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    3-hydroxy fatty acids from the flowers of Hypericum lysimachioides var. lysimachioides
    (2004) Başhan, Mehmet; Toker, Zuhal; Keskin, Cumali; Özen, Hasan Çetin
    Fatty acid methyl esters in the leaves and flowers of Hypericum lysimachioides var. lysimachioides (Guttiferae) were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The flowers of H. lysimachioides var. lysimachioides produced unusual 3-hydroxy fatty acids [3-hydroxy- tetradecanoic acid (3-OH-C14:0) and 3-hydroxy-octadecanoic acid (3-OH-C18:0)], along with other normal fatty acids. Major components were linolenic and palmitic acids for both leaves and flowers.
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    Adsorption performance of Bacillus licheniformis sp. bacteria isolated from the soil of the Tigris River on mercury in aqueous solutions
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022) Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Yıldırım, Ayfer; Acay, Hilal; Keskin, Cumali; Aygün, Hüsamettin
    Mercury is known to be one of the most toxic heavy metals in the environment and is released into the water systems in significant quantities through natural events and industrial process activities. Many chemical materials are used as adsorbents in the removal of toxic metals from the environment and wastewaters. However, using microorganisms as bio-sorbents instead of chemical materials has become common recently due to their low cost, easy availability and presence in nature. In this study, Bacillus licheniformis in the soil isolated from the Tigris River was used as bio-sorbent. The mercury (Hg(II)) absorption behaviour of Bacillus licheniformis bacteria (BLB) was investigated using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The effects of equilibrium of adsorption time, temperature, adsorbent dosage and pH on the adsorption of Hg (II) onto BLB were determined. The maximum adsorption capacity of Hg (II) onto BLB was determined as 82.12 mg/g (T = 25°C, pH 5, Co = 50 mg/L, m = 25 mg). The BLB was characterised using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. In addition, pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were applied. The equilibrium data for the adsorption of Hg(II) onto BLB were examined by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The activation energy was calculated using the pseudo-second-order rate constant. These results suggested the BLB can be used as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Hg(II) metal ions from wastewater. When the results of bio-sorption studies were examined, it was found that the bio-sorbent could be reused easily. The present study suggests that microorganism bio-sorbents are useful for the efficient removal of mercury from aqueous solutions.
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    Analysis of bioactive compounds using LC-ESI-MS/MS, cytotoxic, antimicrobial effects, and enzyme activities from Cyclotrichium origanifolium
    (Wiley, 2023) Aktepe, Necmettin; Baran, Ayse; Atalar, Mehmet Nuri; Baran, Mehmet Firat; Keskin, Cumali; Taskin, Abdullah; Yavuz, Oemer
    Cyclotrichium origanifolium is a medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. In this study, phenolic content analysis, antimicrobial effects, and cytotoxic effects of extracts of C. origanifolium were investigated. In the extracts, phenolic compound analysis by the liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method, antimicrobial effect by the minimum inhibition concentration method, and cytotoxic effect on human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), glioblastoma cell (U87), ovarian adenocarcinoma cell (Skov-3), and human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell (CaCo-2) cancer cell lines were investigated. Cytotoxicity analyses were performed by the MTT method. In addition, the GST and AChE enzyme activities of the extracts were also measured. Around 18 compounds were detected in both the methanol and ethanol extract. It was found that the best antimicrobial effect on Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa was on methanol extract, while the ethanol extract was on Candida albicans fungus (respectively, 2.50 mg/ml, 5.0 mu g/ml). A 500 mu g/ml of methanol extract has been shown to have cytotoxic activity high effect on HDF cells. GST and AChE activity were found to decrease in a concentration-dependent manner.
