Hz. Ömer döneminde şûrâ uygulamaları
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Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Erzurum Kültür Eğitim Vakfı Yayınevi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
İslâm tarihinde Hz. Peygamber’den (s.a.v) sonra insanları idare etme noktasında isminden en fazla söz ettirenlerin başında Hz. Ömer gelir. Onu bu kadar başarılı kılan enönemli etkenlerden biri, şûrâyı resmi bir kurum haline getirmesidir. Allah Resûlü, vahiydışındaki diğer konularda genellikle ashâbıyla istişarede bulunmuş ve bunu ümmetinetavsiye etmiştir. Bu durum hem Hz. Ebû Bekir hem de Hz. Ömer zamanında devam etmiştir. Böylece temelleri Allah Resûlü döneminde atılan şûrâ, Hz. Ömer’in halifeliği zamanında sistemleştirilmiş ve başarılı bir şekilde uygulanmıştır. Hz. Ömer, halkı ilgilendirenkonularda en çok güvendiği kişilere danışmıştır. Halifenin hâkim görüşü, danışma meclisiolmadan yöneticiliğin meşru olamayacağı yönünde idi. İstişareye açılan bir mesele, etraflıca müzakere edilmiş ve belli bir fikir olgunluğuna eriştikten sonra yürürlüğe konulmuştur. Şûrâda genellikle çoğunluğun görüşleri doğrultusunda kararlar alınmıştır. AncakHz. Ömer, bazen ikna olduğu konularda azınlığın görüşünü kabul etmiş bazen de kendigörüşünü uygulamıştır. Çünkü şûrâda son söz halifenindir. Hz. Ömer’in çekirdek şûrâsında muhacir ve ensârın ileri gelenleri bulunmuştur. Halkın genelini ilgilendiren meselelerise Mescid-i Nebevî’de ve herkese açık bir şekilde yapılmıştır.
Umar ibn Al-Khattab has been the most mentioned figure in Islamic history of all Islamic leaders after the Beloved Prophet of Islam (PBUH). One of the factors that made him such a successful leader was his turning ‘shura’, the Arabic word for consultation, into an official institution. The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) habitually consulted with his companions on the issues other than the revelations and highly recommended this to his followers. This situation continued in both Abu Bakr and Umar ibn Al-Khattab period. However, this tradition, the foundations of which had been laid down by the Messenger of Allah himself (PBUH), was systematized and implemented successfully during the time of Umar ibn Al-Khattab, who consulted with those he trusted most on the matters of public concern. The predominant view of the caliph was that leadership was not to be regarded legitimate without an advisory council. The issues regarding the state affairs were thoroughly discussed by the council members, and only after a consensus had been reached could they be put into practice. In the council, the decisions were generally made in accordance with the opinions of the majority, despite the fact that he accepted the minority's view every now and then and implemented his own decision at other times. After all, the final decision was with the caliph himself. Parenthetically, the core members of the council were the notables from Muhajir, people of Mecca, and Ansar, people of Medina. As for the issues concerning the general public, they were publicly discussed and dealt with in the Masjid an-Nabawi.
Umar ibn Al-Khattab has been the most mentioned figure in Islamic history of all Islamic leaders after the Beloved Prophet of Islam (PBUH). One of the factors that made him such a successful leader was his turning ‘shura’, the Arabic word for consultation, into an official institution. The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) habitually consulted with his companions on the issues other than the revelations and highly recommended this to his followers. This situation continued in both Abu Bakr and Umar ibn Al-Khattab period. However, this tradition, the foundations of which had been laid down by the Messenger of Allah himself (PBUH), was systematized and implemented successfully during the time of Umar ibn Al-Khattab, who consulted with those he trusted most on the matters of public concern. The predominant view of the caliph was that leadership was not to be regarded legitimate without an advisory council. The issues regarding the state affairs were thoroughly discussed by the council members, and only after a consensus had been reached could they be put into practice. In the council, the decisions were generally made in accordance with the opinions of the majority, despite the fact that he accepted the minority's view every now and then and implemented his own decision at other times. After all, the final decision was with the caliph himself. Parenthetically, the core members of the council were the notables from Muhajir, people of Mecca, and Ansar, people of Medina. As for the issues concerning the general public, they were publicly discussed and dealt with in the Masjid an-Nabawi.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
İslam tarihi, Yönetim, Devlet idaresi, Şûrâ, İstişare, Hz. Ömer, Islamic history, Administration, State administration, Shura, Consultation, Umar ibn Al-Khattab
Kaynak
Ekev Akademi Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
24
Sayı
84
Künye
Öner, A. (2020). Hz. Ömer döneminde şûrâ uygulamaları. Ekev Akademi Dergisi, 24 (84), 1-19.
