2D:4D ratios as an indicator of intrauterine androgen exposure in children who stutter

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dc.contributor.authorYuksel, Tugba
dc.contributor.authorSizer, Esra
dc.contributor.authorDurak, Hasan
dc.date.accessioned2024-04-24T16:11:18Z
dc.date.available2024-04-24T16:11:18Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.departmentDicle Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractAim: We aimed to explore whether there is a relationship between stuttering and digit ratio (2D:4D), which is thought to be a marker of prenatal testosterone exposure. Methods: We evaluated a total of 90 children who stutter (CWS; n = 40 mild-to-moderate and n = 50 severe stutters) and 40 healthy peers (CWNS) as controls. We used the Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) scale to measure the severity of stuttering. We measured the lengths of index finger (2D) and ring finger (4D) of both hands directly and divided to calculate 2D:4D ratio. The difference between the right and the left hand 2D:4D ratio (DR-L) was also calculated. Result: Significant difference was found in right 2D:4D and the mean DR-L between the CWS and CWNS groups. Right 2D:4D was significantly lower in stuttering boys than in control boys, and in stuttering girls than control girls. Also, DR-L was significantly lower in stuttering boys than control boys. In ANOVA, there were significant differences between the mild-to-moderate, severe stuttering and control groups in terms of right 2D:4D and DR-L. Right hand 2D:4D and DR-L, decreased from controls to severe stutterers. Conclusion: Our results suggest that lower right 2D:4D and DR-L, were related to the presence and severity of stuttering in children, i.e. CWS had lower 2D:4D and DR-L than CWNS. Further large-scale prospective studies are needed to clarify the reliability of 2D:4D ratio as an indicator of fetal sex hormone exposure level and its relation with the presence and severity of stuttering in children.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.06.003
dc.identifier.endpage31en_US
dc.identifier.issn0378-3782
dc.identifier.issn1872-6232
dc.identifier.pmid31228858
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85067418447
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage27en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.06.003
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11468/15343
dc.identifier.volume135en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000479017300006
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevier Ireland Ltden_US
dc.relation.ispartofEarly Human Development
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectChildhood Stutteringen_US
dc.subjectDr-Len_US
dc.subjectPrenatal Testosteroneen_US
dc.subjectSex Hormonesen_US
dc.subject2d:4d Ratioen_US
dc.title2D:4D ratios as an indicator of intrauterine androgen exposure in children who stutteren_US
dc.title2D:4D ratios as an indicator of intrauterine androgen exposure in children who stutter
dc.typeArticleen_US

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