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    Astragalus diphtherites Fenzl var. diphtherites ve Astragalus gymnalocepias Rech ((Fabaceae) taksonlarının farklı polariteye sahip çözücüler ile hazırlanan özütlerinin antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal özelliklerinin araştırılması
    (2017) Keskin, Cumali; Özen, H. Çetin
    Bu çalışmada Astragalus diphtherites Fenzl var. diphtherites ve Astragalus gymnalocepias Rech (Fabaceae) taksonlarının gövde ve kök kısımlarından elde edilen hekzan, etil asetat, aseton ve metanol özütlerinin total fenolik, total flavanoid, 2,2-difenil-1-pikril-hidrazil (DPPH) radikalini söndürme aktivitesi, metal şelatlama aktivitesi, indirgeme gücü, hidroksi radikalini söndürme aktivitesi gibi in vitro antioksidan özellikleri ile antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri araştırıldı. A. diphtherites var. diphtherites bitkisinde en yüksek total fenolik bileşen miktarı; gövdede metanol (76.1±0.9 µg GAE/mg), kökte ise aseton özütünden (48.02±1.5 µg GAE/mg) elde edildi. Bu oranlar A. gymnalocepias için gövde metanol özütünde 54.66±2,25 µg GAE/mg ve kök etil asetat özütünde ise 35.83±1.75 µg GAE/mg olarak saptandı. Toplam flavanoid bileşen miktarı ölçülürken kuersetin standart flavanoid olarak kullanıldı. A. diphtherites var. diphtherites bitkisinde en yüksek total flavonoid miktarı; gövdede aseton (42.20±0.46 µg QUE /mg), kökte ise etil asetat özütünden (4.23±0.26 µg QUE /mg) elde edildi. A. gymnalocepias bitkisinde de aynı şekilde gövde aseton (80.15±0.33 µg QUE /mg) ve kök etil asetat özütlerinde (14.01±0.10 µg QUE /mg) toplam flavanoid miktarının yüksek olduğu belirlendi. A. diphtherites var. diphtherites için en yüksek DPPH radikalini söndürme aktivitesi, gövdede metanol (%79.01±0.74) kökte ise aseton özütünde (%91.55±0.24) ölçüldü. A. gymnalocepias bitkisinde ise bu aktivite gövde metanol %86.83±2.24 ve kök etil asetat özütünde %84.10±1.99 değerine sahip olduğu gözlendi. En yüksek indirgeme gücü aktivitesi; A. diphtherites var. diphtherites ve A. gymnalocepias bitkilerinin gövde ve kök kısımları için sırasıyla aseton ve etil asetat özütlerinden elde edildi. Metal şelatlama aktivitesinde standart olarak etilendiamintetraasetik asit (EDTA) kullanıldı. A. diphtherites var. diphtherites bitkisinin gövde kısmından elde edilen metanol (%74.35±1.51) ve kök kısmından elde edilen hekzan özütü (%62.42±0.73), A. gymnalocepias bitkisinde ise gövde (%89.63±0.58) ve kök (%76.41±0.90) kısımlarının metanol özütlerinin en yüksek metal şelatlama aktivitesine sahip olduğu gözlemlendi. Hidroksi radikalini söndürme aktivitesi ölçümünde standart olarak dimetil sülfoksid (DMSO) kullanıldı. A. diphtherites var. diphtherites ve A. gymnalocepias bitkilerinin gövde ve kök etil asetat özütleri en yüksek hidroksi radikali söndürme aktivitesi gösterdi. A. diphtherites var. diphtherites ve A. gymnalocepias bitkilerinin gövde ve kök kısımlarının hekzan, etil asetat, aseton ve metanol özütlerinin antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri disk difüzyon yöntemi ile test edildi. Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 11774 standart bakteri suşları ile Candida albicans ATCC 10231 mayası üzerine Eritromisin, Amoksisilin, Ofloksasin, Netilmisin ile Amfoterisin B standart antibiyotikleri ve 80 ve 160 µg/kağıt disk'lik bitki özütleri denendi. Denemeler sonucunda sadece A. gymnalocepias bitkisinin gövde kısmının aseton ve metanol özütlerinin test edilen standart mikroorganizmalardan Streptococcus pyogenes'in büyümesi üzerinde inhibisyon etkisine sahip olduğu tesbit edildi. Anahtar sözcükler: Astragalus diphtherites Fenzl var. diphtherites, Astragalus gymnalocepias Rech, Antioksidan, DPPH, Hidroksi Radikali, Metal ġelatlama, Ġndirgeme Gücü ve Antimikrobiyal aktivite.
