Üç kaffâl ve şâfiî mezhebine katkıları
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Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Abbâsî Devleti ile Büyük Selçuklular ve onlara bağlı hanedanlıklar döneminde İslâm kültür ve medeniyetinde derin izler bırakan önemli hadiseler gerçekleşmiştir. İlmî faaliyetlerin altın çağını yaşadığı bu dönemlerde özellikle fıkhî hareketlilik güçlü bir ivme kazanmıştır. Şâfiî mezhebi özelinde temelde aynı olmakla birlikte fakihlerin istidlâl, istinbât, tahrîc ve tercihlerinin farklı olmasından ötürü tarîkatu’l-Irâkiyyîn ve tarîkatu’l-Horasâniyyîn şeklinde iki ekol zuhur etmiştir. Bu ekoller, hicrî IV. ve V. asırlarda nakil/istikrar dönemine tevafuk etmiştir. Her bir ekolün önemli temsilcileri olarak Muhammed b. Ali (ö. 365/976), Abdullah b. Ahmed (ö. 417/1026) ve Muhammed b. Ahmed (ö. 507/1114) isimli üç “Kaffâl” dikkat çekmiştir. Hanefî mezhebinin hâkim olduğu bölgelerde Şâfiîliğin ikinci büyük mezhep konumuna gelmesinde büyük pay sahibi olan bu fakihlerin, “Ebû Bekr” ve kilitçi anlamına gelen “el-Kaffâl” gibi aynı künye ve nisbelerle anılmaları karışıklığa sebebiyet vermiştir. Binaenaleyh mevcut duruma dikkat çekmek ve konuya katkı sağlamak amacıyla bu çalışma yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak üç Kaffâl’ın Şâfiî mezhebinin istikrar ve gelişiminde çok önemli katkılar sundukları anlaşılmıştır.
During Abbasid State and Great Seljukian State and dynasties connected to them, important events, leaving profound traces in Islamic culture and civilization, happened. In these periods when scholarly activities lived their golden age, especially jurisprudential dynamism gained a powerful momentum. Particularly in the Shāfi'ī madhhab, two schools as Tarīqat al-Irāqiyyīn and Tarīqat al-Khorassaniyyīn appeared due to the faqihs’ different deductions (istidlal), revealing the meanings (istinbat), inferences (takhrij) and preferences although they were the same fundamentally. These schools coincided with the period of transmission/stability in the fourth and fifth centuries after the hijrah. The three “Qaffāls” called Muhammad b. Ali, Abdullah b. Ahmad and Muhammad b. Ahmad stood out as important representatives of each school. The fact that these jurists, who played a major role in the rise of Shāfiʿīsm to the position of the second largest sect in the regions dominated by the Hanafī madhhab, were referred to by the same titles and epithets such as "Abū Bakr" and "al-Kaffāl", which means "lock-keeper", caused confusion. Therefore, this study was carried out in order to draw attention to the current situation and to contribute to the subject. As a result, it was understood that the three Qaffāls had significant contributions to the stability and development of Shāfiʿī madhhab, development of Shafiī madhab.
During Abbasid State and Great Seljukian State and dynasties connected to them, important events, leaving profound traces in Islamic culture and civilization, happened. In these periods when scholarly activities lived their golden age, especially jurisprudential dynamism gained a powerful momentum. Particularly in the Shāfi'ī madhhab, two schools as Tarīqat al-Irāqiyyīn and Tarīqat al-Khorassaniyyīn appeared due to the faqihs’ different deductions (istidlal), revealing the meanings (istinbat), inferences (takhrij) and preferences although they were the same fundamentally. These schools coincided with the period of transmission/stability in the fourth and fifth centuries after the hijrah. The three “Qaffāls” called Muhammad b. Ali, Abdullah b. Ahmad and Muhammad b. Ahmad stood out as important representatives of each school. The fact that these jurists, who played a major role in the rise of Shāfiʿīsm to the position of the second largest sect in the regions dominated by the Hanafī madhhab, were referred to by the same titles and epithets such as "Abū Bakr" and "al-Kaffāl", which means "lock-keeper", caused confusion. Therefore, this study was carried out in order to draw attention to the current situation and to contribute to the subject. As a result, it was understood that the three Qaffāls had significant contributions to the stability and development of Shāfiʿī madhhab, development of Shafiī madhab.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
İslâm Hukuku, Şâfiî mezhebi, Ebû Bekr, Kaffâl, Mervezî, Fârikî, Islamic Law, Shāfiʿī Madhhab, Abū Bakr, Qaffāl, Marwazī, Fāriqī
Kaynak
Diyanet İlmi Dergi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
59
Sayı
1
Künye
Akay, İ. (2023). Üç kaffâl ve şâfiî mezhebine katkıları. Diyanet İlmi Dergi, 59(1), 221-250.
