Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Makaleler

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Effects of various soil tillage and herbicide applications on yield and weeds in chickpea production
(Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, 2024) Bayram, Leyla; Gürsoy, Songül; Özaslan, Cumali
The effects of various tillage methods and herbicide applications on crop yield and broadleaf weeds in chickpea production were investigated. For this reason, a 3-year (2020-21, 2021-22, and 2022-23 chickpea growing season) field experiment was conducted in Diyarbakır region, Türkiye. The experiments were laid out in split-plot design with three replications, in which tillage methods [moldboard plow+cultivator (MP+C), disc harrow+cultivator (DH+C) and cultivator (C)] were main plots, and herbicide applications [pre-emergence (Pre), post-emergence (Post), pre-emergence+post-emergence (Pre+Post), Weed-free check, weedy check] were sub-plots. The higher grain yield was observed under MP+C than DH+C and C treatments although the difference among tillage treatments was not significant in the 2020-21 and 2022-23 production seasons. Among the herbicide applications, the highest grain yield was found at the pre-emergence herbicide treatment following the weed-free check plots. When the treatments were evaluated in terms of their effects on weed observations, it was observed that tillage with moldboard plow and pre-emergence herbicide application were more effective in controlling weeds.
Sıcak ve kurak stresli sezonda arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotiplerinin performansları: I verim ve kalite değişimleri
(2023) Doğan, Vesile; Yıldırım, Mehmet
Bu çalışmada, farklı kökenli arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotiplerinin sıcak ve kurak stresli yetiştirme sezonundaki performanslarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, 2020-2021 yetiştirme sezonunda Diyarbakır koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Toplamda 16 farklı arpa genotipi kullanılmıştır. Genotipler, morfolojik, fenolojik, agronomik ve kalite özellikleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, incelenen özellikler yönünden genotipler arasında önemli farklılıkların olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Özellikle, yerel çeşitlerin ticari çeşitlere göre daha yüksek verim ve kalite özelliklerine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Verim ve biyolojik verim, bitki boyu ve bin dane ağırlığı ile olumlu korelasyona sahiptir. Bu durum, bu iki özelliğin adaptasyon yeteneği yüksek olan arpa genotiplerinin belirlenmesinde kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. Yüksek sıcaklık ve kuraklık tane verimini biyolojik verime göre daha fazla etkilemiş ve düşük hasat indeksi değerleri elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, yerel arpa çeşitlerinin modern çeşitlere göre avantajlı olduğunu ve ıslah çalışmalarında kullanımının faydalı olabileceğini ortaya koymuştur. Islah programlarında genel tane verimini artırmak için yüksek sıcaklıklara ve kuraklık koşullarına karşı daha toleranslı arpa genotipleri geliştirmeye odaklanılması gerekmektedir. Araştırma ayrıca, arpa üretiminde verimliliği ve sürdürülebilirliği en üst düzeye çıkarmak için tarımsal uygulamalarda yerel çeşitlerin kullanılmasının önemini ortaya koymaktadır.
Existence and blow up of solutions of a viscoelastic m(x)-biharmonic equation with logarithmic source term
(University of Miskolc, 2024) Butakın, Gülistan; Pişkin, Erhan
In this paper, we are concerned with a logarithmic nonlinear viscoelastic m(x)-biharmonic equation. Firstly, we proved the local existence of solutions by using the Faedo-Galerkin method. Later, we proved the blow up of solutions by using the concavity method.
Sustainable use of waste hazelnut shell ash in road construction to stabilize expansive subgrade
(Elsevier Ltd., 2024) Tanyıldızı, Muhammed; Nasıroğlu, Sema; Zeybek, Abdulhakim; Gökalp, İslam
Expansive (shrinkage-swelling) soils tend to suffer significant volume changes with fluctuations in moisture content. The volume instability of expansive soils causes considerable damage to the road pavements, resulting in significant economic losses. This study examines the usage of waste hazelnut shell ash (WHSA) as an alternative sustainable stabilizer to improve the geotechnical properties of expansive road subgrade soils. For this purpose, WHSA was added to expansive soil specimens prepared at ratios of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% by dry weight of the soil. Consistency limit, swell-shrink, compaction, unconfined compression strength (UCS), California Bearing Ratio (CBR), direct shear, fall cone, consolidation, and wetting-drying experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of WHSA on the physical, mechanical, and durability characteristics of expansive soil. The experimental results indicated that the addition of WHSA caused a reduction in the UCS and the undrained shear strength of the soil. On the other hand, the UCS of specimens containing WHSA appeared to steadily increase after they were cured for various periods ranging from 7 to 90 days. A significant reduction was observed in the plasticity and swell-shrink potential when WHSA increased from 0% to 10%. The CBR of the soil increased from 2.47% to 16.71% by adding 10% WHSA, indicating that the thickness of the subbase layer can be reduced by approximately 55%. The cohesion of the soil appeared to decrease, whereas the international friction angle increased. A considerable improvement was achieved in the wetting-drying performance of the soil by increasing the WHSA content. Moreover, the consolidation-induced settlement was reduced up to a certain WHSA ratio. These results show that the WHSA can be a reliable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective alternative material for the stabilization of expansive road subgrade soils.