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    Astragalus diphtherites FENZL var. diphtherites ve astragalus gymnalopecias RECH. FIL’in gövde ve kök kısımlarından farklı çözücüler ile elde edilen özütlerin invitro antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal özelliklerinin belirlenmesi
    (Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, 2018) Keskin, Cumali; Özen, Hasan Çetin; Toker, Zuhal; Kızıl, Göksel; Kızıl, Murat
    Bu çalışmanın amacı farkı polariteye sahip çözücü serilerinden geçiren Astragalus diphtherites var. diphtherites (A. diphtherites) ve Astragalus gymnalopecias (A. gymnalopecias) türlerinin gövde ve kök kısımlarının antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal özelliklerinin araştırılmasıdır. Antioksidan özellikleri belirlemek için özütlerin total fenolik, total flavonoid, DPPH, metal şelatlama, indirgeme gücü ve hidroksi radikalini söndürme aktiviteleri test edildi. En yüksek total fenolik bileşen miktarı A. diphtherites’ de gövdede metanol, kökte ise aseton özütünden elde edilirken A. gymnalopecias’ ta gövdede metanol kökte ise etil asetat özütünde tespit edildi. A. diphtherites ve A. gymnalopecias’ ta en yüksek total flavonoid miktarları ve indirgeme gücü aktiviteleri gövdede aseton kökte ise etil asetat özütlerinden elde edildi. A. diphtherites için en yüksek DPPH radikalini söndürme aktivitesi, gövdede metanol kökte ise aseton özütünde, A. gymnalopecias’ ta gövdede metanol kökte ise etil asetat özütünde tespit edildi. A. diphtherites’ te gövde kısmından elde edilen metanol ve kök kısmından elde edilen hekzan özütleri, A. gymnalopecias’ ta ise gövde ve kök kısımlarının metanol özütleri en yüksek metal şelatlama aktivitesi gösterdi. Her iki türde de gövde ve kök etil asetat özütleri en yüksek hidroksil radikali söndürme aktivitesi gösterdi. A. gymnalopecias’ın gövde aseton ve metanol özütlerinin Streptococcus pyogenes’in büyümesi üzerinde inhibisyon etkisine sahip olduğu tespit edildi.
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    Bazı hypericum türlerinin total yağ asidi miktarı ve yağ asidi bileşenleri
    (2016) Keskin, Cumali; Özen, H. Çetin
    Bazı Hypericum Türlerinin Total Yağ Miktarları ve Yağ asidi Bileşenleri Bu çalışmada Hypericum hyssopifolium (Chaix) var microcalycinum (Boiss & Heldr), Hypericum ret us um Aucher, Hypericum scabroides (Robson & Poulter), Hypericum scabrum L., Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra türlerinin total yağ miktarı ile yağ asidi bileşenleri araştırılmıştır. Bu türlerin total yağ miktarları % 0.11 ve % 0.35 arasında bulunmuştur. İncelenen türlerin yağ asidi bileşenleri; metilasyondan sonra, GC ve GC/MS aracılığı ile tespit edilmiştir. Hypericum türlerinin yağ asidi bileşenleri içinde palmitik, linoleik ve linolenik asitler major bileşenler olarak saptanmıştır. Çalışmada yaygın olarak bulunan yağ asitlerinin yanında; Hypericum hyssopifolium (Chaix) var microcalycinum (Boiss & Heldr) ve Hypericum retusum Aucher türlerinde bitkilerde yaygın olarak bulunmayan 3-OH yağ asitleri de ( C 14:0, 3- OH; C 1 6:0, 3-OH ve C 1 8:0, 3-OH ) elde edilmiştir.
