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Öğe An evaluation of the effect on streptococcus mutans adhesion of surface roughness in different aesthetic restorative materials(Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 2024) Ertuğrul, Mustafa Orkun; Bakır, Şeyhmus; Bakir, Elif Pınar; Özcan, NidaAim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) adhesion of the surface roughness in different aesthetic restorative materials after the application of different finishing and polishing disc systems to tooth-coloured restorative materials. Material-Method: A total of 126 disc-shaped samples were prepared as 21 for each of the restorative test materials used in the study. The samples were separated into 3 groups of 7 for the application of a different finishing and polishing disc set to each group. Pellicle formation on the surface of the materials was obtained by leaving the samples for one hour in artificial saliva containing mucin. The samples were then incubated in solutions containing S. mutans, and after 24 hours, the number of S. mutans showing adhesion were counted. Results: A statistically significant difference was determined between the materials in respect of surface roughness values and bacteria adhesion (p0.05). A positive correlation was determined at the rate of 26.2% between the surface roughness of the materials and S. mutans adhesion (pÖğe Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria Isolated from Clinical Samples(Veysi AKPOLAT, 2023) Bilden, Alican; Atmaca, Selahattin; Özcan, NidaAmaç: Anaerop bakteriler vücudun normal flora elemanı olmasına karşın, bağışıklık sisteminin zayıflamasıyla enfeksiyona neden olabilirler. Bu bakterilerin izolasyonları ve identifikasyonları güç olduğu için çoğu laboratuvarda yapılmamaktadır. Bu sebeple çoğu zaman anaerop bakteriler göz ardı edilebilmektedir. Bunun sonucu olarak da gelişen antibiyotik direnç durumları tespit edilememektedir. Bizim bu çalışmadaki amacımız, anaerop bakterilerin antibiyotik direnç profillerinin bilinmesinin tedavinin seyri açısından gerekli olduğunu ve belirli periyodlarda antibiyotik duyarlılık testlerinin yapılması gerektiğini ortaya koymaktır. Metod: Çalışmaya, Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji AD. Bakteriyoloji/Kültür laboratuvarına, çeşitli klinik birimlerden anaerop kültür istemiyle gönderilmiş 372 numune dahil edilmiştir. Bu numuneler, ilk olarak bakteri izolasyonu için Brucella kanlı agara ekildi. İzole edilen bakterilerin identifikasyonları MALDI-TOF MS ile yapıldıktan sonra antimikrobiyal duyarlılık profillerinin belirlenmesi için E – test yöntemi kullanıldı. Bulgular: İzole edilen 17 Bacterioides türünde antimikrobiyal direncin en yüksek olduğu antibiyotikler sırasıyla % 100 oranında penisilin (P), % 41,2 oranında klindamisin (CM) ve % 35,3 oranında ise amoksisillin-klavulanik asid (AMC) olarak belirlendi. İzole edilen 22 Prevotella türünde ise antimikrobiyal direncin en yüksek olduğu antibiyotikler % 45,5 oranında penisilin (P) ve % 27,3 oranında moksifloksasin (MX) olarak belirlendi. Yine izole edilen 1 Dialister pneumosintes bakterisinde sadece metronidazol (MZ) direnci gözlemlenirken, 1 Veillonella parvula bakterisinde ise penisilin (P), imipenem (IP) ve piperasillin-tazobaktam (TPZ) antibiyotiklerine karşı direnç gözlemlenmiştir. Son olarak da izole edilen 4 Fusobacterium türünde ise hiçbir antibiyotiğe karşı direnç gözlemlenmemiştir. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda izole edilen Gram-negatif anaerop bakterilerin büyük çoğunluğunun penisilin, klindamisin, moksifloksasin, metronidazol ve amoksisillin-klavulanik aside karşı bir direnç geliştirdiği veya bu antibiyotiklere karşı artan bir dirence sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Anahtar Sözcükler: Gram-Negatif Anaerop Bakteriler, E-Test, MIC, MALDI-TOF MSÖğe Antifungal Susceptibilities of Candida Species Isolated to Clinical Samples(2024) Kalkanlı, Nevin; Atmaca, Selahattin; Özcan, NidaBackground: Candidiasis is a skin, mucosal, and organ infection caused by Candida fungi, with Candida albicans being the most common. These infections pose significant morbidity and mortality risks, necessitating rapid identification and characterization methods for diagnosis and personalized antifungal therapy based on Candida’s pathogenic properties. Materials and Methods: Candida species isolated from diverse clinical samples from patients were included in this study. A total of 86 isolates were analyzed at the genus and species levels using mass spectrometry, while susceptibility profiles to amphotericin B (AmB), anidulafungin (AND), fluconazole (FLC), and voriconazole were regulated using the gradient test method. Results: Candida spp. were detected in 1254 clinical samples obtained from 736 patients. Antifungal susceptibility was tested on 86 isolated samples, including C. albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida kefyr, Candida guilliermondii, and Candida krusei. The corresponding rates of resistance to AmB and FLC in C. albicans isolates were 2.2% and 13.3%. No resistance to AND was determined. Conclusion: Candida species C. albicans is the most regularly isolated, but infections from other Candida species have increased. No resistance to AND was observed, but species-specific resistance to other antifungal agents was identified, emphasizing the need for continuous monitoring.