A geochemical study of bitumen residues on ceramics excavated from Early Bronze age graves (3000-2900 BCE) at Basur Hoyuk in SE Turkey

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dc.contributor.authorConnan, Jacques
dc.contributor.authorKavak, Orhan
dc.contributor.authorSaglamtimur, Haluk
dc.contributor.authorEngel, Michael
dc.contributor.authorZumberge, Alex
dc.contributor.authorZumberge, John
dc.date.accessioned2024-04-24T16:15:46Z
dc.date.available2024-04-24T16:15:46Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.departmentDicle Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractEight black residues, scraped from outer surfaces of painted ceramics, unearthed from graves 1-3 at Basur Hoyuk (SE Turkey), were analysed by geochemical techniques in order to characterize bitumens and to try to identify their source. Ceramics are dated from the Early Bronze period (3100-2900 BCE). The black organic matter was indeed identified as bitumen, but its source has not been discovered despite its comparison with several oil seeps from the area. The bitumen at Basur Hoyuk does not match the bitumens analyzed at Kavusan Hoyuk, Salat Hoyuk, Hakemi Use and Kuriki Hoyuk which are Cretaceous in origin and likely imported from the Eruh tars deposit. The stable carbon isotope values of their asphaltene fraction suggest a Silurian origin, however the occurrence of the 18 alpha(H)-oleanane emphasized a younger source, i.e. Tertiary or Cretaceous. Our interpretation favours the mixture of two oils, a Silurian age and a Tertiary-Cretaceous age. This mixture may occur geologically, due to the uptake of a Tertiary signal by a Silurian oil along its migration route to the surface. It may also be a consequence of human activity carried out by the inhabitants at the mortuary ceremony where the bituminous mixture has been applied to ceramics, prior to their deposit in the graves. The oil seep character of the archaeological bitumen at Basur Hoyuk and the lack of obvious oxidation suggest the following explanation: freshly collected oil seeps were splashed on ceramics as ritual practices and the tarry potteries were then buried and therefore sealed. The fast burial prevented the bitumen from any oxidative alteration. (c) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.orggeochem.2017.09.007
dc.identifier.endpage11en_US
dc.identifier.issn0146-6380
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85033608432
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.startpage1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2017.09.007
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11468/15922
dc.identifier.volume115en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000418885600001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherPergamon-Elsevier Science Ltden_US
dc.relation.ispartofOrganic Geochemistry
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectArchaeological Bitumenen_US
dc.subjectPotteryen_US
dc.subjectGravesen_US
dc.subjectEarly Bronze Ageen_US
dc.subjectSteranesen_US
dc.subjectTerpanesen_US
dc.subjectOil Seepsen_US
dc.subjectSilurianen_US
dc.subjectCretaceousen_US
dc.titleA geochemical study of bitumen residues on ceramics excavated from Early Bronze age graves (3000-2900 BCE) at Basur Hoyuk in SE Turkeyen_US
dc.titleA geochemical study of bitumen residues on ceramics excavated from Early Bronze age graves (3000-2900 BCE) at Basur Hoyuk in SE Turkey
dc.typeArticleen_US

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