Robust PI-PD controller design: Industrial simulation case studies and a real-time application
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Alyoussef, Fadi; Kaya, İbrahim; Akrad, Ahmad
PI-PD controllers have superior performance compared to traditional PID controllers, especially for controlling unstable and integrating industrial processes with time delays. However, computing the four tuning parameters of this type of controller is not an easy task. Recently, there has been significant interest in determining the tuning rules for PI-PD controllers that utilize the stability region. Currently, most tuning rules for the PI-PD controller are presented graphically, which can be time-consuming and act as a barrier to their industrial application. There is a lack of analytical tuning guidelines in the literature to address this shortfall. However, the existing analytical tuning guidelines do not consider a rigorous design approach. This work proposes new robust analytical tuning criteria based on predefined gain and phase margin bounds, as well as the centroid of the stability region. The proposed method has been tested using various simulation studies related to a DC–DC buck converter, a DC motor, and a heat exchanger. The results indicate that the proposed tuning rules exhibit strong performance against parameter uncertainty with minimal overshoots. Furthermore, the suggested technique for simultaneous control of yaw and pitch angles has been tested in a real-time application using the twin rotor multi-input multi-output system (TRMS). Real-time results indicate that, compared to other methods under investigation, the suggested approach provides nearly minimal overshoots.
Histopathological, antioxidant, and enzyme activity of boronic incorporated catechin compound: Screening of bioactivity with molecular docking studies
(Pleiades Publishing, 2024) Paşa, Salih; Atlan, Metin; Temel, Hamdi; Türkmenoğlu, Burçin; Ertaş, Abdulselam; Okan, Aslı; Yılmaz, Seher; Ateş, Şükrü
Abstract: Objective: Boron structures play a crucial role in biological treatments due to their unique chemical properties. They are used in pharmaceuticals for their potential as enzyme inhibitors and as anti-inflammatory agents. Boron-containing compounds are also explored in drug delivery systems, leveraging their ability to cross cell membranes effectively. Additionally, boron-based materials are studied for their applications in biomaterials, such as wound healing and tissue engineering, highlighting their diverse applications in biological treatments. Methods: The study aims to elucidate the biological properties of catechin, a natural phenolic compound, by modifying it with phenylboronic acid. The Catechin-based boronic compound (CBC) was synthesized. The antioxidant and enzyme activity were studied. Histopathological experiments to vital organs and molecular docking studies were also conducted. Results and Discussion: The (CBC) showed meaningful antioxidant and enzyme activity when compared to standards. The effect of the (CBC) on tissues was demonstrated by in vivo experiments. Histopathological evaluation of vital organs in male Sprague Dawley rats was demonstrated by Hematoxylin–Eosin staining. The study has supported the antioxidant property of (CBC), also has a natural origin based on its structure. Besides, the antiurease and antityrosinase activities of catechin were tested for the first time. Furthermore, in silico approaches also supported the acceptable biological activity results that were experimentally examined. The interactions of AChE, BChE, urease, and tyrosinase enzymes with the (CBC) were investigated theoretically via molecular docking, and the binding parameter values were also shared. The (CBC) demonstrated radical scavenging activity. The in vivo experiments on rats were carried out and the (CBC) showed no negative effects on the vital organs. It was seen that the experimental results were in good agreement with the theoretical calculations. Conclusions: The analysis of the crystal structures of AChE, BChE, urease, and tyrosinase enzymes in relation to the compound (CBC) yielded striking results, highlighting the compound’s promising potential as a therapeutic agent.
