principal component analysis techniques to demonstrate the variabilities in phytochemical contents by years and parts of the samples. Roots, flowers, leaves, branches and whole plant of the Salvia species collected in 2015, 2016 and 2017 were used for the analyses. It was observed that the roots and branches of Salvia species were similar in terms of their salvianolic acid A, caffeic acid, and 6,7-dehydroroyleanone components. Accordingly, apigenin, rosmarinic acid, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, caffeic acid, salvianolic acid B, and 6,7-dehydroroyleanone were notable phytochemicals that were present in the studied Salvia species.Öğe Di-, and triterpenoids isolation and LC-MS analysis of salvia marashica extracts with bioactivity studies(ACG Publications, 2021) Aydın, Sibel Kıran; Ertaş, Abdulselam; Boğa, Mehmet; Erol, Ebru; Toraman, Gülbahar O. Alim; Saygı, Tuba Kusman; Halfon, Belkıs; Topçu, GülaçtıAbstract: In this study, dichloromethane, acetone, and methanol extracts of the aerial parts of the Salvia marashica plant which is an endemic species to Anatolia, were investigated. The total phenolic amounts of these extracts were determined as pyrocatechol equivalent and total flavonoids as quercetin equivalent. Antioxidant activity was determined by four complementary methods including inhibition of lipid peroxidation (by βcarotene color expression), DPPH free radical scavenging activity, ABTS cation radical scavenging activity and CUPRAC methods. Anticholinesterase activity of the extracts was investigated by the Ellman method against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. Viability and cytotoxic activity tests were carried out on the fibroblast L929 cells and cytotoxic A549 lung cancer cells, respectively. The triterpenoids and diterpenoids constitute the major secondary metabolites of the S. marashica acetone and methanol extracts isolated by chromatographic methods. Their structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods, namely NMR and mass analyses. Ten terpenoids were obtained from either acetone or methanol extracts of the S. marashica. Seven of them were triterpenoids, elucidated as lupeol, lupeol-3-acetate, lup-12, 20(29)-diene, lup-20(29)-ene, α-amyrin-tetracosanoate, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid besides a steroid β-sitosterol. Two abietane diterpenes, abieta-8,11,13-triene (1) and 18-acetoxymethylene-abieta-8,11,13-triene (2), were obtained from the acetone extract which were isolated from a Salvia species for the first time in the present study. The methanol extract was found to be very rich in rosmarinic acid determined by LC-MS/MS analysis.Öğe Docking studies of natural product derived carvacrol type aromatic monoterpenes against COVID-19 and comparison with used synthetic drugs: Potential of carvacryl acetate against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)(Dicle Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2023) Kocakaya, Şafak Özhan; Ertaş, Abdulselam; Yener, İsmail; Arıca, Enes; Dinçel, DemetThe COVID-19 pandemic that broken out in 2020 is becoming more worrying for the world. Although there is no 100 % success against COVID-19, certain synthetic drugs are currently used despite various side effects. Therefore, studies on the discovery of new treatment alternatives come to the fore. Studies so far show that natural products are still important resources for the discovery of new therapeutic agents. Plantderived essential oils are complex volatiles composed of various phytochemicals, mostly containing compounds such as sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, and phenylpropanoids. In this study, especially thymol and carvacrol compounds specific to the Lamiaceae (Labiate) family and aromatic monoterpenes derived from these compounds were modeled against COVID-19. Results were compared with remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, and favipiravir used as synthetic drugs. Dock and molecular dynamics simulations analyzed these molecules’ potential inhibitor efficiency of the SARS-CoV2 Mpro . Lipinski parameters and Docking results were demonstrated that ligands carvacrol (2), carvacryl acetate (11) and cuminaldehyde (12) are potential inhibitors towardsCOVID-19. According to the results, it is seen that medicinal aromatic herbs, which contain these volatile components with the fewer side effects than synthetic drugs, have the potential to be used as supplements in the pharmaceutical industry.Öğe Doğu Anadolu'da Gıda Olarak Tüketilen Bazı Türlerin Multi-element Analizi: Bu Türlerin Element İçeriklerinin Karşılaştırılması(Dicle Üniversitesi, 2022) Umaz, Adil; Aydın, Fırat; Fırat, Mehmet; Ertaş, AbdulselamBu çalışmada, gıda ve tıbbiamaçlar için kullanılan bazı bitki türlerinin (Arum conophalloides,Arum detruncatum, Ornithogalum narbonense Muscari comosumve Lippia citrodora) multi-element içerikleri indüktif eşleşmiş plazmalı kütle spektrometresi (ICP-MS) ile tayin edilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan türler önce mikrodalga çözünürleştirme işleminde derişik nitrik asit ve hidrojen peroksit ilave edilerek yakma işlemi yapılmıştır. Daha sonra elde edilen çözelti son hacim 100 mL olacak şekilde seyreltilmiş ve ICP-MS ile analiz edilmiştir. Aynı cinsin farklı türlerinin element içerikleri birbiriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu cinslere ait türlerin element içerikleri birbirinden farklı olduğu ve bu farlılık ise bitkinin genetik yapısı, coğrafi konum, iklim ve çevre koşullarına bağlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, bu çalışmada metot validasyon çalışması yapılmıştır.Öğe Enhanced production of anticancer triterpenoids in optimized Pistacia lentiscus L. callus cultures via methyl jasmonate and silver nitrate elicitation(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Tilkat, Engin; Süzerer, Veysel; Asan, Hilal Surmuş; Ertaş, Abdulselam; Demir, Elif; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Hoşer, Ayşe; Onay, AhmetPistacia lentiscus L. is a traditional medicinal plant from the Mediterranean region with a long history of use. Elicitor-based strategies have proven effective in enhancing the production of secondary metabolites (SMs) with therapeutic potential in callus cultures. In addition, optimizing callus cultures is crucial for the synthesis and stability of SMs production. In this study, we have successfully established practical and optimized callus cultures from the leaves and roots of the mastic tree. Full-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium gave the highest callus growth, with the combination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetin (each at 1 mg/l) giving the most favourable results for both explant types (80 % and 84 % callus induction, respectively). Optimal culture conditions were determined to be a sucrose concentration of 15 g/l, a pH of 5.8, a temperature of 25 °C and light intensities of 20 μmol m−2 s−1 for roots and 80 μmol m−2 s−1 for leaves. It is interesting to note that methyl jasmonate (MeJA) positively affected callus biomass, whereas silver nitrate (AgNO3) had the opposite effect. Elicitation with AgNO3 and MeJA significantly enhanced the biosynthesis of anticancer triterpenoids, particularly ursonic acid (UA), ursolic acid (ULA), masticadienolic acid (MDLA), and oleanonic acid (ONNA). Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed a remarkable 26.71-fold and 3.4-fold increase in UA content in leaf and root calli treated with AgNO3, respectively. It is noteworthy that ULA, MDLA and ONNA were not present prior to elicitation but were detected after elicitation. The accumulation of anticancer triterpenoids in callus cultures generated from various P. lentiscus L. explants is first demonstrated in our research. In addition, this research demonstrates a structured methodology for the enhancement of the accumulation of anticancer triterpenoids during callus culture.