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    Biosynthesis, characterization, and investigation of antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of silver nanoparticles using Solanum tuberosum peel aqueous extract
    (Elsevier Ltd., 2023) Xu, Jiajun; Yıldıztekin, Mahmut; Han, Dayong; Keskin, Cumali; Baran, Ayşe; Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Ava, Canan Aytuğ; Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegün
    Metallic nanoparticle biosynthesis is thought to offer opportunities for a wide range of biological uses. The green process of turning biological waste into utilizable products gaining attention due to its economical and eco-friendly approach in recent years. This study reported the ability of Solanum tuberosum (ST) peel extract to the green synthesis of non-toxic, stable, small-sized silver nanoparticles without any toxic reducing agent utilizing the phytochemical components present in its structure. UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, flourier scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive analysis X-ray confirmed the biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles. Also, dynamic light scattering and thermogravimetric analyses showed stable synthesized nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was evaluated against four different bacterial strains, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), and a yeast, Candida albicans (C. albicans) using the minimum inhibitory concentration technique. The cytotoxic activities were determined against Human dermal fibroblast (HDF), glioblastoma (U118), colorectal adenocarcinoma (CaCo-2), and human ovarian (Skov-3) cell lines cancer cells using MTT test. The nanoparticle capping agents that could be involved in the reduction of silver ions to Ag NPs and their stabilization was identified using FTIR. Nanoparticles were spherical in shape and had a size ranging from 3.91 to 27.07 nm, showed crystalline nature, good stability (−31.3 mV), and the presence of capping agents. ST-Ag NPs significantly decreased the growth of bacterial strains after treatment. The in vitro analysis showed that the ST-Ag NPs demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity against cell lines. Based on the data, it is feasible to infer that biogenic Ag NPs were capped with functional groups and demonstrated considerable potential as antibacterial and anticancer agents for biomedical and industrial applications.
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    Composition of essential oil of Carthamus glaucus Bieb. subsp glaucus
    (Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2008) Toker, Zuhal; Keskin, Cumali
    The essential oil of water distilled aerial parts of Carthamus glaucus Bieb. subsp. glaucus (Compositae) was analyzed by GC/MS. 23 Components were characterized representing 87.3% of total component in oil sample. The major components were linalool (38.5%), longifolene (6.8%) and caryophyllene oxide (6.2%).
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    Determination of chemical composition and antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and enzyme inhibition activities of Rumex acetosella L. plant extract
    (Springer Int Publ Ag, 2024) Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegun; Aktepe, Necmettin; Baran, Ayse; Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Atalar, Mehmet Nuri; Keskin, Cumali; Karadağ, Musa
    Purpose The phenolic composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial activity, enzyme inhibition activity, and cytotoxic activity potentials of the plant Rumex acetosella L. (R. acetosella) were examined in this study. Materials and Methods: The chemical composition of R. acetosella methanol extract was identified by the LC-MS/MS method. The antioxidant activity was tested using beta-carotene/linoleic acid, DPPH free radical scavenging, ABTS cation radical scavenging, CUPRAC reducing power, and metal chelating activity methods. The cytotoxic activity was determined by the MTT assay using human ovarian adenocarcinoma (Skov-3), glioblastoma (U87), human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), and human colorectal adenocarcinoma (CaCo-2) cell lines. The antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts was tested on gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeuriginosa) and gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) using the in vitro minimum inhibition concentration method (MIC). Enzyme inhibition activity of R. acetosella methanol extract was measured spectrophotometrically against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes. Results: The findings showed that the major components of the methanol extract content were luteolin-7-O-glucoside (1.599 m/L), polydatin (91,024 m/L), and shikimic acid (0.773 m/L). It was determined that the extract and standard antioxidant (a-tocopherol) results in DPPH center dot, and ABTS center dot + tests performed to determine the antioxidant activity were close to each other, and this value was more effective than the standard antioxidant (alpha-tocopherol) in the CUPRAC test. These results suggested that the plant's antioxidant potential was higher when compared with reference antioxidant compounds. It was determined that the methanol extract of R. acetosella had a weaker effect on the growth of the tested microorganisms than the antibiotics used as standard. The activity of the GST and AChE enzymes was found to be severely inhibited by the methanol extract of R. acetosella. Conclusion: Based on these findings, R. acetosella L. is a medicinal and commercially beneficial plant that warrants further investigation.
