Zootekni Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/11468/10496

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Effects of multi-enzymes supplementation to wheat and soybean meal-based feeds on growth performance, digestibility and carcass characteristics of quails
(Urmia University - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2024) Irmak, Mehmet; Denli, Muzaffer; Kayri, Veysi; Coşkun, İsa
Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) is a popular experimental animal model in scientific research. The present study investigated the effects of dietary multiple enzyme supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility and small intestinal histomorphology in quails fed diets based on wheat and soya bean meal. A total number of 192 1-day-old quails were assigned to three treatments with 16 replicates in each and four quails per replicate for 38 days. The control group received a basal diet, and the treatment groups received a basal diet with 0.10 or 0.20% multi-enzyme, respectively. Growth performance parameters, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility and small intestinal histomorphology in quails were evaluated. Dietary supplementation of multi-enzymes to diet significantly increased body weight gain and improved the feed conversion rate. Moreover, quails fed with 0.10 or 0.20% multi-enzymes showed better ash digestibility coefficients and apparent metabolizable energy coefficients than the control quails. Furthermore, quails fed on a diet containing 0.20% multi-enzyme had the highest crude fiber digestibility. The villi length and the villi length/crypt depth ratio of the duodenum were significantly increased and the crypt depth was decreased in quails-fed diets supplemented with both multi-enzyme levels. However, feed consumption, carcass yield, carcass weight, heart weight, gizzard weight, liver weight and total intestine weights were not affected by treatments. In conclusion, our results showed that dietary supplementation of multi-enzymes to a wheat and soybean meal-based diet enhanced the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of quails.
Effects of intensive and conventional farming on oxidative stress and meat quality biomarkers in holstein and simmental cattle
(Nature Research, 2024) Tatar, Ali Murat
This study investigates the intricate factors influencing meat quality, including breed, rearing conditions, and processing, with a primary focus on oxidative stress in Holstein Friesian and Simmental cattle within conventional and intensive production systems. A notable difference in oxidative stress was found between animals subjected to intensive-farming versus conventional practices, with Holstein cattle showing a more pronounced antioxidant gene response than Simmental. The analysis revealed that intensive rearing conditions resulted in increased DNA repair activity and expression of stress-response proteins like heat shock proteins, suggestive of greater cellular damage and an adaptive stress response. Muscle tissue analyses, revealed a clear distinction in gene expression associated with meat quality between the breeds and the type of farming system. A negative correlation emerged between oxidative stress levels and genes related to muscle development, which affects meat quality. Intensive farming conditions altered the expressions of apoptotic proteins, impacting meat quality at the molecular level. These results underscore the profound effect rearing conditions have on meat quality, driven by stress-related molecular responses. This highlights the need for further research into the influence of husbandry practices on animal welfare and meat quality, with the intention of developing strategies to mitigate the negative consequences of intensive-farming.
Newly developed peptide-ELISA successfully detected anti-IgG antibodies against Maedi-Visna virus in sheep
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Koçkaya, Ecem Su; Can, Hüseyin; Yaman, Yalçın; Kandemir, Çağrı; Taşkın, Turgay; Karakavuk, Muhammet; Şireli, Halit Deniz
Maedi Visna Virus (MVV) is a retrovirus that can infect sheep. There is still no effective therapy or vaccine against this virus and timely diagnosis is important to combat the complications of the disease. In this study, we aimed to develop an ELISA using peptides derived from gag protein as antigen. For this purpose, B cell epitopes of gag protein were predicted and a docking analysis with the B cell receptor was performed to select peptides to be used in ELISA. After three soluble epitopes with the highest antigenicity were produced as peptides, the immunogenicity of each peptide was determined by ELISA using sheep serum samples categorized as MVV positive (n=24) and negative (n=13). Subsequently, in house ELISA using above mentioned immunogenic peptides as antigen was used to investigate MVV seroprevalence in sheep (n=88). According to the results, among three peptides, two of them strongly reacted with MVV positive serum samples and the mean absorbance values detected among positive and negative serum samples were statistically significant, indicating that these peptides were immunogenic (P=0.016 and P=0.038). The third peptide also reacted with positive serum samples but the mean absorbance value was not statistically significant and this peptide was considered non-immunogenic (P=0.175). The immunogenic two peptides showed the same high sensitivity and specificity values of 91.60 and 92.80 according to the commercial kit. Moreover, MVV seroprevalence detected by peptide-ELISAs using CKQGSKE and CRPQGKAGHKG peptides as antigen was 3.40 % and 4.5 %, respectively. As a result, it was shown that these peptides can be successfully used for serological diagnosis of MVV.