Adsorptive performance of new Mn-Fe@activated carbon magnetic nanohybrid material synthesized from black cumin (Nigella sativa) industrial processing wastes for lead removal
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Teymur, Yekbun Avşar; Güzel, Fuat; Koyuncu, Filiz
In this study, the adsorptive property of a novel manganese ferrite-activated carbon magnetic nanohybrid (Mn-Fe@BAC) material synthesized by coating with manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) nanoparticles of activated carbon (BAC) produced under optimized carbonization conditions with potassium carbonate activation method from industrially processed black cumin (Nigella sativa) waste was used as an adsorbent in remediation of artificially contaminated water with lead (II) ions (Pb2+). Experiments were performed to examine the systematic effects of process parameters such as synthesized material amount, initial Pb2+ ion concentration, interaction time, and system temperature on the investigated adsorption system at the pH (5.06) of Pb2+ in an aqueous solution. Experimental kinetic and equilibrium isotherm data were analyzed in commonly used models and were well-fitted by pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, respectively. The kinetic sorption mechanism was found to occur in multiple steps. The maximum Pb2+ adsorbing ability of the Mn-Fe@BAC was 294 mg/g at 20 °C. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the process was spontaneous and exothermic. In addition, it showed reuse stability up to four adsorption–desorption cycles for Pb2+ ions. In conclusion, this study highlights that it is an ultra-effective adsorbent that can be easily separated magnetically in the remediation of water contaminated with Pb2+ ions.
Osmanlı dönemi han ve kervansaray yapılarında avlu üzerine bir inceleme Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi örneği
(2023) Ateş, Dilan Kakdaş; Oğuz, Gülin Payaslı
Avlu; konut mimarisinden başlayarak anıtsal yapı mimarisine kadar kendini gösteren bir terimdir. Ortak toplanma ihtiyacı, sosyal mekân gereksinimi, güvenlikli açık alan kavramları avlu oluşumunun temelini oluşturmaktadır. Milattan önceki dönemlerin kent planlarında kendini gösteren avlu kavramı tüm dönemlerde olduğu gibi Osmanlı devleti döneminde de önemini korumuştur. Anadolu’da hüküm süren Osmanlı devleti inşa ettiği yapılarda avlu kavramını plan düzeninde kullanarak ön plana çıkarmıştır. Selçuklu Devletinden sonra kervansaray geleneğini devam ettiren Osmanlı devleti Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesinde de avlunun ön planda olduğu eserler bırakmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında; Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde yer alan Osmanlı dönemi han ve kervansaray yapılarının avlu tipi incelenmiştir. Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesinde yapılan alan çalışmasında tüm han ve kervansaray yapıları yerinde tespit edilmiştir. Tespit edilen yapılardan planlarına ulaşılamayanların rölövesi alınarak plan çizimi dijital ortamda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tespit edilen yapılar dönemlerine göre ayrılmıştır. Dönem analizi yapılan yapıların Osmanlı döneminde yoğunlaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesi için literatürde bu kapsamda bir çalışma yapılmadığı görülmüştür. Tespit edilen yapılardan Osmanlı dönemine ait olan yapıların avlu-plan ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Avlu tipine göre yapılar; avlusuz, tek avlulu ve çok avlulu olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Avlusuz yapılar da Sahınlı/Sahınlı-bitişik olarak ayrılmıştır. Osmanlı dönemine göre avlu biçiminde görülen farklılıklar ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı; güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesinde gelişen han ve kervansaray mimarisinin avlu tipini dönemine göre ortaya koymaktır. Bu sayede Selçukludan Osmanlıya uzanan kervansaray/han mimarisinin bölgede nasıl şekillendiği tespit edilmek istenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; Osmanlı devleti döneminde şehirleşme artmıştır. Şehirleşme hareketi ile parsel boyutları değişmiştir. Bu değişim Midyat Hayvan Han örneğinde görülmüştür. Kapalı plan tipi örnekleri Diyarbakır ve Şanlıurfa’da yoğunlaştığı için bu bölgelerden örnek yapılar seçilerek plan ölçeğinde inceleme yapılmıştır. Yine çok avlulu örneklere bakıldığında ise güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesinde sadece iki yapıda çok avlulu tip tespit edilmiştir. Gaziantep Anadolu Han ve Diyarbakır Çifte han örneklerinde iki avlulu sistem bulunmaktadır. Günümüzde Çifte han örneğinin ikinci avlusu yıkımdan dolayı detaylı olarak incelenememiştir.