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    Ecofriendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using ananas comosus fruit peels: Anticancer and antimicrobial activities
    (Hindawi LTD, 2022) Baran, Ayşe; Keskin, Cumali; Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Huseynova, Irada; Khalilov, Rovshan; Eftekhari, Aziz; Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegün; Kavak, Deniz Evrim
    Metallic nanoparticles are valuable materials and have a range of uses. Nanoparticles synthesized from plant wastes by environment-friendly methods have attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. Also, the advantages of biological resources and synthesis methods are attracting attention. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized from Ananas comosus fruit peels using ecofriendly method steps. The characterization of the particles obtained was determined by using a UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis.), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction diffractometer (XRD), Fourier scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nanoparticles showed maximum absorbance at 463 nm, measuring 11.61 in crystal nanosize, and presented spherical in appearance. An antimicrobial activity test was determined with the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) method. The nanoparticles showed promising inhibitory activity on the Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogen microorganisms (Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, Bacillus subtilis ATCC11774, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27833 bacteria, and Candida albicans yeast) at low concentrations. The cytotoxic and growth inhibitory effects of silver nanoparticles on different cancer cell lines were examined via the MTT assay.
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    Ecofriendly/Rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles using extract of waste parts of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) and evaluation of their cytotoxic and antibacterial activities
    (Hindawi Limited, 2021) Baran, Ayşe; Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Keskin, Cumali; Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegün; Valiyeva, Mahbuba; Mehraliyeva, Sevil; Khalilov, Rovshan; Eftekhari, Aziz
    Recycling wastes and providing their use in useful fields attract attention every day. In our study, with the extract prepared from the parts of the Cynara scolymus L. (artichoke) plant that is not suitable for human consumption, silver nanoparticles were easily synthesized in an ec-friendly, energy-free way. Characterization of the obtained nanoparticles was done with a UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis.), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and zeta potential analysis data. In these data, it was determined that AgNPs have a maximum absorbance at 458.8 nm wavelength, a crystal nanosize of 28.78 nm, and a spherical appearance. The zeta potential of (-) 16.9 mV indicates that silver nanoparticles exhibit a stable structure. Particles show antimicrobial effects on pathogenic species at concentrations of 0.03-0.25 μg/ml, and it was determined by using the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) microdilution method. By examining their cytotoxic effects on U118, CaCo-2, and Skov-3 cancer cell lines and healthy HDF cell lines by the MTT method, concentrations of inhibitive effects on survival were determined.
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    Economic fast synthesis of olive leaf extract and silver nanoparticles and biomedical applications
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2022) Atalar, Mehmet Nuri; Baran, Ayse; Baran, Mehmet Firat; Keskin, Cumali; Aktepe, Necmettin; Yavuz, Omer; Kandemir, Sevgi Irtegun
    In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized economically and simply using an environmentally friendly method with the extract obtained from agricultural waste olive leaves. AgNPs synthesized according to the analysis data were determined to have maximum absorbance at 433.5 nm wavelength, spherical appearance, 7.2 nm crystal nano size and -19.9 mV zeta potential. It was determined by the microdilution method with Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) that AgNPs exert a suppressive effect on the growth of pathogen gram-negative, positive bacteria and yeast at very low concentrations. The cytotoxic effects of the particles were investigated on healthy cell lines (HDF) and cancerous cell lines (U118, CaCo-2, Skov-3). AgNPs showed up to 70% suppression in cancer cell lines.
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    Fast and economical biosorption of lead (II) heavy metal in aqueous solutions by bacillus licheniformis sp.
    (Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, 2022) Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Düz, M. Zahir; Baran, Ayşe; Keskin, Cumali
    Lead is used in many areas of industry. Considering the prevalence of use, there is an intense lead and heavy metal content in the wastes resulting from these applications, and the toxic pollution caused by these metals affects the nearest water source directly or indirectly. Lead poses a serious threat to all life forms in the ecosystem, even at low concentrations in water. Lead recovery with environmentally friendly methods is both easier and more economical. Bacillus licheniformis sp. type was used as a biosorbent in the study. Nearly 98.4% of lead was removed by using the batch biosorption method, at 25 oC, pH 5.5, with an adsorption capacity of 42.92 in 120 minutes. from the water. The properties of the biosorbent, such as its morphological appearance, were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Besides, the functional groups affecting biosorption in the surface structure were investigated by fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR)while its resistance to heat treatment was measured by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA-DTA). The lead(II) element content in the aqueous solution was also determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES).