Dietary encapsulated fennel seed (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) essential oil supplementation improves performance, modifies the intestinal microflora, morphology, and transcriptome profile of broiler chickens
(Oxford Univ Press Inc, 2024) İpçak, Hasan Hüseyin; Alçiçek, Ahmet; Denli, Muzaffer
Global antimicrobial resistance has led to a ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters (AGPs) in poultry farming, encouraging the use of natural phytogenic feed additives that provide similar effects to AGPs without causing resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the addition of encapsulated fennel seed (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) essential oil (FEO) into the diets on the performance, intestinal microflora, morphology, and transcriptomic profiling of broiler chickens. In the study, 400 one-d-old male chicks of the Ross-308 genotype were randomly distributed into five groups, each with 16 replicates of five birds. The experiment included a control group fed on basal diets without the addition of FEO and treatment groups supplemented with 50 (FEO50), 100 (FEO100), 200 (FEO200), or 400 (FEO400) mg of encapsulated FEO/kg. Body weight and the European Production Efficiency Factor values were higher in the FEO100, FEO200, and FEO400 groups (P < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio significantly improved at all FEO levels (P < 0.05). FEO supplementation improved duodenum, jejunum, and ileum morphologies. It enhanced mucosal layer thickness in the duodenum and jejunum, and muscular layer thickness in the jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05). It also increased the number of Lactobacillus spp. in the jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05). According to the transcriptome profile obtained from the microarray analysis of samples taken from small intestine tissues, the mRNA expression levels of 261 genes in the FEO50 group (206 upregulated and 55 downregulated), 302 genes in the FEO100 group (218 upregulated and 84 downregulated), 292 genes in the FEO200 group (231 upregulated and 61 downregulated), and 348 genes in the FEO400 group (268 upregulated and 80 downregulated) changed compared to the control group. Most upregulated genes were associated with catalytic activity, binding, transcription regulators and transcription factors, anatomical structure and cellular development, and protein binding activity modulators. The downregulated genes mostly belonged to the transporter, carrier, and protein-modifying enzyme classes. Besides, the anti-inflammatory IL-10 gene (4.41-fold) increased significantly in the FEO100 group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, FEO improved the performance of broiler chickens by regulating biological processes such as performance and intestinal health, with the 100 mg FEO/kg supplementation being the most prominent.
Effects of whey powder on fermentation quality, nutritive value, and digestibility of alfalfa silage
(Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish, 2022) Özüretmen, Sema; Özelçam, Hülya; İpçak, Hasan Hüseyin
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of whey powder (WP) on the fermentation quality, nutritive value, and digestibility of ensiled alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Alfalfa treated with different doses of WP (0, 2, and 4% fresh matter silage) was ensiled in plastic drums for 60 days. The results of the study revealed that the physicochemical composition and fermentation quality of the alfalfa silage improved and that mold growth was inhibited in the groups treated with 2 and 4% WP in comparison to that in the control. Production of CO2 (day 7) was much lower in silages treated with 2 and 4% WP (3.77 and 1.85 g/kg dry matter (DM), respectively) than in the control group (21.36 g/kg DM). In addition, in vivo dry matter digestibility (DMD) was much higher in the group treated with 4% WP (76.45%) than in the control one (55.82%). In this treatment group, all apparent digestibility of coefficients in vivo from crude nutrient contents and cell wall fractions significantly increased and hence raised the net lactation energy value from 1.18 to 1.31 Mcal/kg DM. However, although the in vitro DMD was higher in the silages treated with WP than in the control one and the dose was significant, there was no strong correlation between in vivo and in vitro values. According to our results, WP could provide an advantage for the conservation of alfalfa silage. In addition, WP could be evaluated as a sustainable silage additive.
