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Öğe Comparative effects of pravastatin and rosuvastatin on carbohydrate metabolism in an experimental diabetic rat model(Sciendo, 2024) Kaya, Hacer Kayhan; Demirtaş, Berjan; Yokuş, Beran; Kesim, Dilek Aygün; Taşdemir, Ezel; Şermet, AbdurrahmanStatin treatment may increase the risk of diabetes; there is insufficient data on how statins affect glucose regulation and glycemic control and the effects of statins on liver enzymes related to carbohydrate metabolism have not been fully studied. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effects of the statin derivatives, pravastatin, and rosuvastatin, on carbohydrate metabolism in an experimental diabetic rat model. Female Wistar albino rats were used and diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Thereafter, 10 and 20 mg kg(-1 )day(-1) doses of both pravastatin and rosuvastatin were administered by oral gavage to the diabetic rats for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, body masses, the levels of fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), liver glycogen, and liver enzymes related to carbohydrate metabolism were measured. Both doses of pravastatin significantly in creased the body mass in diabetic rats, however, rosuvastatin, especially at the dose of 20 mg kg(-1 )day(-1) reduced the body mass signi ficantly. Pravastatin, especially at a dose of 20 mg kg(-1 )day(-1), caused significant increases in liver glycogen synthase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels but significant decreases in the levels of glycogen phosphorylase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphatase. Hence, pravastatin partially ameliorated the adverse changes in liver enzymes caused by diabetes and, especially at the dose of 20 mg kg(-1 )day(-1), reduced the fasting blood glucose level and increased the liver glycogen content. However, rosuvastatin, especially at the dose of 20 mg kg(-1 )day(-1), significantly reduced the liver glycogen synthase and pyruvate kinase levels, but increased the glycogen phosphorylase level in diabetic rats. Rosuvastatin, 20 mg kg(-1 )day(-1 )dose, caused significant decreases in the body mass and the liver glycogen content of diabetic rats. It can be concluded that pravastatin, especially at the dose of 20 mg kg(-1 )day(-1) is more effective in ameliorating the negative effects of diabetes by modulating carbohydrate metabolism.Öğe Deneysel diyabet modelinde antilipidemik rosuvastatin ve pravastatin'in etkileri(Dicle Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2020) Kaya, Hacer Kayhan; Şermet, AbdurrahmanAmaç: Bu çalışmada, deneysel diyabet modelinde antilipidemik rosuvastatin ve pravastatinin etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda 42 adet erişkin dişi Wistar albino rat kullanıldı. Ratlar 6 eşit gruba ayrıldı. 1) Sağlıklı kontrol grubu, 2) Diyabetik kontrol grubu, 3) PRV10 grubu, bu gruptaki ratlara 10 mg/kg/gün pravastatin uygulandı. 4) PRV20 grubu, bu gruptaki ratlara 20 mg/kg/gün pravastatin uygulandı. 5) RSV10 grubu, bu gruptaki ratlara 10 mg/kg/gün rosuvastatin uygulandı. 6) RSV20 grubu, bu gruptaki ratlara 20 mg/kg/gün rosuvastatin uygulandı. Sağlıklı kontrol grubu hariç diğer ratlara 40 mg/kg tek doz intraperitoneal streptozotosin enjeksiyonu yapıldı. Sekiz haftalık deney periyodunun sonunda, vücut ağırlıkları, açlık kan glukoz düzeyleri, açlık kan insülin düzeyleri, kan lipid parametreleri ve karaciğer glukoz metabolizmasıyla ilgili enzim düzeyleri belirlendi. Bulgular: Pravastatin açlık kan glukozunda azalmaya neden olurken, rosuvastatinin açlık kan glukozunda artışa neden olduğu görüldü. Her iki statin, özellikle TC ve LDL-K olmak üzere yüksek kan lipid seviyelerini başarılı bir şekilde düşürdü ve kullanılan statinlerin 10 mg'lık dozları ile 20 mg'lık dozları arasında önemli farklılık belirlenmedi. Pravastatin karaciğer glikojen, glikojen sentaz (GS), piruvat kinaz (PK), hekzokinaz (HK) ve glukoz-6-fosfat dehidrogenaz (G6PD) düzeylerinde artışa, laktat dehidrogenaz (LDH), glukoz-6-fosfataz (G6Paz), fruktoz-1,6-bisfosfataz (FBP1) ve glikojen fosforilaz (GP) düzeylerinde ise azalmaya neden olurken, rosuvastatin bunun tersi etki göstermiştir. Sonuç: Pravastatin diyabet ile ilgili parametreleri olumlu etkilerken, rosuvastatin olumsuz etkilemiştir.Öğe The effect of hydrophilic statins on adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, and vaspin levels in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats(Springer, 2024) Kaya, Hacer Kayhan; Demirtas, BerjanStatins may affect glucose metabolism through adipokines. The aim of this study was to measure the effects of hydrophilic statins on the levels of several adipokines in diabetic rats. Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: healthy control, untreated diabetic, diabetic treated with pravastatin, and diabetic treated with rosuvastatin. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Thereafter, 20 mg/kg/day doses of either pravastatin or rosuvastatin were administered to the treated diabetic rats for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the body weights, fasting blood glucose levels, serum insulin levels, and insulin resistance, as well as the serum adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, and vaspin levels, were measured. Fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance levels were significantly higher, whereas insulin levels and body weight were significantly lower in the untreated diabetic group than in the control group. Diabetes caused significant decreases in adiponectin, leptin, and vaspin levels but a significant increase in visfatin levels. Pravastatin treatment significantly increased body weight and decreased fasting blood glucose levels, whereas rosuvastatin decreased body weight but did not affect fasting blood glucose levels. Pravastatin caused significant increases in both adiponectin and vaspin levels. However, rosuvastatin did not affect the adiponectin level but caused a significant decrease in the vaspin levels. Both pravastatin and rosuvastatin treatments decreased the leptin and visfatin levels. In conclusion, pravastatin is more effective at improving fasting blood glucose levels and body weight in diabetic rats, probably by increasing adiponectin and vaspin levels.Öğe Effects of kefir on paraoxanase activity (PON1), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and serum lipid profiles in smokers and non-smokers(Soc Brasileira Ciencia Tecnologia Alimentos, 2022) Diken, Huda Oflazoğlu; Demirtaş, Berjan; Kaya, Hacer KayhanSome scientific evidence indicates that antioxidant-rich diets may prevent the negative effects of free radicals. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of kefir consumption on paraxonase-1 (PON1) activity, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and serum lipid parameters in smokers and non-smokers. At baseline, PON1 activity, TAS, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were lower (P<0.05, P<0.01, and P<0.05, respectively) whereas TOS, triglyceride (TG), and light-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were higher (all P 0.05) in smokers compared to non-smokers. There were no significant differences in total cholesterol (TC) levels between two groups (P 0.01, respectively). Kefir consumption did not have any significant effect on TOS, HDL-C, LDL-C, TC, and TG values both in smokers (all P 0.05) and non-smokers (all P>0.05). Regular consumption of kefir increases the PON1 activity and TAS value in both smokers and non-smokers. It can be concluded that kefir plays an important role in favor of antioxidants in the formation of antioxidant/ oxidant balance in both smokers and non-smokers.Öğe Evaluation of the serum visfatin eotaxin and fetuin-A levels of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(MediHealth Academy Yayıncılık, 2022) Kaya, Hacer Kayhan; Şermet, Abdurrahman; Pekkolay, Zafer; Taşdemir, Ezel; Keşim, Dilek AygünObjective: The aim of this study was to determine the serum visfatin, eotaxin and fetuin-A levels in patients with normal BMI and overweight type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Material and Method: This study perform in 30 T2DM patients and in 20 healthy subjects. Test subjects were divided into four groups as two diabetics and two controls. Diabetics with a body mass index (BMI) of 26.2-29.9 kg/m2 were included in the overweight diabetic group (OD), and those with a body mass index of 20.9-24.9 kg/m2 were included in the normal BMI diabetic group (ND). The volunteers in the control group were also divided into two groups as overweight (OC) and normal BMI (NC). Smoking and alcohol users were not included in the study. In addition, patients with significant diabetic complications such as retinopathy, hypertension, neuropathy, renal failure, and cardiovascular disease were excluded from the study. The serum visfatin eotaxin and fetuin-A levels were measured using the ELISA method. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the data of the groups, while Spearman’s analysis was applied for the correlations. Results: The visfatin levels of the OD and ND were significantly higher compared to those of their control groups (pÖğe Seasonal Changes in Fatty Acid Composition of Chondrostoma regium Lipids(Inst Animal Reproduction & Food Research Polish Acad Sciences Olsztyn, 2024) Kacar, Semra; Kaya, Hacer Kayhan; Bashan, MehmetThis study examined seasonal variations in fatty acid composition of the phospholipid (PL) fraction, triacylglycerol (TAG) fraction, and phospholipid subclass (phosphatidylcholine, PC; phosphatidylinositol, PI; phosphatidylserine, PS; and phosphatidylethanolamine, PE) of muscle tissue of Chondrostoma regium, a freshwater fish inhabiting the Munzur River (Turkey). It was found that the percentages of total monounsaturated fatty acids, myristic acid (C14:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1n7), oleic acid (C18:1n9), linoleic acid (C18:2n6), and linolenic acid (C18:3n3) were higher in TAG fraction than in the PL fraction. The ratio of total polyunsaturated fatty acids to total saturated fatty acids was 1.44-1.85, the atherogenicity index ranged from 0.36 to 0.46, while the thrombogenicity index was determined to be between 0.17 and 0.21 in total lipids. The n3/n6 ratio ranged from 6.55 to 10.49. The fatty acid levels of the PL and PL subclasses, TAG, and total lipid were influenced by the season. Throughout the year, palmitic acid (C16:0), C18:1n9, eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3, EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3, DHA) were the most abundant in PC. In PE, the share of n3 fatty acids decreased from November to April, and percentages of EPA, DHA and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n3) were high among the n3 fatty acids. The predominant fatty acids in PI were stearic acid (C18:0) and arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), and throughout the year, the share of C18:0 was the highest in November. In the PS fraction, the percentages of C16:1n7 and C18:1n9 were high. In summary, C. regium can be deemed an excellent source of nutritionally valuable lipids and recommended for wider use in the human diet.