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    Fatty acid and 3-hydroxy fatty acid composition of two Hypericum species from Turkey
    (Wiley, 2004) Özen, Hasan Çetin; Başhan, Mehmet; Keskin, Cumali; Toker, Zuhal; 0000-0001-6670-6469; 0000-0003-3758-0654; 0000-0003-1038-9091
    The fatty acid compositions of flowering tops of Hypericum perforatum L. and Hypericum retusum Aucher (Guttiferae) were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major components were C16:0 (24.87%), C18:3 n-3 (21.94%), 3-OH-C18:0 (18.46%) and 3-OH-C14:0 (14.22%) for H. perforatum L. and 3-OH-C14:0 (28.29%), C18:0 (16.47%) and C16:0 (14.17%) for H. retusum Aucher. Besides widespread plant fatty acids, 3-hydroxy fatty acids, namely 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid (3-OH-C14:0) and 3-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (3-OH-C18:0) were also obtained.
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    Green synthesis and characterization of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) from the skin (testa) of Pistacia vera L. (Siirt pistachio) and investigation of antimicrobial and anticancer potentials
    (Springer Science and Business Media, 2023) Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Keskin, Cumali; Baran, Ayşe; Kurt, Kadri; İpek, Polat; Eftekhari, Aziz; Khalilov, Rovshan; Fridunbayov, Ismayil; Cho, William C.
    Metallic nanoparticles created by ecologically friendly synthesis processes are becoming increasingly useful in a variety of applications. Because of their strong bioactive component qualities, biocompatible architectures, high stability, and low toxicity, green-produced selenium nanoparticles are particularly signifcant materials for various medicinal applications. Plants include a wealth of essential phytochemicals with therapeutic and medical capabilities. Pistachio vera L. (Siirt pistachio) is a seasonal fruit that is frequently consumed for its nutritional worth and health advantages. However, the outer colored skin of the P. vera (Siirt pistachio) fruit, which is not consumed, contains many biologically active compounds. In this study, plant-mediated synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) was successfully accomplished after adding the sodium selenite solution to the aqueous extract of P. vera colored skin waste. The synthesized Se NPs were characterized with UV–Vis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta distribution, atomic force microscope (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), thermogravimetric (TGA) and diferential thermal analysis, X-ray difraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDX). Biogenic Pistacia vera (PV) PV-SeNPs were also tested for their ability to suppress the development of various pathogenic bacteria and cancerous cell lines. The UV-visible (UV–Vis) spectra revealed an absorption peak at 325 nm, which refected the surface plasmon band. The signifcant selenium signal on the EDX spectrum at 1.5 keV confrmed the creation of Se NPs. The presence of several peaks on the FTIR spectrum of the aqueous extract of Pv and the nanoparticles indicated the presence of some important functional groups such as amines, carbonyl compounds, and phenols, which are important in facilitating the process of capping and bioreduction, as well as conferring stability to nanoparticles. The TEM microphotographs revealed that the nanoparticles were highly distributed, had a spherical morphological form, and were monodisperse below 10 nm. Biogenic Pv-SeNPs exhibited similar antimicrobial activity as standard antibiotics. However, it was determined that the cytotoxic activity of Se-NPs against cancer cell lines was quite high depending on the dose and time. As a result, the Pv-SeNPs are likely to be extremely benefcial in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors, as well as in the food and cosmetic industries, in producing antimicrobial and/or anticancer medications.