Jumbo brown and golden Italian Japanese quail: A comparative examination of egg quality, egg yolk lipid peroxidation and fatty acid profiles
(Hasan ÖNDER, 2023) Gül, Enfal Öncü; İpçak, Hasan Hüseyin
This study was conducted to compare two different Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) breed lines in terms of egg quality, egg yolk lipid peroxidation, and fatty acid profiles. The research was carried out with Jumbo Brown (Jumbo Brown Coturnix japonica) and Golden Italian (Golden Italian Coturnix japonica) Japanese quail breed lines with dark brown and golden yellow plumage colors at an average body weight of 200±10 g and 10 weeks of age. The experimental groups consisted of Jumbo Brown Japanese quail breed and Golden Italian Japanese quail breed, each containing 80 Japanese quails fed a standard quail diet. Each group was divided into 20 subgroups, with 4 quails housed in each subgroup. The study lasted for 10 weeks (11–20 weeks) according to the randomized plot experimental design. The egg quality data were recorded over an overall period, divided into two periods of 5 weeks each: period 1 (11 to 15 weeks) and period 2 (16 to 20 weeks). Egg and eggshell weights of the Golden Italian breeds were higher in the overall period (P<0.05). The eggshell proportion increased only in the 2nd period in the Golden Italian breed (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed between the breed lines in terms of egg-specific gravity, egg shape index, eggshell thickness, albumen index, yolk index, Haugh unit, and egg yolk color (L, a, b) values (P>0.05). However, the egg yolk of the Jumbo Brown breed had a higher crude protein content (P<0.05). No difference was observed in yolk malondialdehyde values between breeds in fresh and stored eggs (P>0.05). Moreover, the egg yolk ΣPUFA/ΣSFA ratio, ΣPUFA, and Σn-6 values were higher in the Jumbo Brown breed than in the Golden Italian breed (P<0.05). In conclusion, Jumbo Brown breed eggs may be an alternative to traditionally consumed chicken eggs because of their high yolk crude protein content and favorable fatty acid profile.
The densities of fiber follicles in the Karakaş, Norduz, and Zom sheep and a comparative analysis
(Universidad Austral de Chile, 2018) Tuncer, Selçuk Seçkin; Uslu, Sema; Taş, Abuzer; Şireli, Halit Deniz
This study aimed to determine the densities of fiber follicles in the skin of the Karakaş, Norduz, and Zom sheep breeds and to carry out a comparative analysis between them. The study included a total of 36 animals aged 1-2 years and 3-4 years. Skin samples were obtained through biopsies taken from the right sides of the animals to determine the densities and ratios of the fleece follicles. Examination of these samples revealed that the primary follicle densities of the three sheep breeds (Karakaş, Norduz and Zom) were 3.11 ± 0.42, 3.14 ± 0.49 and 3.34 ± 0.59, while the secondary follicle densities were 8.42 ± 1.48, 8.51 ± 1.54 and 6.36 ± 1.44. The secondary to primary (S/P) follicle ratios of the sheep were 2.71 ± 0.70, 2.79 ± 0.69 and 1.85 ± 0.36, respectively. The primary follicle densities of the Karakaş, Norduz and Zom sheep were statistically similar for both age groups. The density of secondary follicles and S/P ratio decreased with age in both age groups. The similarity of the S/P ratios to those from other local sheep breeds suggest that Karakaş, Norduz, Zom sheep can be included in the sheep group that has coarse fleece.
The effect of ?-carotene and vitamin E on metabolic profiles in nutritionally flushed sheep
(South African Journal for Animal Sciences, 2022) Irmak, Mehmet; Kayri, Veysi; Tufan, Tuncay; Coşkun, Devran; Özcan, Cahit; Çelik, Özgür Yaşar; Denli, Muzaffer
This study aimed to investigate the effects of β-carotene and vitamin E on serum biochemistry, body condition score, and the number of offspring in sheep during the flushing period. To this purpose, forty Romanov sheep 45 (±1 kg) body weight and 3 years of age were allocated into one of four experimental treatments with 10 replicates for 6 weeks: the control (only flushing), and three treatment groups injected intramuscularly with 1, 2, and 4 ml β-carotene + vitamin E in the third week of flushing, respectively. The 4-ml treatment of β-carotene + vitamin E evidently increased the follicle-stimulating hormone level. The 2-ml treatment of β-carotene + vitamin E increased the triglyceride concentration in the serum. Body condition score, offspring number, and biochemical parameters (cholesterol, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, aspartate aminotransferase, beta hydroxyl butyric acid, total protein, and glucose) were not affected by any levels of β-carotene + vitamin E administration. These findings indicate the positive role of β-carotene + vitamin E administration on pregnancy rate and some blood parameters during flushing.