Öğe Bir kedideki nekrotizan fasiit olgusundan izole edilen iki zoonotik bakteri: Streptococcus canis ve Staphylococcus felis(Veteriner Hekimler Derneği, 2021) Yücetepe, Ayfer Güllü; Arserim, Neval Berrin; Özcan, Nida; Cenak, Hakan; Keskin, OktayNekrotizan fasiit (NF) deri altı ve fasiyal dokuların hızla yayılan, potansiyel olarak hayati tehlike yaratan bakteriyel bir enfeksiyonu olup, hastalığın etiyolojisinde farklı bakteriler yer alır. Bu bildiride bir özel veteriner kliniğine yüzde yara şikâyetiyle getirilen 2 yaşında, 3 kg ağırlığındaki dişi tekir kedinin klinik muayenesinde NF olası tanısı konulan bir olgu sunu amaçlanmıştır. Hasta kedinin klinik muayenesinde genel durumun iyi olduğu, yüz bölgesinin her iki tarafında irinleşmemiş nekrotik lezyonlar olduğu saptandığı için Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalına başvuruldu. Lezyonlu bölgelerden alınan steril svap örneklerinden %7 koyun kanlı agara ekim yapılarak aerobik ve anaearobik olarak inkübe edildi. Oluşan koloniler identifikasyona alındı. Klasik biyokimyasal testlerle Staphylococcus spp. ve Streptococcus spp. olarak saptanan etkenler MALDI-TOF’la (Bruker Corporation; Billerica, MA, USA) aynı zamanda zoonoz ajanlar olan Staphylococcus felis ve Streptococcus canis identifiye edildi. Kirby-Bauer disk difüzyon tekniğiyle yapılan antibiyotik duyarlılık testine göre Staphylococcus felis tetrasiklin, penisilin, enrofloksasin, ampisilin, gentamisin, eritromisin, vankomisin, novobiosin, amoksisilin/klavulonik asit ve imipenem’e duyarlı, neomisin ve streptomisin’e orta derecede duyarlı ve oksasilin’e dirençli bulunurken, Streptococcus canis penisilin, oksasilin, enrofloksasin, ampisilin, eritromisin, vankomisin, amoksisilin/klavulonik asit ve imipenem’e duyarlı, neomisin, tetrasiklin, novobiosin’e orta derecede duyarlı, streptomisin ve gentamisin’e dirençli olarak saptandı. Bu sonuçlara göre tedavi olarak 10 gün süre ile enrofloksasin + amoksisilin/kalvulonik asit kombinasyonu yapıldı. Tedavi, 2 hafta kantaron yağı, sonrasında aloea-vera sıvısı ve jeli, ayrıca propolisle desteklendi. Tedavi süresi sonucunda klinik iyileşme gözlendi. Sonuç olarak farklı bakteriler tarafından oluşturulabilen NF olgularında başarılı bir tedavi için, etiyolojinin ve duyarlı antibiyotiklerin belirlenmesinin hayvan ve insan sağlığı açısından önemli olduğu sonucuna varıldı.Öğe Clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological characteristics of patients diagnosed with brucellosis: A comprehensive analysis(Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, 2023) Çiçek, Yeliz; Özcan, Nida; Demir, Yakup; Dayan, SaimIntroduction: This study aims to evaluate the demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, radiological features, and the relationship between brucella capture titers and blood culture positivity in patients followed up due to brucellosis. Methods: The medical records of 214 patients diagnosed with brucellosis, who were followed up at the infectious diseases clinic and/or outpatient clinic between January 2017 and December 2018, were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic and clinical characteristics of 118 included patients were recorded. Brucella capture tests and blood cultures were processed at bacteriology department of Dicle University Hospital Laboratory. Results: The mean age of the patients was 39.54±17.123 years. Fifty percent of the patients were male and 58.5% of the patients resided in rural areas. The most common complaints at presentation were fever (89%) and bone-joint pain (73.7%). The most frequent physical examination findings were fever (89%) and tenderness in bones and joints (73.7%). Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate was observed in 29.6% of patients, while elevated c-reactive protein levels were seen in 55.9% of the patients. The two most common hematological findings at the time of diagnosis were anemia with 45.8% and lymphomonocytosis with 26.3%. A statistically significant disparity was observed in the incidence of complications among patients displaying hematological manifestations, including anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, associated with brucellosis (p<0.05). The most commonly encountered organ involvements were sacroiliitis, with a prevalence of 31.4%, and splenomegaly, noted in 25.4% of cases. Among the patient cohort, disease reporting was documented in 59.3% of instances. The reporting rate was notably higher at the infectious diseases clinic, accounting for 64.7% of cases, whereas non-infectious clinics exhibited a lower reporting rate of 25%. Blood cultures were taken from 56 of 118 patients followed up due to brucellosis and growth was detected in 30 of them. All of the microorganisms grown were determined to be B. Melitensis. Notably, 62.5% of patients with a brucella capture titer ≥1/ 1280 and 31.25% of those with titers <1/ 1280 exhibited growth in blood cultures. There was a statistically significant correlation between the elevation of brucella capture titers among patients, ranging from 1/320 to 1/5120, and an increased likelihood of detecting brucella bacteria through blood culture (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study revealed a correlation between higher brucella capture titers and blood culture positivity. In addition, markers such as anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia were associated with an increased risk of complications, emphasizing their importance as prognostic indicators.Öğe Comparison of antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, and fluoride release of glass Ionomer restorative dental cements in dentistry(International Scientific Information, 2023) Günay, Ayşe; Çelenk, Sema; Adıgüzel, Özkan; Cangül, Suzan; Özcan, Nida; Çakmakoğlu, Ezgi EroğluBACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, and fluoride release of 4 different glass ionomer cements (GIC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 200 samples were prepared: Riva Silver, a silver-reinforced GIC; Equia Forte HT, a glass hybrid GIC; ChemFil Rock, a zinc-added GIC; and Ketac™ Molar Easymix. Using the agar diffusion test for antibacterial activity, 30 samples from each group were analyzed for Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Actinomyces naeslundii. The areas around the samples where no bacterial growth occurred were digitally measured and recorded. For cytotoxicity analysis, the WST-1 test was performed on 10 samples from each group using the L929 mouse fibroblast cell line. The fluoride release property was evaluated using an ion-selective electrode method on 10 samples from each group. RESULTS: The group that used Ketac™ Molar Easymix showed the lowest antibacterial activity against S. mutans, L. acidophilus, and A. naeslundii. In all 3 days of cytotoxicity testing, the group that used Riva Silver was found to be the least toxic material, while the group that used ChemFil Rock did not have viable cells after the 1st day. In all 4 materials, fluoride release values gradually increased since the first day, with Ketac™ Molar Easymix having the highest fluoride release. CONCLUSIONS: Of all the GICs tested, Ketac™ Molar Easymix demonstrated the least antibacterial activity despite having the highest fluoride release, while Riva Silver was found to be the least cytotoxic material.Öğe Contested role of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in the diagnosis of fascioliasis(Egyptian Parasitologists United Society, 2022) Çakır, Fatih; Bilden, Alican; Özcan, Nida; Çiçek, MutalipBackground: Procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are acute phase reactants indicating inflammation, particularly in bacterial infections. High PCT or CRP levels were proposed in malaria, invasive amoebiasis, babesiosis and schistosomiasis. Since liver is the sole habitat, it was hypothesized that PCT and CRP may have a role in the diagnosis of fascioliasis. Objective: The study aimed to investigate whether PCT and CRP have a role in the diagnosis of fascioliasis. Subjects and Methods: Fifty fascioliasis patients and 50 healthy blood donors in the same age range, as the control group, were included in the study. Fascioliasis was diagnosed by anti-Fasciola IgG ELISA, in addition, direct stool examinations (fresh smear and after sedimentation) were performed in both groups. Serum PCT and CRP levels were determined by I-chroma kits on I- CHROMATM II device, and NFL BN-II immunonephelometry system, respectively. Results: There was no statistically significant difference of PCT and CRP values between the fascioliasis patient group and the control group (P> 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that PCT and CRP were not relevant parameters for diagnosis of fascioliasis.Öğe COVID-19 Associated Autoimmunity: “Are Autoantibodies Neglected?”