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    Green synthesis and evaluation of antipathogenic, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activities of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) from Allium cepa L. peel aqueous extract
    (Springer Science and Business Media, 2023) İpek, Polat; Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Baran, Ayşe; Hatipoğlu, Abdulkerim; Keskin, Cumali; Yıldıztekin, Mahmut
    Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have potentially therapeutic properties as they are synthesized via biomolecules as reducing and stabilizing agent(s). The aim of this study is to develop an easy and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of Au NPs using extracts from the Allium cepa (AC) red peel (skin) extract and investigate the antibacterial and antioxidant activity and also inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. UV–Vis peak at ~ 564 nm confirmed the Au NPs absorbance. TEM images revealed the formation of Au NPs with mostly spherical shapes and sizes between 6.08 and 54.20 nm. FTIR analysis confirmed the important biological compounds responsible for the reduction of gold. The strong absorption property of Au NPs was studied by EDX. The produced Au NPs demonstrated significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against the bacterial and fungal strains tested, as well as efficient inhibitory activity against both AChE and BChE enzymes. The highest antimicrobial activities were found against Staphylococcus aureus (0.06° mg/ml) and Candida albicans (0.06° mg/ml). The antioxidant test findings revealed that AC-Au NPs had lesser activity when compared to normal antioxidants. The Au NPs showed excellent inhibitory efficacy against AChE and BChE. The proposed green technique could encourage the innocuous generation of Au NPs, implying therapeutic possibilities.
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    Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles based on the Raphanus sativus leaf aqueous extract and their toxicological/microbiological activities
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Hatipoğlu, Abdulkerim; Baran, Ayşe; Keskin, Cumali; Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Eftekhari, Aziz; Omarova, Sabina; Janas, Dawid
    Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have several uses. Many scientists are working on producing AgNPs from plant extracts for use as biomedicines against drug-resistant bacteria and malignant cell lines. In the current study, plant-based AgNPs were synthesized using Raphanus sativus L. (RS) leaf aqua extract. Different concentrations of AgNO3 were used to optimize the synthesis process of RS-AgNPs from the aqueous leaf extract. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and UV-vis spectroscopy were used to analyze the generated materials. Furthermore, to evaluate the biological properties of the obtained materials, Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Candida albicans (C. albicans) pathogen strains were used for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. Subsequently, healthy cell lines (human dermal fibroblast (HDF)) and cancerous cell lines (glioma/U118, Ovarian/Skov-3, and colorectal adenocarcinoma/CaCo-2) were engaged to determine the cytotoxic effects of the synthesized NPs. The cytotoxic and anti-pathogenic potential of AgNPs synthesized by the proposed green approach was investigated. The results were encouraging compared to the standards and other controls. Plant-based AgNPs were found to be potential therapeutic agents against the human colon cancer cell (CaCo-2) and showed strong inhibitory activity on Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus growth. The RS-AgNPs generated have highly effective antimicrobial properties against pathogenic bacteria. Our findings also show that green RS-AgNPs are more cytotoxic against cancerous cell lines than normal cell lines. Synthesized nanoparticles with desirable morphology and ease of preparation are thought to be promising materials for antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and catalytic applications.
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    Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Allium cepa L. peel extract, their antioxidant, antipathogenic, and anticholinesterase activity
    (MDPI, 2023) Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Keskin, Cumali; Baran, Ayşe; Hatipoǧlu, Abdülkerim; Yıldıztekin, Mahmut; Küçükaydın, Selçuk; Hoşgören, Hülya
    The present work deals with the green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Allium cepa (yellowish peel) and the evaluation of its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activities. For the synthesis of AgNPs, peel aqueous extract (200 mL) was treated with a 40 mM AgNO3 solution (200 mL) at room temperature, and a color change was observed. In UV-Visible spectroscopy, an absorption peak formation at ~439 nm was the sign that AgNPs were present in the reaction solution. UV-vis, FE-SEM, TEM, EDX, AFM, XRD, TG/DT analyses, and Zetasizer techniques were used to characterize the biosynthesized nanoparticles. The crystal average size and zeta potential of AC-AgNPs with predominantly spherical shapes were measured as 19.47 ± 1.12 nm and −13.1 mV, respectively. Pathogenic microorganisms Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans were used for the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) test. When compared to tested standard antibiotics, AC-AgNPs demonstrated good growth inhibitory activities on P. aeuruginosa, B. subtilis, and S. aureus strains. In vitro, the antioxidant properties of AC-AgNPs were measured using different spectrophotometric techniques. In the β-Carotene linoleic acid lipid peroxidation assay, AC-AgNPs showed the strongest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 116.9 µg/mL, followed by metal-chelating capacity and ABTS cation radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 120.4 µg/mL and 128.5 µg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory effects of produced AgNPs on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes were determined using spectrophotometric techniques. This study provides an eco-friendly, inexpensive, and easy method for the synthesis of AgNPs that can be used for biomedical activities and also has other possible industrial applications.
