The asymmetric effect of renewable and non-renewable energy on carbon emissions in OECD: new evidence from non-linear panel ARDL model
Yükleniyor...
Tarih
2023
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Frontiers Media SA
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
The level of economic income, population density and sources of energy supply is
critical in assessing environmental quality. Recent empirical studies paid limited
attention to the role of renewable (RE) and fossil energy (NRE) supply in carbon
pollution regarding the Environmental Kuznets Hypothesis (EKC). Therefore, this
study investigates the asymmetric relationships between carbon emissions and
energy sources on the one hand and the environmental Kuznets hypothesis on the
other hand for OECD countries, comprising countries with significant renewable
energy supplies. The study includes the annual data from 1990 to 2021 and
performs panel non-linear ARDL regression. The empirical results clearly show
that RE and NRE have asymmetric effects on emissions in the long run but not in
the short run. Both positive and negative shocks in RE reduce CO2 emissions in
OECD economies, while asymmetric shocks in NRE substantially increase them.
Increasing RE supply is clearly effective in reducing emissions. However, unlike
most previous studies, this study shows that RE does not significantly reduce CO2
emissions in OECD countries. The error correction term (ect.) in the NARDL model
is negative and significant. The magnitude of the term indicates that the system will
return to long-term equilibrium about 4.2 years after any shock. Furthermore, we
show that the EKC Hypothesis is supported in OECD countries. The turning point
of the EKC is at $4085.77 per capita. Besides, regression with Driscoll-Kraay
standard errors and Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimator approach were
used for robustness checks. The findings from the robustness check are
consistent with the NARDL findings. Policies based on the promotion of a lowcarbon and sustainable green environment should place greater emphasis on
renewable resources even in OECD countries. Moreover, while many studies in
the literature address asymmetric effects and EKC as energy consumption or
utilisation, the novelty of this study is that it approaches the issue regarding energy
supply with asymmetric effects for RE and NRE.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Carbon emissions, Environmental kuznets curve, Non-linear panel, Non-renewable energy, Renewable energy
Kaynak
Frontiers in Environmental Science
WoS Q Değeri
N/A
Scopus Q Değeri
Q2
Cilt
Sayı
11
Künye
Şanlı, D., Muratoğlu, Y., Songur, M. ve Uğurlu, E. (2023). The asymmetric effect of renewable and non-renewable energy on carbon emissions in OECD: new evidence from non-linear panel ARDL model. Frontiers in Environmental Science, (11), 1-16.