Microwave-assisted synthesis, characterization, and oxytetracycline antibiotic sorption performance of a novel magnetic nanohybrid material: MnFe2O4@black cumin solid waste-derived activated carbon
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Teymur, Yekbun Avşar; Güzel, Fuat
Using waste resources to synthesize functional materials without polluting the environment is important for sustainable life and development. In the present study, a novel magnetically separable activated carbon nanohybrid (MnFe2O4@BAC) was produced by using the microwave-assisted chemical co-precipitation method of industrially processed black cumin solid waste-derived activated carbon (BAC) and manganese ferrite nanoparticles (MnFe2O4). It was characterized by VSM, XRD, Raman, BET, SEM-EDX, FTIR, Boehm titration, and pHPZC analysis techniques. Spinel MnFe2O4 nanoparticles significantly affected the pore properties of BAC. MnFe2O4@BAC exhibited a saturation magnetization property of 14.6 emu/g. Also, the optimal sorption conditions of oxytetracycline (OTC), which was chosen as a model to test the antibiotic sorption ability from water, were decided according to the optimum influences of operational variables. The kinetic and isotherm results best described the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, respectively. The maximum OTC sorption ability of MnFe2O4@BAC was determined as 591.7 mg/g under specified optimal sorption conditions. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated to show that the sorption is spontaneous volitional and endothermic. The spent MnFe2O4@BAC was accumulated after sorption using an external magnetic field for subsequent reuse and showed excellent reusability stability. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
Existence, decay, and blow-up of solutions for a weighted m -biharmonic equation with nonlinear damping and source terms
(Hindawi Ltd, 2024) Fidan, Ayşe; Pişkin, Erhan; Çelik, Ercan
In this paper, we consider the weighted m-biharmonic equation with nonlinear damping and source terms. We proved the global existence of solutions. Later, the decay of the energy is established by using Nakao's inequality. Finally, we proved the blow-up of solutions in finite time.
Low formaldehyde-emission particleboards with the addition of Scots pine wood waste derived activated carbon
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Ergün, Mehmet Emin; İstek, Abdullah; Özlüsoylu, İsmail; Koyuncu, Filiz; Bülbül, Şaban
Free formaldehyde released after particleboard production poses significant risks to human and environmental health. This study investigated the impact of adding activated carbon produced from pine wood waste to particleboard on formaldehyde emissions to lessen this risk. In the first stage of the study, pine wood waste was activated with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) at 600 degrees C for 90 min to produce activated carbon. The activated carbon was examined by scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetric analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. BET surface area of the produced activated carbon was 1102 m2/g. In the second stage of the study, activated carbons (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) were added to a commercially preferred three-layer particleboard to enhance its mechanical, thermal and physical properties. In addition, the effects of the activated carbon on the free formaldehyde emissions of particleboard at 0 and 6 months were investigated. It was found that the free formaldehyde emissions of particleboards with activated carbon addition decreased by 24% at 0 months- and 6 months by 27% compared to the control group. Thus, waste material that has become a more valuable product as activated carbon will minimize harm to the environment and humans.
Connections between various subclasses of planar harmonic mappings involving Mittag-Leffler functions
(Springer Heidelberg, 2024) Taşar, Naci; Sakar, Fethiye Müge; Frasin, Basem Aref
In this existing paper, we examine a connection between certain class of harmonic univalent functions with starlike and convex harmonic functions define in the open unit disk by applying the convolution operator defined by Mittag-Leffler function. Several corollaries and consequences of the main results are also obtained.