(Veysi AKPOLAT, 2022) Ayaydın, Zeynep; Özcan, Nida; Atmaca, SelahattinCoronaviruses are a large family of viruses that can cause mild infections, such as the common cold, to more severe clinical manifestations. On 31 December 2019, cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology were reported in Wuhan, China. On 7 January 2020, the name of the disease was named Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), and the agent was named SARS-CoV-2. Studies have shown that the worsening of the disease was immunopathological. Clinical progression rapidly worsens as a result of the onset of a severe immunological response to the virus and the elevation of cytokine levels. In addition to the intensified immunological response, some studies have focused on the effect of autoantibodies on the disease. Autoantibodies targeting their own cells and tissues have been reported in some patients. Although it is not known exactly how these autoantibodies are formed, theories are focused on the sensitization of the immune system to one's own cells and that some of the epitopes of the virus may resemble our antigens. Autoantibodies have been shown to increase the severity of the disease and prolong the healing process. (Anti-nücleer antibody) ANA, anti-phospholipid antibodies and anti-type 1 interferon antibodies were detected most frequently in COVID-19 cases. Rarely, other types of autoantibodies -Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA), Anti-cyclic citrulline peptide antibody (Anti-CCP) etc.- have been encountered. More comprehensive prospective scientific studies should be conducted on the formation of autoantibodies in COVID-19 disease.Öğe Culture and culture-independent diagnostic tests in Campylobacter enteritis(Journal of Infection Developing Countries, 2022) Özcan, Nida; Bacalan, Fatma; Çakır, Fatih; Bilden, Alican; Genişel, Neslihan; Dal, TubaIntroduction: Campylobacter infections are among the most common causes of bacterial enteritis. This study aims to determine the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values (PPV) of culture and culture-independent tests for the diagnosis of Campylobacter enteritis. Methodology: A total of 400 stool samples were included in the study. BD MAX enteric bacterial panel (BD Diagnostics, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) and EntericBio Gastro Panel II (Serosep, Limerick, Ireland) were used as commercial molecular tests. RIDA??QUICK Campylobacter (R-Biopharm, Darmstadt,, Germany) and CerTest (Biotec, Zaragoza, Spain) were used to detect Campylobacter antigens. Samples were cultured in CCDA media and subjected to bacterial identification by mass spectrometry. Results: Among the 400 specimens, 41 (10.2%) were evaluated as Campylobacter positive; 21 were culture-positive and 20 were detected as positive by both PCR methods. Of the 21 isolates grown in culture, 16 (76.2%) were identified as C. jejuni and 5 (23.8%) as C. coli. While all 21 culture-positive specimens were detected as positive by both molecular tests, 18 of the specimens were found positive by RidaQuick, and 16 by Certest ICA. Of the 20 culture-negative Campylobacter cases, 18 were positive by RidaQuick and 12 by Certest ICA. Sensitivities of culture, ICA-RidaQuick and ICA-CerTest were 51.2%, 87.8 and 68.3, respectively. The specificities of all tests were in the range of 90-100 %. PPV of molecular tests, ICA-RidaQuick and ICA-CerTest were > 95%, 72 % and 48.3 %, respectively. Conclusions: Molecular tests were superior to culture and ICA in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value.Öğe Culture- and polymerase chain reaction-based detection of flavobacterium psychrophilum in naturally infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss Walbaum, 1792) from trout farms(Hasan ÖNDER, 2023) Özcan, Filiz; Arserim, Neval Berrin; Ketani, M. Aydın; Aydın, Kasım; Sever, Nurdan Karacan; Özcan, Nida; Çelik, Burçak AslanThe present study aimed to detect Flavobacterium psychrophilum in fish samples collected from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum 1792) farms in the Southeastern Anatolia region of Türkiye by means of bacteriological culture and polymerase chain reaction and to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility of the causative bacteria. A total of 40 trout farms located in Diyarbakır, Adıyaman, Şanlıurfa, and Batman provinces were visited, and 1200 samples were examined. During January and February 30 fish with an average live weight of 200–250 g were collected from each farm. Samples were obtained from the liver, spleen, kidneys, and tissues following macroscopic laboratory examination of the specimens. Antibiotic treatment is the treatment of choice owing to the lack of an effective vaccine in the control of the disease. Therefore, it is important to rapidly identify the bacterial species and investigate its susceptibility to antibiotics. In this study, the causative bacteria were detected in 5 out of 40 farms. The causative bacteria infected the liver, kidney, and tissues. The sensitivity of Enrofloxacin (5 microgram (µg)), Florfenicol (30µg), Neomycin (5µg), Amoxicillin (25µg), Oxytetracycline (30µg), Erythromycin (10µg), Gentamycin (5µg), Streptomycin (5µg) and Nalidixic acid (10µg) were defined at chancing ratios. In conclusion, these bacteria were detected in regional farms, which should minimize the stress factors by avoiding overstocking and following the required hygiene rules.