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    Green synthesis, characterization of gold nanomaterials using gundelia tournefortii leaf extract, and determination of their nanomedicinal (Antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic) potential
    (Hindawi LTD, 2022) Keskin, Cumali; Baran, Ayşe; Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Hatipoğlu, Abdulkerim; Adican, Mehmet Tevfik; Atalar, Mehmet Nuri; Yavuz, Ömer; Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegün
    Introduction. Fighting against cancer and antibiotic resistance are important challenges of healthcare systems, and developing new treatment methods has become the most concentrated area of researchers. Method and Materials. Green synthesis, characterization, and some biological activities of gold nanomaterials (AuNPs) obtained with Gundelia tournefortii (kenger) leaf extract were investigated in this study. Fourier scanning electron microscope, UV-visible spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction diffractometer, transmission electron microscope, and Zetasizer instrument data were used to elucidate the structures of nanoparticles. Results. The maximum surface plasmon resonance was observed at 532.15 nm after 1 hour. With the powder XRD model, the mean cubic crystallite size was determined as 23.53 nm. It was observed that the shapes of the obtained AuNPs were spherical, and the dimensions were 5-40 nm and hexagonal. Surface charges (-27 mV) and average size (365.3 nm) of gold nanoparticles were measured with a zeta analyzer. Conclusion. The suppressive effects of AuNPs on the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and healthy and cancer cell lines were determined using the MIC and MTT methods, respectively.
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    Green-synthesized nanoparticles for biomedical sensor technology
    (Elsevier, 2024) Baran, Ayse; Baran, Mehmet Firat; Ipek, Polat; Eftekhari, Aziz; Keskin, Cumali; Atalar, Mehmet Nuri; Alma, Mehmet Hakki
    Sensor technology is an integral part of the many cost-effective and efficient factors possible in modern medical devices. Biosensors have good potential as they are easy, scalable, and effective in manufacturing processes. Nanotechnology has become one of the promising technologies applied in all fields of science. Biotechnologically produced metallic nanoparticles (NP) attract attention in scientific applications and technology platforms due to their extensive applications in biomedical and physiochemical fields. In recent years, the side effects caused by the use of synthetic drugs and the medical and economic problems caused by them have made the use of plants popular again. Ecofriendly, nontoxic metal-based NPs (such as gold, silver, palladium, manganese, and zinc) smaller than 100nm in size can be synthesized with extracts obtained from plants by different methods. As the sizes and shapes of NPs change, the physical, chemical, bioactive, optical, electrical, catalytic, and toxicity properties of the particles also change. Biological synthesis, also known as green synthesis, is a practical method to obtain NPs easily and ecologically without the need for high pressure, high-temperature values, and toxic chemicals. Green synthesis of NPs is carried out using different biomaterials such as bacteria, fungi, yeast, viruses, microalgae, and plant biomass/essence. Plant-mediated biosynthesis of metallic NPs occurs through biomolecules containing organic functional groups in the plant. Nanobiosensors, analytical devices combining a biologically sensitive element with a nanostructured transducer, are widely used for the molecular detection of biomarkers associated with the diagnosis of diseases and the detection of infectious organisms. Nanobiosensors show certain advantages over laboratory and many field methods due to their inherent specificity, simplicity, and rapid response. In this study, advancements in the development of nanobiosensors are illuminated. Considering all these aspects, it can be said that nanobiosensors enable diagnostic tools with increased sensitivity, specificity, and reliability for medical applications. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.