Surgical technique and postoperative complications in congenital cataract surgery

Background: We evaluated cases that under-went congenital cataract surgery in terms of the surgical technique post-operative complications, and visual prognosis. Material/Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 132 eyes in 76 patients with congenital cataracts who underwent cataract surgery between January 1995 and December 2000. The patient age at surgery, surgical technique, post-operative complications, and final visual prognosis were evaluated. Results: Thirty eyes underwent aspiration, posterior capsulotomy, and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation; 22 eyes underwent aspiration and posterior capsulotomy; 39 eyes underwent aspiration, posterior capsulotomy, and anterior vitrectomy; and 41 eyes underwent aspiration, posterior capsulotomy, anterior vitrectomy, and IOL implantation. The most frequent complications were secondary cataract (24.2%), posterior synechiae (9.1%), and glaucoma (3%). Groups were compared according to surgical technique and incidence of complications. Complications occurred most frequently with aspiration and posterior capsulotomy and occurred less frequently with aspiration, posterior capsulotomy, and anterior vitrectomy; these differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The difference in the final visual prognosis was statistically significant in the aspiration, posterior capsulotomy, anterior vitrectomy, and IOL implantation groups as compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). The mean follow up times was 15.5 +/- 1.78 months. Conclusions: The most frequent complication of congenital cataract surgery is secondary cataract formation. Today, posterior capsulotomy with anterior vitrectomy is the preferred method for decreasing the incidence of this complication.