Metabolomics Approach to Explore Bioactive Natural Products Derived From Plant-Root-Associated Streptomyces
(Springer, 2024) Kum, Ekrem; Ince, Ebru
Streptomyces, a prominent genus within the Actinomycetota phylum, is responsible for over 60% of clinically relevant antibiotics. Streptomyces strains inhabiting plant roots possess the potential to synthesize bioactive natural products, conferring defense and resilience to plants against pathogenic microorganisms. However, this potential remains largely unexplored. This study aims to screen for bioactive metabolites produced by Streptomyces strains in the plant rhizosphere. Six Streptomyces isolates were cultivated using three modified media to induce the production of diverse metabolites, employing the One Strain Many Compounds (OSMAC) approach. The metabolites present in extracts from fermentation broths were examined through a non-targeted Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach coupled with Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS MN). The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was assessed using the disc diffusion method. The strains demonstrated a wide-ranging antimicrobial efficacy against all examined organisms. The GNPS molecular network analyses reveal that metabolite profiles in extracts can exhibit variations based on the medium and solvent system employed. Notably, the ethyl acetate and dichloromethane extracts from Streptomyces sp. CAH29, cultivated in Glucose-Yeast Extract Medium (GYM), exhibited inhibition diameters of up to 30 mm against both Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Within the metabolomes of these strains, the antibiotics spiramycin and actinomycin were detected. Additionally, lyngbatoxin, a tumor promoter, and potential new analogs were identified. Significantly, a considerable portion of the produced metabolites did not align with any known compounds, indicating the existence of unidentified metabolites generated by these strains. This suggests the possibility of introducing novel chemical entities. Our study illustrated that Streptomyces strains associated with plant roots could be considered a valuable source of bioactive secondary metabolites. Furthermore, the metabolomics approach utilized in this study serves as a rapid and valuable tool for the screening of microorganisms capable of producing bioactive metabolites.
Enhanced opto-electronic properties of Bi:CuO/n-Si heterojunctions for photodetector applications
(Polska Akademia Nauk, 2024) Sütçü, G.; Yi̇ği̇t Gezgi̇n, Serap; Baturay, Şilan; Kılıç, Hamdi Şükür
An effective photodetector based on a family of p-type semiconductors with unique properties is still required by current trends in optoelectronics. The purpose of this study is to enhance the performance of p-type copper oxide films by doping them with bismuth. The pure copper oxide films were successfully fabricated with 1, 2, and 3 wt% of Bi by the spin coating method in an air atmosphere. Advanced techniques were used to describe the fabricated non-doped and Bi-doped CuO films to understand their structural, topological, and optical characteristics. X-ray diffraction patterns of non-doped and Bi-doped CuO films have demonstrated that they have polycrystalline structures, with a preference for growth in both (−111) and (200) orientations. Copper oxide film with 2% Bi doping exhibited the most uniform particle size distribution compared to others. While 3% Bi-doped CuO thin film exhibits the highest photon absorption, 2% Bi-doped CuO thin film transmits more photons. The direct band gaps of the non-doped and Bi-doped CuO samples were found between 1.77 and 1.94 eV. Copper oxide thin film with 2% Bi has the lowest refractive index. While the 2% Bi-doped CuO heterojunction photodetector shows the highest photosensitivity, responsivity, and detectivity, its rise and time are the lowest. Since 2% Bi-doped CuO film has a good crystal structure, large crystalline size, low particle boundary numbers, and a more homogeneous particle size distribution, the number of traps and defects in this thin film is low, and the recombination of charge carriers is limited. Thus, this thin-film-based heterojunction exhibited the best photodetector property, and the results of this work give a way to create effective photodetectors and adjust their performance over a broad range.
A new dynamic sliding mode controller with disturbance observer for controlling integrating processes with time delay
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Alyoussef, Fadi; Kaya, İbrahim
This paper suggests a new dynamic sliding mode controller incorporating a disturbance observer for controlling integrating processes with time delay. Here, a new reaching law has been introduced to expedite the system response without evoking chattering. The convergence of this law is also studied. Additionally, the whole system stability is proved using the Lyapunov stability theory. This paper also proposes a new disturbance observer to improve the disturbance rejection and to help suppress chattering further. The suggested observer has only one parameter to be designed. Therefore, this observer can easily be implemented. Several simulation examples and a real-time application are considered to prove the superiority of the suggested controller over the reported controllers in the literature.
Use of new nanoporous carbon produced from Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) industrial processing waste to remove anionic and cationic dyes
(Bellwether Publishing, Ltd., 2021) Koyuncu, Filiz; Güzel, Fuat
The present study is concerned with the use of a novel nanoporous carbon material (MNC) produced from mandarin (Citrus reticulata) industrial processing waste (MW) for the removal of textile dyes as cationic dye, methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye, metanil yellow (MY), from the aqueous solution. The adsorption mechanisms were examined by SEM and FT-IR analysis. For two dyes, the kinetics was well described by the pseudo-second-order model, whereas the isotherms were all best-fitted by the Langmuir model, and the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity for MB and MY dyes were 313 and 455 mg g−1, respectively.
