Ahmed Cavid Bey'in müntebahat'ının kaynaklarından Enveri Tarihi'nin ikinci cildi
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Tarih
2018
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
Osmanlı Devleti’nde tarih yazıcılığı, kuruluşuna nazaran geç bir tarihte XV. yüzyılda başlamıştır. Osmanlı
Devleti’nin kuruluş dönemine ait yabancı kaynakların verdikleri bilgiler ise çok sınırlı mahiyettedirler. Bu
dönemde kaleme alınan ilk kaynaklar, devletin kuruluşundaki gaza ve cihad anlayışına uygun olarak
fetihname ve gazaname türünden eserlerdir. Devletin siyasi alandaki ilerlemesi ile beraber tarih yazıcılığında
da gelişmeler meydana gelmiştir. II. Murad devrinde yabancı dillerde (Arapça ve Farsça) yazılmış eserlerin
tercüme faaliyetleri yapılmıştır. Fatih Sultan Mehmed dönemine gelindiğinde ilk müstakil dünya ve Osmanlı
tarihlerini yazma çabalarının yanında, yarı resmî tarih yazıcılığı olan şehnameciliğin temelleri atılmıştır.
Sultan II. Bayezid’in saltanatı tarih yazıcılığında büyük ilerlemeler görülmüş ve tarih yazıcılığı artık sağlam
temellere oturtulmuştur. XVI. yüzyılda fetihname geleneğinin devamı niteliğindeki Selimname ve
Süleymannameler kaleme alınmıştır. Ayrıca Kanuni Sultan Süleyman dönemi tarih yazıcılığının bir diğer
önemli yanı ise şehnameciliğin yerleşmiş olmasıdır. XVII. yüzyıl Osmanlı tarihçiliğinde yabancı dilde ve
Türkçe dünya tarihlerinin yanında özel tarihçelerin ve monografik eserlerin miktarında da belirgin bir artış
meydana gelmiştir. XVIII. yüzyıl Osmanlı tarih yazıcılığı Divanıhümayun’daki kalemine bağlı olarak kurulan
vekāyiʻnüvisliğin oluşturulması resmî bir mahiyet almıştır.
Osmanlı Devleti’nde vekāyiʻnüvis olarak görev yapanlardan biri de Sadullah Enverî Efendi’dir. Sultan III.
Mustafa, I. Abdülhamid ve III. Selim dönemlerinde aralıklarla beş kez vekāyiʻnüvislik görevini ifa eden
Sadullah Enverî Efendi, bu hizmeti mukabilinde yedi cüz ve üç ciltten müteşekkil Enverî Tarihi isimli eserini
meydana getirmiştir.
Vekāyiʻnüvisliğin ihdası ile birlikte resmî tarih yazıcılığının yanında özel tarihçelerin de yazımı devam
etmiştir. XIX. yüzyılda özel tarihçe yazarlarından biri olan Ahmed Câvid Efendi, Müntehabat isimli eserini
kaleme almıştır. Bu eserinde H. 1032-1887/M. 1623-1774 ve H. 1187-1206/M. 1774-1791 tarihleri arasındaki
Osmanlı-Rus münasebetlerini konu edinmiştir. Müntehabat’ında Kâtip Çelebi gibi tarihçelerin yanında
vekāyiʻnüvislerin eserini de kullanmıştır. Eserinin son kısmı kendi gözlem ve bilgilerine dayanmaktadır.
Eserinin ikinci cildinde Enverî Tarihi’nin ikinci cildindeki Osmanlı-Rus münasebetlerini eklemiştir.
Bu çalışmada Ahmed Câvid Efendi’nin Sadullah Enverî Efendi’nin Enverî Tarihi’ni kaynak olarak kullanma
tarzı ele alınmıştır. Ahmed Câvid Efendi’nin Enverî Tarihi’ndeki konuların doğrudan alınanlar, kısmi ya da
kısaltılarak değiştirilenler ve özet mahiyetinde kullanılanlar tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ve böylece Osmanlı
Devleti’nde tarih yazıcılığında müelliflerin birbirlerinin eserlerinden nasıl faydalandıkları Enverî Tarihi ve
Müntehabat eserleri çerçevesinde araştırılmıştır.
