Zannın mahiyeti delil ve amelî değeri
Yükleniyor...
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
İslâm fıkhında zan, hem usûlün hem de fürû‛un konusudur. Usûlde zan, delil içerdiği hükmünkaynağı olması açısından, fürû’da ise kaynağını teşkil ettiği hükümlere etkisi açısındanincelenmektedir. İslam fıkhında bilginin, şerʽî hükmün kaynağı sayılabilmesi için bazı şartlarıtaşıması gerekir. Buna göre itikâdî hükme konu olabilmesi için bilgi, hem sübût hem de delaletaçısından kesin olmalıdır. Amelî hükümlerde ise kesinlik derecesine ulaşmamış bilgi olarak zannîbilgi yeterlidir. Ancak bu zan, salt bir şüphe halinden ibaret olmayan, mükellefte bir kanaatoluşturan ve bazı fakihlerin zann-ı galib diye tabir ettikleri bir bilgi düzeyini ifade etmektedir.Birden fazla anlama gelen bir kelime olması ve tüm anlamlarıyla âyet ve hadislerde geçmesi gibisebeplerle zannın bilgi ve delil olma değeri konularında fakihlerin bakış açısından kaynaklananihtilaflar meydana gelmiştir. Zannî bilginin hücciyeti meselesinde biri hükmün kaynağı olduğunukabul eden, diğeri hükümlere kaynak teşkil etmediğini savunan iki görüş ortaya çıkmıştır. Fakattarihsel süreç içerisinde zan içeren bilginin de şerʽî hükmün kaynağı olabileceği görüşü ağırlıkkazanmıştır. Zan, müçtehid seviyesinde olan bir âlim ile mukallid mükellefler için farklı hükümleriçermektedir. Bu farklı hükümler zannî bilginin oluşumunda da zannî bilgi ile amel etmekonusunda da görülebilmektedir. Bu bilgilerden hareketle çalışmamızda önce zan kavramınınmahiyeti ve zannî bilginin kaynak değeri hakkında genel bilgiler verilmiştir. Elde edilen bilgilerışığında zan içeren bir bilginin hükümlere etkisi ele alınmış, müçtehid kişiye mahsus zanhakkındaki hükümler ile normal bir bilgi seviyesine sahip herhangi bir mükellef için geçerli olanzanna ilişkin hükümler farklı başlıklarda değerlendirilmiştir.
In Islamic jurisprudence, assumption is the subject of both usul and furu. In the usûl, the assumption is examined in terms of being the source of the judgment that it has evidence, and in furû in terms of its effect on the judgements it originates from. A knowledge obtained in Islamic jurisprudence must fulfill certain conditions in order to be considered the source of religious decree. Accordingly, a knowledge containing a belief judgment must be precise both in terms of substance and signification. As for the behavioral judgements, supposed knowledge, which means information that has not reached the degree of certainty of the obliged, is sufficient. However, this assumption expresses a level of knowledge that is not merely a state of doubt, that constitutes an opinion on the obliged party, and which some scholars call the alzanu alghalıb. Due to the fact that it is a word with more than one meaning and is mentioned in all its meanings in verses and hadiths, disputes have arisen regarding the value of assumption as knowledge and evidence. As regards the evidentiary value of imaginary knowledge, two views have emerged, one accepting that it is the source of the judgment and the other arguing that it does not constitute a source for the judgements. However, in the historical process, the opinion that the knowledge containing assumption is the source of the religious judgment has gained importance. Assumption contains different judgements for a mujtahid scholar and mukallid. These different judegements appear in the formation of imaginary knowledge and in acting with imaginary knowledge. Based on this information, first of all, general information about the nature of the concept of assumption and the source value of imaginary information is discussed. With the information obtained, the effect of a assumption on the judgements has been discussed. The judgements on the assumption pertaining to the power of the person and the judgements on the presumption that apply to any mukallaf with a normal level of knowledge have been evaluated under different headings.
In Islamic jurisprudence, assumption is the subject of both usul and furu. In the usûl, the assumption is examined in terms of being the source of the judgment that it has evidence, and in furû in terms of its effect on the judgements it originates from. A knowledge obtained in Islamic jurisprudence must fulfill certain conditions in order to be considered the source of religious decree. Accordingly, a knowledge containing a belief judgment must be precise both in terms of substance and signification. As for the behavioral judgements, supposed knowledge, which means information that has not reached the degree of certainty of the obliged, is sufficient. However, this assumption expresses a level of knowledge that is not merely a state of doubt, that constitutes an opinion on the obliged party, and which some scholars call the alzanu alghalıb. Due to the fact that it is a word with more than one meaning and is mentioned in all its meanings in verses and hadiths, disputes have arisen regarding the value of assumption as knowledge and evidence. As regards the evidentiary value of imaginary knowledge, two views have emerged, one accepting that it is the source of the judgment and the other arguing that it does not constitute a source for the judgements. However, in the historical process, the opinion that the knowledge containing assumption is the source of the religious judgment has gained importance. Assumption contains different judgements for a mujtahid scholar and mukallid. These different judegements appear in the formation of imaginary knowledge and in acting with imaginary knowledge. Based on this information, first of all, general information about the nature of the concept of assumption and the source value of imaginary information is discussed. With the information obtained, the effect of a assumption on the judgements has been discussed. The judgements on the assumption pertaining to the power of the person and the judgements on the presumption that apply to any mukallaf with a normal level of knowledge have been evaluated under different headings.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
İlim, Zann, Yakîn, Amel, Hüküm, Delil, Knowledge, Assumption, Certainty, Act, Judgment, Evidence
Kaynak
İHYA Uluslararası İslam Araştırmaları Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
7
Sayı
1
Künye
Bayar, M. (2021). Zannın mahiyeti delil ve amelî değeri. İHYA Uluslararası İslam Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1), 203-224.