Öğe Detection of Yersinia ruckeri in naturally infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) from trout farms in Anatolia, Turkey(Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, 2023) Özcan, Filiz; Arserim, Neval Berrin; Ketani, Muzaffer Aydın; Aydın, Kasım; Sever, Nurdan Karacan; Özcan, Nida; Çelik, Burçak AslanThe present study aimed to detect Yersinia ruckeri bacteria in fish samples collected from the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) farms in the South Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey through bacteriological culturing and polymerase chain reaction. Separate visits were made to trout farming facilities in Diyarbakır, Adıyaman, Şanlıurfa, and Batman in January and February 2021, and 30 fish with an average live weight of 200–250 g were collected from each facility. A total of 1,200 samples were taken from 40 trout farms. Liver, spleen, kidney, and tissue specimens were collected from rainbow trout. Yersinia ruckeri was isolated from the kidney, liver and muscle tissue of fish on McConkey Agar for bacteriological examinations. Isolated strains were identified by MALDI–TOF and PCR. It was detected the bacteria in the liver, kidney, and muscle tissue samples of fish from 23 out of 40 farms. In conclusion, these bacteria were detected in local farms. These farms must implement vaccination, minimize stress factors affecting the fish, and avoid overstocking. The best methods to protect against infection include avoiding overstocking, low oxygen levels, and underqualified labor force.Öğe Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi’nde bruselloz seroprevalansı: Rose Bengal Testi ve Brucella Coombs Test sonuçları(Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, 2022) Temiz, Hakan; Özcan, Nida; Araç, Eşref; Özbek, ErdalAmaç: Bruselloz dünyanın birçok ülkesinde ve ülkemizde en yaygın görülen zoonotik hastalıklardan biridir. Bu çalışmada; 2021 yılı içerisinde hastanemiz mikrobiyoloji laboratuvarına çeşitli klinik ve polikliniklerden bruselloz şüphesi ile gönderilen hasta serum örneklerinde çalışılan RoseBengal Testi (RBT)ve BrucellaCoombs Testi (BCT) aglütinasyon titrelerinin, bölgemizdeki bruselloz seroprevalansını belirlemek için retrospektif olarak irdelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntemler: Hastalardan serolojik testlerde kullanılmak üzere kan örnekleri alındıktan sonra serumları ayrıldı. Tarama testi olarak RoseBengal lam aglütinasyon testi kullanılmıştır. Tarama testi pozitif bulunan hasta serumlarına, Brucella immuncapture aglütinasyon testleri uygulanmıştır. Çalışmamızda uygulanan testlerde, BCT yöntemiyle 1/320 ve üzeri bulunan titreler pozitif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmada değerlendirilen 5.196 bruselloz şüpheli hasta örneğinden; RBT pozitif olan 336 (%6,5) hasta bulunmuştur. RBT pozitif olan serumların 257 tanesinin (%76,5) BCT titresi 1/320 ve üzerinde pozitif olarak saptanmıştır. BCT seropozitifliği %62,2 oranında en sık 20-50 yaş grubunda görülmüştür. BCTseropozitifliğinin hastanın başvurduğu kliniğe göre dağılımında ise en sık başvuru yapılan klinik %47,6 oranında enfeksiyon hastalıkları polikliniği idi. BCT seropozitif serumların 176’sı (%52,4) kadın, 160’ı (%47,6) ise erkek hastalara aitti. Sonuç: Bruselloz, fakültatif intrasellüler bakterilerle ortaya çıktığından birçok organ ve sistemi etkileyebilmektedir. Hastalığın tanısında kültür altın standart olmakla birlikte serolojik testler de sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile elde edilen retrospektif veriler doğrultusunda hastanemizde bruselloz seroprevalansı %5 olarak saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmada serolojik test sonuçlarını değerlendirerek bölgesel verilerin oluşturulmasında katkı yarattığımızı düşünmekteyiz.