Well-posedness and blow-up of solutions for a variable exponent nonlinear petrovsky equation
(Hindawi Limited, 2023) Yılmaz, Nebi; Pişkin, Erhan; Çelik, Ercan
In this article, we investigate a nonlinear Petrovsky equation with variable exponent and damping terms. First, we establish the local existence using the Faedo-Galerkin approximation method under the conditions of positive initial energy and appropriate constraints on the variable exponents p⋅ and q⋅. Finally, we prove a finite-time blow-up result for negative initial energy.
Investigation of isotherm and thermodynamic parameters of adsorption of copper (II) ions in aqueous solution with natural mixed type Siirt clay (NMTSC-2) and new (second) linear equation derived from Harkins–Jura isotherm
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Onursal, Nilgün; Dal, Mehmet Can
In this study, it was aimed to remove Cu (II) ions from the aqueous solution by Natural Mixed Type Siirt Clay (NMTSC-2) from the aqueous solution. NMTSC-2 (clay containing chlorite, montmorillonite, vermiculite, muscovite, kaolinite and illite) was characterized by analysis methods of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), Fourier transform infrared, (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM-EDS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The data obtained as a result of the experimental studies were applied to the Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, Elovich and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R), Harkins–Jura adsorption isotherms. In the study, a new linear equation was derived from the Harkins–Jura model. The new form was applied to the NMTSC-2 adsorption experiment of Cu (II), the obtained constants and the plots were given in the study. In order to compare the models, the results were subjected to regression analysis. The new linear equation was found to be the most suitable model for the experimental data. The Langmuir model was the second most compatible with the experimental data. In adsorption experiments were performed at 298, 308 and 318 K temperatures, Cu (II) ion q m values were found as 21.146, 25.380 and 29.850 mg g−1, respectively. Thermodynamic data for 298,308 and 318 K temperatures were found as ΔG = − 24.394, − 33.724 and − 43.054 kJ mol−1 ΔH = 53.039 kJ mol−1, ΔS = 0.181 kJ mol−1 K−1.
The effect of temperature and relative humidity on milk yield of holstein dairy cattle raised in agricultural enterprises under different climatic conditions
(Gültekin Özdemir, 2022) Gelir, Gökhan; Tatar, Ali Murat
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of air temperature and relative humidity on milk yield of the Holstein dairy cattle raised in Agricultural Enterprises under different climatic conditions in Turkey (Çukurova, Polatlı and Türkgeldi) and to examine the differences between the enterprises. Records of milk yield on the test day for the years 2014-2020 obtained from the General Directorate of Agricultural Enterprises (TİGEM) were utilised in the study. The data set related to milk yields included the number of Holstein cows, data on different lactation orders, control records of milk yield and information of the animals for some environmental factors. In the study, values of four temperature-humidity indices (THI) consisting of different combinations of daily maximum and minimum temperature and humidity values were examined in order to assess the effect of temperature stress on milk yield. Consequently, the difference between the enterprises in terms of the combinations of the temperature-humidity index was found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). The THI value calculated for the agricultural enterprises varied between 10 and 102. It was determined that dairy cattle were exposed to heat stress between May and November in Türkgeldi and Polatlı Agricultural Enterprises in the cold climate zone and between April and July in Çukurova Agricultural Enterprises in the temperate climate zone. While the THI value with low humidity weight was the optimal indicator in a humid climate, the THI value with high-temperature weight was the best indicator of heat stress in a semi-arid climate.
Diyarbakır’da bulunan Pipistrellus kuhlii (Kuhl, 1817) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) türünün morfolojik ve karyolojik özellikleri
(Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, 2022) Karakoyun, Zozan; Coşkun, Yüksel
Diyarbakır'ın Eğil yöresinden farklı iki lokaliteden toplanan 11 (10♀♀, 1♂♂) Pipistrellus kuhlii örneğinin morfolojik ve karyolojik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Morfolojik karakterler, ölçüler ve karyolojik özellikler daha önce yayınlanmış çalışmalarla karşılaştırılmıştır. Diploid kromozom sayısı 2n = 44, kromozom kol sayısı NF = 54 ve otozomal kromozom kol sayısı NFa =50'dir. X kromozomu orta büyüklükte metasentrik, Y kromozomu nokta şeklinde olup, son akrosentrik kromozom çiftlerinden daha küçüktür. Bu karşılaştırmalı çalışma sonucunda, tragus ve üst diş özellikleri dışında diğer morfolojik ve karyolojik özellikler Türkiye'deki Pipistrellus kuhlii özelliklerine sahiptir.

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