Fattening performance, carcass traits, and profitability of Aberdeen Angus and Holstein Friesian bulls in Turkey
(South African Journal for Animal Sciences, 2021) Ünlü, H. Bora; İpçak, Hasan Hüseyin
The aim of this study was to compare Aberdeen Angus (AA) and Holstein Friesian (HF) bulls in Turkey based on fattening performance, carcass properties, and production costs. In the trial, 105 AA and 105 HF 10-to 12-month-old bulls with a mean initial bodyweight (IBW) of 302 kg were used. The bulls were distributed into 14 paddocks in groups of 15 based on their IBW at an open-shed facility in İzmir. The bulls were fed different rations for the grower and finisher periods for 90 days each, but otherwise were kept under similar conditions. At the end of the finishing period, the animals were slaughtered and carcass characteristics, organ weights, quality of meat, and meat production costs were evaluated. In terms of fattening performance, the AA bulls were superior to the HF bulls. The ultimate pH of the Longissimus dorsi in the AA bulls was lower than in the HF bulls and the sensory characteristics of the AA bulls were higher. Production costs were higher for the AA bulls, but so too were income over feed costs (IOFC), making the AA bulls more profitable. Thus, it might be concluded that beef breed bulls that mature quickly, such as AA, are more advantageous for meat production in Turkey than HF bulls, which are a by-product of the dairy industry.
Effects of oregano essential oil and capsicum extract supplementation on slaughter characteristics, meat quality, and fatty acid composition of lambs
(South African Journal for Animal Sciences, 2022) Unlu, Hayrullah Bora; İpçak, Hasan Hüseyin; Kandemir, Çağrı
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oregano essential oil (OEO) and capsicum oleoresin extract (CAO) supplementation on lamb slaughter characteristics, meat quality, and fatty acid composition. In the study, 18 male and 18 female lambs were divided into three equal groups for a 56-day feeding period. The first group was fed the control diet, while the other groups were fed a control diet containing either 300 mg OEO/kg or 300 mg CAO/kg of diet. Feeding OEO or CAO had no effect on the slaughter and carcass quality of the fattening lambs. However, when compared to the female lambs, the male lambs were found to have higher slaughter weights, hot and cold carcass weights, and dressing percentage, while having lower back fat thickness. In addition, OEO substantially increased the intramuscular fat. Dry matter, protein, pH24, meat colour (L*, a*, and b*), drip loss, and cooking loss were not affected by dietary treatment or sex. The addition of OEO or CAO to the diets did not change the meat lipid oxidation or sensory quality characteristics at different storage times. However, meat from the female lambs was found to have thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values lower than that of the meat from the male lambs after 2 d and 4 d of storage. However, the female lamb meat was more preferred in terms of flavour and general acceptance. The ΣMUFA, ΣPUFA, ΣUFA, Σn-6, Σn-3, and Σn-6/Σn-3 contents of the lamb meat were not affected by the dietary treatment. As a result, the inclusion of 300 mg of oregano essential oil/kg of DM in lamb diets is considered appropriate because of its significant contributions to the fat composition of lamb meat.