Öğe Seasonal effect on fatty acid composition in phospholipid classes and triacylglycerols of male Capoeta umbla(CSIC Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 2023) Kaçar, Semra; Kaya, Hacer Kayhan; Başhan, MehmetThe seasonal changes in muscle tissue, total lipids and fatty acid composition of phospholipids (PL), triacylglycerol (TAG), and phospholipid classes of male Capoeta umbla were investigated in this study. Phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and phosphatidylserine (PS) were identified as the major phospholipids (PLs) in the muscle tissue (PS). Triacylglycerols showed high contents of MUFA, 14:0, 16:1n-7, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6, and 18:3n-3; while phospholipids presented high contents of AA, DHA, and 18:0. Myristic acid, 16:1n-7, 18:1n-9, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), linoleic acid (18:2n-6), and linolenic acid (18:3n-3) were shown to be present in larger concentrations in TAG than in PL classes. In PL classes, 16:0, 18:0, arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (20:5n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (22:6n-3) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (ΣPUFA) were higher than the TAG fraction. The fatty acid composition of total lipid and lipid classes (TAG and PL) were affected by the seasonal variations and lipid fraction.Öğe Sigara içiminin gastrik miyoelektrik aktiviteye etkisinin araştırılması(Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, 2021) Kaya, Hamza; Diken, Hüda Oflazoğlu; Kaya, Hacer Kayhan; Kelle, Mustafa; Ekin, Cemre UçarAmaç: Sigara içimi gastrointestinal sistem dahil olmak üzere bir çok doku, organ ve sistemi etkilediği bilinmektedir. Mide motor fonksiyon bozukluklarının bazı belirti ve semptomlarının, elektrogastrografik analiz sonuçlarıyla iyi korelasyon gösterdiği ifade edilmiştir. Şu ana kadar sigaranın mide hareketlerini yöneten gastrik miyoelektrik aktiviteye etkileri konusunda sınırlı sayıda çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, elektrogastrografi (EGG) tekniğinden yararlanılarak sigara içiminin gastrik miyoelektriksel aktiviteye etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlandı. Yöntemler: Çalışma 8’i sigara içen ve 7’si sigara içmeyen 25-40 yaş aralığında ve bilinen gastrointestinal sistem dahil herhangi bir rahatsızlığı bulunmayan toplam 15 sağlıklı ve gönüllü erkek birey üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Her katılımcı için 30 dakikalık kontrol periyodu ve ardından 60 dakikalık deney periyodu abdominal EGG kaydı alındı. Tüm kayıtlar aç karna, aynı gün içinde ve ardışık olarak kaydedildi. Günde en fazla iki bireyin kaydı yapıldı. EGG kayıtlarındaki normogastri yüzdesi, dominant frekans ve dominant güç parametrelerini gösteren dalgalar; spektral analiz programı kullanılarak analiz edildi. Kontrol periyodunda kronik sigara içiminin, deney periyodunda ise kronik içicilerde akut sigara içiminin etkisi araştırıldı. Çalışmadan elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesinde nonparametrik testlerden MannWhitney U testi kullanıldı. Karşılaştırmalardan elde edilen p değerleri p < 0.05 ise anlamlı olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Kontrol periyodunda kronik sigara içen bireylerin EGG kaydı sonuçları sigara içmeyen bireylerin sonuçlarıyla karşılaştırıldığında sigara içenlerde normogastri yüzdesi, dominant frekans ve dominant güç parametrelerinin her üçünde anlamlı olmayan bir azalma saptandı. Ancak, deney periyodunda kronik içicilerde akut sigara içiminin hem normogastri yüzdesini hem de dominant güç değerini anlamlı olarak azalttığı belirlendi. Sonuç: Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, sigara içiminin özellikle aktif - akut sigara içiminin gastrik miyoelektriksel aktiviteyi azalttığını göstermiştir.Öğe Triacylglycerol and phospholipid classes of capoettaumbla(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Kaçar, Semra; Kaya, Hacer Kayhan; Başhan, MehmetIn this study, seasonal changes in the muscle tissue, total lipid, and fatty acid composition of phospholipid (PL), triacylglycerol (TAG), and phospholipid classes of female Capoeta umbla were investigated. Fatty acid compositions of TAG and PL classes were found to be different in C. umbla muscle. Percentages of myristic acid, 16:1n-7, 18:1n-9, monounsaturated fatty acid (ΣMUFA), linoleic acid (18:2n-6), and linolenic acid (18:3n-3) were found to be higher in TAG than the values determined in PL classes. In PL classes, 16:0, 18:0, arachidonic acid (20:4n-6, AA), EPA (20:5n-3), DHA (22:6n-3), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (ΣPUFA) were higher than TAG fraction.