Öğe Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi’nde HBsAg, Anti-HCV, Anti-HIV Seroprevalansı ve Hepatit B Bağışıklığının Değerlendirilmesi(2024) Temiz, Hakan; Özcan, Nida; Araç, Eşref; Akkoç, Hasan; Özbek, ErdalAmaç: Ülkemizde kronik karaciğer hastalığının en sık nedeni hepatit B virüs (HBV) ve hepatit C virüs (HCV) enfeksiyonlarına bağlı kronik viral hepatitlerdir. İnsan immünyetmezlik virüsü (HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus) enfeksiyonu, toplumun tüm kesimlerini etkileyebilmesi, sağlıklı yaşam süresini kısaltabilmesi ve kişiden kişiye bulaşarak yayılabilmesi nedeniyle önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu çalış- mada; 2021 yılı içerisinde hastanemiz mikrobiyoloji laboratuarına çeşitli klinik ve polikliniklerden gönderilen hasta serum örneklerinde çalışılan rutin hepatit ve HIV seroloji testleri sonuçlarının retrospektif olarak irdelenmesi sonucunda, test sonuçlarının değerlendirerek güncel bölgesel verilerin oluşturulmasında, korunma önlemlerinin alınmasında ve risk altında olan sağlık personellerinin bilinçlendirilmesinde katkı yaratmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Hepatit B yüzey antijeni (HBsAg), HCV antikoru (Anti-HCV) ve HIV antikoru (Anti-HIV) ve Hepatit B yüzey antikoru (Anti- HBs) testleri; elektrokemiluminesans immünoassay yöntemi kullanılarak Cobas e601 cihazında (Roche Diagnostics, Almanya) çalışıldı. Anti-HIV testinde, sınır değer ve reaktif çıkan sonuçlar Ulusal HIV-AIDS Doğrulama Referans Merkezine gönderilerek doğrulama testi yapıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmada HBsAg için gönderilen 10.003 örneğin 533’ü (%5,3), Anti-HCV için değerlendirilen 9.996 örneğin105’i (%1,1) ve Anti-HBs test edilen 9.994 örneğin 4.260’ı (%42,6) seropozitifti. Anti-HIV için gönderilen 9.952 örneğin 133’ü (%1,3) reaktifti ve yapılan doğrulama testleri sonucunda 72 örnekte (%0,7) pozitiflik saptandı. Sonuç: HBV, HCV ve HIV enfeksiyonlarından korunmada toplumsal farkındalığın artırılması ile bu enfeksiyonların risk gruplarının taranmasının sürekliliği sağlanmalıdır.Öğe Escherichia coli Suşlarından Siprofloksasin, Sefotaksim ve İmipeneme Karşı Üç Farklı Zaman Aralığında Elde Edilen Direnç Oranlarının Karşılaştırılması(2016) Gül, Kadri; Özekinci, Tuncer; Atma, Selahattin; Özcan, NidaAmaç: Escherichia coli ülkemizde hem hastane hem de toplum kaynaklı üriner sistem infeksiyonlarında en sık izole edilen etkendir. Laboratuvarımızda E. coli suşlarının antibiyotik duyarlılıklarıyla ilgili farklı zamanlarda yapılmış çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile 1997-2014 yılları arasında idrar kültürlerinden izole edilen E. coli suşlarının antibiyotik direnç değişimlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada 2014 yılında idrar kültürlerinden izole edilen E. coli suşlarının siprofloksasin, sefotaksim ve imipeneme karşı elde edilen direnç oranları 1997 ve 2006 yıllarında aynı laboratuvarda elde edilen direnç oranları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: 2006 yılında siprofloksasine %44 olan direnç oranı, 2014'te %38 (p: 0.367); %49 olan sefotaksim direnci seftazidim olarak %53 (p: 0.462) ve %4 olan imipenem direnci %0,7 (p: 0.056) olarak belirlenmiştir. Tartışma ve Sonuç: Sonuç olarak bölgesel verilerin sistematik olarak değerlendirilmesiyle oluşan bilgi birikiminin, uygun antibiyotik seçiminde ve gereksiz antibiyotik kullanımın önlenmesinde değer taşıyacağı düşünülmüştür.Öğe Evaluation of febrile neutropenic patients hospitalized in a hematology clinic(Hainan Medical University, 2015) Görük, Mücahit; Dal, Mehmet Sinan; Dal, Tuba; Karakuş, Abdullah; Tekin, Recep; Özcan, Nida; Ayyıldız, Orhan; 0000-0003-2090-4392Objective: To evaluate the febrile neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies hospitalized in hematology clinic with poor hygiene standards. Methods: A total of 124 patients with hematological malignancies (69 male, 55 female) hospitalized in hematology clinic with poor hygiene conditions depending on hospital conditions, between January 2007 and December 2010, were evaluated, retrospectively. Results: In this study, 250 febrile neutropenia episodes developing in 124 hospitalized patients were evaluated. Of the patients, 69 were men (56%) and 55 women (44%). A total of 40 patients (32%) had acute myeloid leukemia, 25 (20%) acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 19 (15%) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 10 (8%) multiple myeloma, and 8 (8%) chronic myeloid leukemia. In our study, 56 patients (22%) were diagnosed as pneumonia, 38 (15%) invasive aspergillosis, 38 (15%) sepsis, 16 (6%) typhlitis, 9 (4%) mucormycosis, and 4 (2%) urinary tract infection. Gram-positive cocci were isolated from 52% (n = 20), while Gram-negative bacilli 42% (n = 16) and yeasts from 6% (n = 2) of the sepsis patients, respectively. The most frequently isolated Gram-positive bacteria were methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 18), while the most frequently isolated Gram-negative bacteria was Escherichia coli (n = 10). Conclusions: Febrile neutropenia is still a problem in patients with hematological malignancies. The documentation of the flora and detection of causative agents of infections in each unit would help to decide appropriate empirical therapy. Infection control procedures should be applied for preventing infections and transmissions.