Farklı oranlarda ak üçgül (Trifolium repens ) ve arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) karışımlarının silolanma özelliklerinin belirlenmesi
(Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, 2010) Demirel, Ramazan; Saruhan, Veysel; Baran, M. Sedat; Andiç, Nuray; Demirel, Dilek Şentürk
Bu çalışmada, arpa hasılı (Hordeum vulgare L.) ile ak üçgülün (Trifolium repens) çiçeklenme dönemlerinde farklı seviyeleri karıştırılarak silolanma özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Denemede; %20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 üçgül + %80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30 arpa karışımları kullanılmıştır. Silajlar, ağzı kapaklı hava almayacak şekilde sıkıştırılan plastik kavanozlarda 2’şer lt (3‘er tekerrürlü) olarak hazırlanmıştır. Kavanozlar 60 gün sonra açılarak fiziksel muayeneleri (renk, koku, strüktür) ve pH değerleri tespit edilmiştir. Örnekler hayvan besleme laboratuarındaki analizler için hazır hale getirildikten sonra besin maddesi analizleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan varyans analizi sonucunda; kuru madde (KM), organik madde (OM) ve nitrojensiz öz madde (NÖM) ortalamaları arasındaki farklılıklar istatistiki olarak önemsizken; ham kül (HK), ham protein (HP), ham yağ (HY), ham selüloz (HS) oranları ile, pH ve fleig puanı (FP) değerleri arasındaki farklılıklar önemli bulunmuştur. Elde edilen KM, HK, OM, HP, HY, HS, NÖM, pH ve FP değerleri sırasıyla (%27.53 – 31.38, 9.34 – 10.39, 78.46 – 79.86, 10.17 – 13.63, 1.92 – 2.36, 30.75 – 36.09, 42.02 – 43.05, 5.05 – 5.34 ve 47.00 – 65.75) arasında değişmiştir.
Diyarbakır ili sığır besiciliği işletmelerindeki yem kullanımı ve besleme uygulamaları
(Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, 2016) Denli, Muzaffer; Demirel, Ramazan
Bu araştırma; Diyarbakır ili merkez ilçelerinde faaliyet gösteren sığır besiciliği işletmelerindeki hayvan besleme uygulamaları ve kullanılan yem kaynaklarının çeşitleri ile kalitelerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada; Diyarbakır ili merkez Bağlar, Sur ve Yenişehir ilçelerinde sığır besiciliği yapan 60 adet işletme ziyaret edilerek, işletme sahipleriyle yüz yüze görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiş, işletmelerde kullanılan yem kaynaklarından örnekler alınarak laboratuvarda besin madde analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yöneltilen anket sorularına işletme sahiplerinin vermiş olduğu cevaplar doğrultusunda işletmelerin % 91’inin karma yemi ve % 88’inin de kaba yemi dışarıdan satın almak yoluyla temin ettikleri saptanmıştır. İşletmelerde kaba yem kaynağı olarak % 90 buğday samanı, % 6 mısır silajı ve % 4 kuru ot kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca işletmelerin % 88’inin karma yem olarak satın alınan besi yemi ve arpa kırmasını belirli oranlarda karıştırarak kullandıkları tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonunda Diyarbakır ili merkez ilçelerinde bulunan sığır besiciliği işletmelerinde kullanılan kaba yem kaynaklarının büyük ölçüde kalitesiz olduğu ve uygulanan pratik rasyon uygulamalarının hayvanların besin madde gereksinimlerini karşılamaktan çok uzak olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Karmaya ilave edilen kekik uçucu yağı veya acı biber ekstraktının kuzu etlerinde oksidatif duruma etkisi
(Ege Zootekni Derneği, 2021) Ünlü, H. Bora; İpçak, Hasan Hüseyin; Kandemir, Çağrı; Öğüt, Serdal; Bayraktar, Özer Hakan
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı kekik uçucu yağı (Oregano Onites L.) ve acı biber ekstraktı (Capsicum Oleoresin) ilavesinin, sütten kesilmiş Menemen ırkı kuzuların antioksidan durumu üzerine etkisini incelemektir. Materyal ve Metot: Sekiz haftalık yaşta, sütten kesilmiş toplam 36 adet Menemen ırkı kuzu, her grupta 6 dişi, 6 erkek olacak şekilde kontrol, kekik ve biber olmak üzere rastgele üç farklı gruba ayrılmıştır. Deneme boyunca tüm grupların taze suya ve yeme ad-libitum erişimi sağlanmış ve 56 gün süresince kuzular benzer kuzu büyütme yemi ile beslenmiştir. Kontrol grubundan farklı olarak kekik ve biber gruplarının yemlerine 300 mg/kg düzeyinde kekik uçucu yağı veya acı biber ekstraktı