Durability assessment of the basalts used in the Diyarbakr City Walls, Turkey

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dc.contributor.authorDursun, Felat
dc.contributor.authorTopal, Tamer
dc.date.accessioned2024-04-24T16:02:50Z
dc.date.available2024-04-24T16:02:50Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.departmentDicle Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractThe Diyarbakr City Walls (DCW), which were recently added to UNESCO's World Heritage List, are among the largest and one of the most impressive monuments from ancient times. The history of the DCW stretches back more than 4000 years, therefore making the extant City Walls a combination and reflection of influences of the various civilizations that settled in the region. Basalts having such different textural properties as massive and vesicular were employed as the principal material in the construction of the DCW. Like many other historical structures, the DCW are suffering from stone deterioration. A large variety of weathering forms can be observed on the basalts used in different sections of the DCW. The behavior of the basalt under different cyclic environmental conditions is not known. In this study, deterioration mechanisms of the basalts were investigated with field and laboratory studies. It is found that iddingsite is a common weathering product developed through the crystal boundaries of olivine. Accelerated weathering tests show that salt crystallization is the most effective deterioration mechanism. The field and laboratory studies indicate that both massive and vesicular basalts are durable; however, the massive basalts are more durable than the vesicular ones. It is also observed that although chemical processes slightly trigger the deterioration mechanisms of the rocks, most of the weathering forms on the DCW are controlled by the physical factors affecting the parameters of the basalts such as porosity, water absorption and uniaxial compressive strength.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipMiddle East Technical University Research Fund [BAP-03-09-2014-02]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors are grateful to the Middle East Technical University Research Fund (Project No: BAP-03-09-2014-02) for their financial support and to the Getty Conservation Institute (GCI) for giving us the opportunity to use their laboratories in Los Angeles (USA). Finally, the authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their highly valuable suggestions and comments on the earlier version of this article.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s12665-019-8466-y
dc.identifier.issn1866-6280
dc.identifier.issn1866-6299
dc.identifier.issue15en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85069465011
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8466-y
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11468/14932
dc.identifier.volume78en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000476758000002
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSpringeren_US
dc.relation.ispartofEnvironmental Earth Sciences
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectBasalten_US
dc.subjectCity Wallsen_US
dc.subjectDurabilityen_US
dc.subjectPhysico-Mechanical Propertiesen_US
dc.subjectDiyarbakren_US
dc.subjectTurkeyen_US
dc.titleDurability assessment of the basalts used in the Diyarbakr City Walls, Turkeyen_US
dc.titleDurability assessment of the basalts used in the Diyarbakr City Walls, Turkey
dc.typeArticleen_US

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