Öğe Gastroenterit etkeni olan Campylobacter türlerinin immünokromatografi, kültür-MALDI-TOF MS ve moleküler yöntemler ile saptanması(2018) Dal, Tuba; Bacalan, Fatma; Tuncel, Elif Tuğba; Özcan, NidaCampylobacter spp. bakteriyel gastroenteritlerin (GE) önde gelen ajanlarındandır. Bu çalışmada, GE vakalarından kampilobakter türlerinin kültür ile izolasyonu, immünokromatografik testler (İKT) ve moleküler yöntemlerle tanımlanması ve izolatların in vitro antibiyotik duyarlılıklarının araştırılması amaçlandı. Çalışmaya, Aralık 2016- Ocak 2018 tarihleri arasındaki 13 aylık sürede Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastaneleri polikliniklerine ishal yakınması ile başvuran hastalara ait toplam 400 dışkı örneği dahil edildi. Örneklerde kampilobakter antijen varlığı RIDA ® QUICK Campylobacter( Biopharma, Almanya) ve CerTest (Biotec, İspanya) İKT kitleri ile, Campylobacter spp. DNA varlığı EntericBio Gastro Panel II (Serosep, İrlanda) ve BD MAX enteric bacterial panel (BD Diagnostics, ABD) ile örneklerde araştırıldı. Toplam 400 örneğin 41’i (%10.2) kültür ve/veya moleküler testlerde pozitiflik saptanarak kampilobakter GE olarak değerlendirildi. Toplam 21(%51.2) örnekte kültürde kampilobakter türleri üredi. Kültürde üreyen 21 izolatın 16 (%76.2)’sı C. jejuni, 5 (%23.8)’i C. coli olarak tanımlandı. Kampilobakter prevalansı 0-14 yaş grubunda %10.7 (24/225), 15-45 yaş aralığında %6.9 (9/131), 46 yaş üstündeki hastalarda %18.2 (8/44) olarak saptandı. İzolatlarda siprofloksasin, tetrasiklin ve eritromisin direnç oranları sırasıyla %66.7, %47.6 ve %9.5 olarak saptandı. Campylobacter spp. saptamada BD MAX EBP’nin duyarlılığı %100, özgüllüğü %96.2; EntericBio GP II’nin duyarlılığı %100, özgüllüğü %98.1 olarak bulundu. CerTest (Biotec, İspanya)’in duyarlılığı %68.3, özgüllüğü %91.6, pozitif prediktif değer (PPD) ve negatif prediktif değerleri(NPD) sırasıyla %56 ve %86 olarak saptandı. RIDA ® QUICK Campylobacter( Biopharma, Almanya) testinin duyarlılığı ve özgüllüğü sırasıyla %87.8 ve %96.1 olarak, PPD ve NPDleri %72 ve %98.6 olarak hesaplandı. Sonuç olarak tanıda kullanılan İKT’lerin kültürle doğrulanması gerekir. Yüksek özgüllük ve duyarlıkta olan moleküler sistemler ile bakteri izole edilemediği için ileri çalışma ve antibiyotik duyarlılıkları yapılamamaktadır.Öğe In vitro susceptibility to methicillin, vancomycin and linezolid of staphylococci isolated from bloodstream infections in eastern Turkey(Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia, 2014) Tekin, Alicem; Dal, Tuba; Deveci, Özcan; Tekin, Recep; Özcan, Nida; Atmaca, Selahattin; Dayan, SaimStaphylococcus species are one of the major causes of bacterial bloodstream infections. Multi-resistant staphylococci infections are major therapeutic problems. This study was aimed to detect methicillin, linezolid and vancomycin susceptibilities of Staphylococcus isolates. A total of 870 Staphylococcus strains isolated from blood cultures of hospitalized patients with BSI. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of methicillin, linezolid and vancomycin were detected according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). A total of 771 (88.6%) isolates were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). 700 (80.5%) isolates were methicillin-resistant (MR) and 170 (19.5%) were methicillin-susceptible (MS). All the MS isolates were also susceptible to linezolid. However 15 (1.7%) of MR strains were resistant to linezolid. The minimum inhibitory concentration range for the linezolid-resistant isolates by Etest was 6-32 µg/mL. The difference between linezolid susceptibilities for MS and MR staphylococci was not quite statistically significant (p = 0.052). There was no statistically significant difference between S. aureus and CoNS isolates for linezolid susceptibility. All of the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin. In conclusion, linezolid is currently an efficient option for the treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococci infections.Öğe Investigation of precore/core mutation of Hepatitis B virus with line probe immune assay method(SCI Printers & Publication INC, 2021) Özbek, Erdal; Temiz, Hakan; Özcan, Nida; Özekinci, TuncerOBJECTIVE: The expression of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) is reduced or totally inhibited as a result of mutations in the precore/core region of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome, but its clinical significance has not been yet fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate precore/core mutation in serum samples of patients followed with a chronic hepatitis B infection diagnosis and whose HBeAg was found to be negative on ELISA test. STUDY DESIGN: Among the chronic hepatitis B pa-tients followed in our hospital, serum samples of 111 patients with HBeAg negative were included in the study. In the serums of the patients whose HBV DNA were found positive with real-time PCR assay were investigated ''precore, core" mutations with the INNO-LiPA method. RESULTS: HBV DNA was detected as positive in 93 serum samples. In 42 of those 93 (45.2%) serums, pre- core/core mutations were detected. Isolated precore mu-tation in 12 cases (12.9%), isolated core mutation in 9 cases (9.7%), and both precore and core mutations in 21 cases (22.6%) were found. CONCLUSION: Mutant strains may play an important role in becoming chronic, hepato-carcinogenesis, and in the development of fulminant hepatitis or asymptomatic course. Until valid results are obtained revealing the otherwise, it must be kept in mind that there might be a risk factor of the nucleotide changes in the core re-gion associated with the activation of hepatitis B.