ilave edilmiştir. Deneme sonunda her gruptan 6 dişi ve 6 erkek kuzu ticari bir kesimhanede kesilerek analizlerde kullanılmak üzere karkasların her birinin sol yarısındaki longissimus dorsi kasından 2.5 cm kalınlığında doku örnekleri alınmıştır. Bulgular: Kontrol grubunun malondialdehit (MDA) düzeyinin muamele gruplarına göre daha yüksek, glutatyon peroksidaz (GPx) düzeyinin ise daha düşük olduğu saptanmıştır (P<0.05). Araştırma sonunda kontrol, kekik ve biber gruplarının oksidatif stres endeksleri (OSI) anlamlı düzeyde farklılaşmış (P<0.05), deneme gruplarının OSI değerleri sırasıyla 0.698, 0.566 ve 0.494 AU olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç: Yeme kekik uçucu yağı veya acı biber ekstraktı ilavesi kuzularda toplam oksidan seviyesi (TOS) ve OSI değerlerini azaltmış, toplam antioksidan seviyesini (TAS) ise önemli düzeyde yükseltmiştir (P<0.05). Deneme sonuçları her iki antioksidanında kuzularda oksidatif stresi önleme potansiyelinin olduğunu ancak, acı biber ekstraktının antioksidan kapasitesinin, aynı miktardaki kekik uçucu yağından daha yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir.
Birth and weaning weights of Awassi lambs raised in the GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center
(Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2015) Şireli, Halit Deniz; Vural, Mehmet Emin; Karataş, Ahmet; Akça, Nalan; Koncagül, Seyrani; Tekel, Nihat
In this study, the data were collected from 1271 heads of Awassi lambs raised in the GAP InternationalAgricultural Research and Training Center in Diyarbakır, Turkey. Birth and weaning weight (at 90 days) of lambs were measur edand average daily weight gain from birth to weaning was calculated. The effect of the years and season of lambing, age of dam, sexand birth type on birth weight (BWT), weaning weight (WWT) and average daily weight gain (ADWG) from birth to weaning were investigated. Overall means were 4.81±0.022 kg for BWT, 22.99±0.196 kg for WWT and 201.67±1.173 g for ADWG. The all taritsin the analyses were significantly (P<0.05) affected by all factors in the model. In addition, lambs born heavier grew faster andreached heavier WWT (p<0.01). Based on the single and multiple trait analyses, heritability estimates ranged from 0.21 to 0.25 forBWT, from 0.13 to 0.17 for WWT and from 0.13 to 0.17 for ADWG. Estimates of genetic correlations between BWT with WWTand ADWG were 0.61 and 0.61, respectively.
Diyarbakır ili süt sığırcılığı işletmelerindeki besleme uygulamaları
(Ege Zootekni Derneği, 2014) Denli, Muzaffer; Tutkun, Muhittin; Sessiz, Abdullah
Bu çalışmada, Diyarbakır ili ve ilçelerinde süt sığırı işletmelerindeki hayvan besleme ve yem kaynaklarının kullanımı ile ilgili uygulamaların ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, Diyarbakır merkez ilçeler dâhil olmak üzere toplam 17 ilçede bulunan 25 baş ve üzeri toplam 192 adet sığırcılık işletmesi ziyaret edilerek, işletme sahipleriyle yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Hazırlanan anket sorularına işletme sahiplerinin vermiş olduğu cevaplar doğrultusunda işletmelerin % 27’sinin yem temininde sorun yaşadıkları gözlenmiştir. İşletmelerin % 65’inin kaba ve % 87’inin ise kesif yemini dışarıdan satın alarak temin ettikleri saptanmıştır. Ayrıca işletmelerin sadece % 10'nun yem bitkisi yetiştirdiği belirlenmiştir. İşletmelerde kaba yem kaynağı olarak sırasıyla saman, kalitesiz kuru ot, silaj ve diğer yemlerin sırasıyla % 71, % 16, % 13 ve % 1 düzeyinde kullanıldığı saptanmıştır. Rasyon hazırlama teknikleri, beslenmeye bağlı hastalıklar ve yem kalitesi konularında çiftlik sahiplerinin büyük bir bölümünün (sırasıyla % 85, % 81 ve % 77) yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca üreticilerin % 56’sının hayvanları beslerken gruplandırma (süt verimi, laktasyon dönemi ve yaş) yapmadığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak işletme sahiplerinin yem üretimi ve kullanımı hakkında yetersiz bilgiye sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Hayvan besleme uygulamalarındaki ciddi hatalar ile bilinçsiz besleme uygulamalarının sonucunda işletmelerde ciddi düzeyde verim kayıplarının meydana geldiği saptanmıştır.