Historiography in the Ottoman State was initiated in the 15th century, relatively late regarding its foundation. The information provided by the foreign sources about the foundation era of the Ottoman State is limited. In accordance with the holy-war and conquest concepts in the foundation period of the state, the first records were held in conquest-narration and holy-war-narration type. In parallel with the political improvement of the state, developments were observed also in historiography. The books in foreign (Arabic and Persian) languages were translated during the reign of Sultan Murat II. As per the period of Fatih Sultan Mehmed, besides the attempts to write independent world and Ottoman history, shehname writing came in sight, which was a semi-official historiography. Under the reign of Sultan Bayezid II, major developments were gained in historiography and it was built on strong bases. As a continuum of conquest-narration tradition, Selimnames (the historiography of the periods of Sultan Selim I) and Suleimannames (the historiography of the Sultan Suleiman period) were written in the 16th century. Moreover, another important side of the historiography under the reign of the Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent was that Shehname Writing was initiated in this period. As per the 17th century Ottoman historiography, world history writings in Turkish and foreign languages remarkably increased together with special history writings and monographs. Ottoman historiography gained an official identity in the 18th century by creation of historiographer post under the secretariat in the Imperial Council. One of the historiographers of the Ottoman State was Sadullah Enverî Efendi. Serving as the historiographer for five times with intervals under the reigns of Sultan Mustafa III, Abdülhamid I, and Selim III, Sadullah Enverî Efendi wrote his masterpiece Enverî Tarihi, which was composed of seven fascicles and three volumes. With the creation of historiographer post, together with the official historiography, special historiography continued as well. One of the special historiographers, Ahmet Câvid Efendi, wrote his Müntehabat in the 19th century. In this book, he narrated the Ottoman-Russian relations between 1623-1774 and 1774-1791. Ahmed Câvid Efendi benefited from the history of Kâtip Çelebi and works of other historiographers in his book Müntehabât. The last section of the book was composed of his own observations and knowledge. In the second volume of his work, he added Ottoman-Russian relations from the second volume of Enverî Tarihi. In this study, the style of Ahmed Câvid Efendi was examined in benefiting from the Enverî Tarihi of Sadullah Enverî Efendi, which was one of the chronicles he used. It was attempted to determine the subjects that Ahmed Cavid Efendi either quoted from Enverî Tarihi directly or with partial changes or abridgements, or included in his work as summaries. Thus, within the scope of Enverî Tarihi and Müntehabat, the method was scrutinized, by which the Ottoman historiographers utilized each other's work.
Historiography in the Ottoman State was initiated in the 15th century, relatively late regarding its foundation. The information provided by the foreign sources about the foundation era of the Ottoman State is limited. In accordance with the holy-war and conquest concepts in the foundation period of the state, the first records were held in conquest-narration and holy-war-narration type. In parallel with the political improvement of the state, developments were observed also in historiography. The books in foreign (Arabic and Persian) languages were translated during the reign of Sultan Murat II. As per the period of Fatih Sultan Mehmed, besides the attempts to write independent world and Ottoman history, shehname writing came in sight, which was a semi-official historiography. Under the reign of Sultan Bayezid II, major developments were gained in historiography and it was built on strong bases. As a continuum of conquest-narration tradition, Selimnames (the historiography of the periods of Sultan Selim I) and Suleimannames (the historiography of the Sultan Suleiman period) were written in the 16th century. Moreover, another important side of the historiography under the reign of the Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent was that Shehname Writing was initiated in this period. As per the 17th century Ottoman historiography, world history writings in Turkish and foreign languages remarkably increased together with special history writings and monographs. Ottoman historiography gained an official identity in the 18th century by creation of historiographer post under the secretariat in the Imperial Council. One of the historiographers of the Ottoman State was Sadullah Enverî Efendi. Serving as the historiographer for five times with intervals under the reigns of Sultan Mustafa III, Abdülhamid I, and Selim III, Sadullah Enverî Efendi wrote his masterpiece Enverî Tarihi, which was composed of seven fascicles and three volumes. With the creation of historiographer post, together with the official historiography, special historiography continued as well. One of the special historiographers, Ahmet Câvid Efendi, wrote his Müntehabat in the 19th century. In this book, he narrated the Ottoman-Russian relations between 1623-1774 and 1774-1791. Ahmed Câvid Efendi benefited from the history of Kâtip Çelebi and works of other historiographers in his book Müntehabât. The last section of the book was composed of his own observations and knowledge. In the second volume of his work, he added Ottoman-Russian relations from the second volume of Enverî Tarihi. In this study, the style of Ahmed Câvid Efendi was examined in benefiting from the Enverî Tarihi of Sadullah Enverî Efendi, which was one of the chronicles he used. It was attempted to determine the subjects that Ahmed Cavid Efendi either quoted from Enverî Tarihi directly or with partial changes or abridgements, or included in his work as summaries. Thus, within the scope of Enverî Tarihi and Müntehabat, the method was scrutinized, by which the Ottoman historiographers utilized each other's work.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sadullah Enverî Efendi, Ahmed Câvid Efendi, XVIII. Yüzyıl, Vekāyiʻname, Vekāyiʻnüvis, Ahmed Câvid Efendi historiography, Chronicle, Historiographer
Kaynak
Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
10
Sayı
21
Künye
Çiçek, H. (2018). Ahmed Cavid Bey'in müntebahat'ının kaynaklarından Enveri Tarihi'nin ikinci cildi. Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(21), 240-260.