Öğe INVESTIGATION OF SOME MICROBIAL AGENTS IN VAGINAL AND ENDOSERVIX SWAP SAMPLES OF 18 – 50 AGED WOMEN WITH VAGINAL DISCHARGE(Rojan GÜMÜŞ, 2022) İçen, Remziye; Akpolat, Nezahat; Özcan, Nida; Yakut, Salim; Çakır, Fatih; Ağaçayak, Elif; Sönmez, CemileDetecting sexually transmitted infectious agents in women by traditional methods is often troublesome. In this study, it was aimed to investigate bacterial vaginosis and vaginitis agents by culture, microscopic examination and molecular methods in women with vaginal discharge complaints. A total of 100 female patients aged 18-50 years, who applied to the Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with the complaint of vaginal discharge, were included in the study. Gram and Giemsa staining, culture and multiplex PCR processes were performed from vaginal and endocervix samples taken with sterile swabs. Gram-stained specimens were evaluated with the Nugent score; the presence of leukocytes with polymorph nuclei, Clue-Cells, and different shaped bacteria. Culture-grown agents were identified at the species level by MALDI TOF-MS. There was at least one microbial agent in 63% of the samples included in the study. According to Nugent scores, 27 specimens were determined positive, and 39 specimens had intermediate values for bacterial vaginosis(BV). Candida spp. (29%), Streptococcus agalactiae (9%) and S. aureus (3%) grew in culture while M. hominis (23%), U. urealyticum (13%), T. vaginalis (9% ) and C. trachomatis (3% ) DNAs were detected by multiplex PCR. In our study, it was determined that vaginal discharge could be caused by bacterial, fungal, and parasitic microorganisms as well as bacterial vaginosis agents. It is very difficult, laborious and necessary to determine dysbiosis and infection in the vagina which has an important microbiome. Gram staining and culture methods are insufficient for the detection of vaginal infection agents. Therefore, it would be beneficial to use molecular methods in addition.Öğe Kan kültürlerinden izole edilen Serratia spp. türlerinin diğer bakterilere oranı ve direnç profilleri(Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, 2022) Özcan, Nida; Atmaca, Selahattin; Özbek, ErdalAmaç: Serratia cinsi bakteriler, özellikle Serratia marcescens, son elli yılda önemli hastane enfeksiyonu etkenleri arasına girmiştir. Çocuk hastalar başta olmak üzere yoğun bakım ünitelerinde takip edilen hastalarda sporadik olgu veya salgınlara neden olan bu etkenler hakkında sınırlı sayıda yayın bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile kan kültürlerinde Serratia cinsi bakterilerin saptanma oranları ve antibiyotik direnç profillerinin araştı rılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 2015-2020 yılları arasında Dicle Üniversitesi Hastanesi klinikleri ve yoğun bakım ünitelerinden gönderilen kan kültürü örnekleri dahil edilmiştir. Kan kültürü örnekleri BD BACTEC FX (Becton Dickinson, ABD) sisteminde inkübe edilmiş, üreme sinyali sonrası %5 koyun kanlı agar (KKA) ve eozin metilen blue (EMB) agar besiyerine pasajlanmıştır. KKA ve EMB agar besiyerlerinde 16 -24 saat 35±2°C'de inkübasyon sonrası üreyen izolatlar MALDI Biotyper 3 (Bruker Daltonics, ABD) cihazı kullanılarak kütle spektrometrisi yöntemiyle cins ve/veya tür düzeyinde tanımlanmıştır. İzolatların antimikrobiyal duyarlılık testleri BD Phoenix 100 (Becton Dickinson, ABD) otomatize sistemi ile çalışılmıştır. Bulgular: Altı yıllık süre zarfında kan kültürlerinden izole edilen toplam 9730 etkenin 69’u (%0.7) Serratia cinsi, bunlardan 58’i S. marcescens olarak tanımlanmıştır. Serratia spp. üreyen hastaların 37’sini (%54) çocuklar, 47’sini (%68) yoğun bakım ünitelerinde yatan hastalar oluşturmuştur. İzolatların 20’sinde (%29) en az bir karbapeneme karşı direnç saptanırken Serratia türlerine karşı en etkili antibiyotiklerin sırasıyla %3, %4 ve %7 direnç oranları ile trimetoprim/sulfametoksazol, siprofloksasin ve amikasin olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç: Serratia türleri altı yıllık zaman diliminde kan kültürlerinden binde yedi oranında izole edilmiş olup izolatlarda yüksek karbapenem direnci dikkat çekmektedir.