Whey powder supplementation changes chemical composition, improves fermentation quality, increases the utilization of nutrients and net energy lactation value of alfalfa haylage in kıvırcık rams
(Turkish Science and Technology Publishing, 2022) İpçak, Hasan Hüseyin; Özüretmen, Sema; Özelçam, Hülya
The aim of this study was to reveal the effect of whey powder (WP) supplementation on chemical composition, silage fermentation, in vivo digestibility and net energy lactation (NEL) value of high dry matter (DM) alfalfa silage (Haylage). Alfalfa treated with different doses WP (0, 2, and 4%) were ensiled in plastic cans for 60 days. Nine Kıvırcık rams were used to estimated digestibilities of haylages in 3×3 Latin Square design with fifteen days experimental period. According to the results, the addition of WP significantly increased the DM of alfalfa haylage compared to the control whereas decreased ether extract, crude protein and crude ash. But, cell wall fraction rates of all groups were similar. Relative feed value and physical characteristics other than color improved in WP supplemented groups, and lactic acid rates increased in these groups. In terms of silo acids, the best values were found in the group with 4% WP. On the other hand, the addition of WP increased the organic matter digestibility of haylages, however the effect on other in vivo digestibility of crude protein, crude fiber, nitrogen free extract and neutral detergent fiber was insignificant. Moreover, total digestible nutrients (TDN) and NEL values of haylages were found to be improved with the addition of WP. As a result, it was concluded that in order to obtain quality haylage in the ensiling of high DM and long chopped alfalfa, WP generally can be used as an alternative source of carbohydrates and a 4% whey powder dose can be recommended in the production of haylage especially in the sense of improving silage fermentation.
Effects of dried tomato, apple and grape pulps on the performance, and egg quality of laying hens
(Turkish Science and Technology Publishing, 2023) Akyol, Güneycan; Denli, Muzaffer
The purpose of this study was to determine the dietary effects of fruit pulps (dried tomato, apple and grape) on the performance and egg quality characteristics of laying hens. In this trial, 196 Lohmann sandy layers 25 weeks of age were distributed into four groups with seven replicates for 9 weeks. Trial groups fed following diets, control group basal diet (no additive), 4 % dried tomato pulp, 4% apple pulp and 2.5% grape pulp. Feed conversion rate was not affected by any addition of fruit pulps throughout the trial. The dietary inclusion of dried tomato pulp increased feed consumption, egg weight and egg production and decreased egg yolk malondialdehyde (MDA) levels on day of 1 compared to the control. Egg yolk MDA level was decreased with the addition of 4% tomato and apple pulp to the diet, but increased with the addition of 2.5% grape pulp to the diet on the day of 28. Moreover, the addition of dried tomato pulp to the basal diet significantly increased egg weight and egg yolk yellow color (a). As a result, this study provides evidence that adding up to 4% tomato pulp to diets may be used without adverse effects on laying hens’ productivity and may improve egg quality characteristics by decreasing MDA levels in the yolk.
Diyarbakır’da ilköğretim öğrencilerinin hayvansal kaynaklı protein tercih ve tüketimlerinin belirlenmesi
(Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi, 2021) Demirel, Ramazan; Tatar, Ali Murat; Demirel, Dilek Şentürk
Araştırma, Diyarbakır merkeze bağlı 4 ilçede (Bağlar, Kayapınar, Sur, Yenişehir) öğrenim gören 478 ilköğretim öğrencisi ile gerçekleştirildi. Her bir ilçede önceden belirlenen okullardan, ilköğretim 4., 6. ve 7. sınıf öğrencileri ile yüz yüze yapılan anketlerden sağlanan veriler kullanılarak bu çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Anket verileri khi kare testiyle değerlendirilmiş ve elde edilen sonuçlar yorumlanmıştır. Yapılan anketlerle, öğrencilerin cinsiyeti, yaşı, yaşadığı ilçe, sınıfı, kardeş sayısı, ailenin eğitim durumu ve ebeveynlerinin maddi durumları ile beslenme tercihleri, tüketilen et ve et ürünleri, süt ve süt ürünleri, yumurta tüketimleri arasındaki istatistiksel ilişki araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre, öğrencilerin cinsiyeti, yaşı, bağlı olduğu ilçe, sınıfı, kardeş sayısı, ailenin eğitim durumu ve ebeveynlerinin maddi durumu ile hayvansal proteinle beslenme tercihleri arasında istatiksel olarak farklılık olduğu saptanmıştır.
Diyarbakır ili hayvansal üretime dayalı gıda sanayisinin durumu
(Iğdır Üniversitesi, 2016) Denli, Muzaffer; Demirel, Ramazan; Sessiz, Abdullah
Bu çalışma Diyarbakır ili hayvansal gıda (et, süt ve yumurta) işleme tesislerinin mevcut durumu, ham madde temini, üretim, kalite, teknik altyapı, kapasite kullanım durumu ve pazarlama koşulları ile kamu otoritesinden beklentileri ortaya koymak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu araştırma kapsamında, Diyarbakır 'da bulunan toplam 16 gıda ürünleri imalat ve işleme tesisi ziyaret edilerek, işletme sahipleri veya sorumlu yöneticileri ile yüz yüze görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Toplam 34 sorudan oluşan anket soruları işletmelerdeki yetkililere yöneltilmiş ve elde edilen veriler kayıt altına alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada; Diyarbakır'da hayvansal gıdalarla ilgili tesislerden 8'inin süt ve süt ürünleri işleme, 7'sinin yumurta paketleme tesisi ve birinin et ve et ürünleri işleme tesisi olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu mevcut tesislerde toplam 115 kişinin istihdam edildiği belirlenmiştir. Tesislerin kapasite kullanım oranları (KKO) yoğurtta %16.6, ayranda %49.1, peynirde %11.7, tereyağında %25 ve yumurta paketlemede %46.1 seviyesinde oldukça düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Haksız rekabet sorununun işletmelerin %85.7'si için en önemli sorun olduğu, %14.3'ü için ise bunun ikinci sırada önem arz ettiği saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Diyarbakır'da hayvansal ürün işleyen tesislerin düşük kapasiteyle çalıştıkları ve firmalar arası haksız rekabetin, bu sonucun ortaya çıkmasında etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Organik tavukçulukta metiyonin esansiyel amino asidi ihtiyacının karşılanması
(Iğdır Üniversitesi, 2017) Demirel, Ramazan; Demirel, Dilek Şentürk
Artan nüfusla gıda ihtiyacı da artmakla birlikte, gelir durumu iyi olan kesimin genetik yapısı değiştirilmemiş olan yerli bitki ile hayvan tür ve hatlarının kullanıldığı, gübre, ilaç kullanılmadan üretilen gıda kaynaklarına talebi de giderek artmaktadır. Organik üretim için toprak, bitki, hayvan, üretim ve daha sonraki işlemlerde belirlenen standartların uygulanması gerekmektedir. Üretimin her aşamasında kontrol ve setifikalandırma işlemleri yapılmaktadır. Organik üretim, geleneksel olana kıyasla uzun zaman alan, hassas, karlılığı düşük fakat çevre dostu, hayvan refahının gözetildiği bir üretim şeklidir. Organik tavuk üretiminde en önemli problem, organik olarak üretilen yem bileşenlerinin yeterli miktarlarda tedarik edilememesi veya metiyonin esansiyel amino asidinde olduğu gibi miktar ve etkinlik bakımından organik veya doğal kaynakların sentetikleriyle rekabet edememesidir. Bu makale ile organik tavuk üretiminde karşılaşılabilecek çeşitli problemler, alternatif metiyonin kaynakları ve etkinlikleri hakkında bilgi verilecektir.

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