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    Bioguided Isolation of Secondary Metabolites fromSalvia cerino-pruinosa Rech. f. var. cerino-pruinosa
    (2021) Kolak, Ufuk; Ertas, Abdulselam; Firat, Mehmet; Cakirca, Hatice; Topcu, Gulacti; Yener, Ismail; Akdeniz, Mehmet
    In the current study, the ethanol extracts prepared from the aerial parts and roots of an endemicspecies, Salvia cerino-pruinosa Rech. f. var. cerino-pruinosa were fractionated on silica gel columns and testedfor determination of their antioxidant activity using DPPH free radical and ABTS cation radical scavenging, andcupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) test assays. Twenty known secondary metabolites were isolatedfrom the active antioxidant fractions; rosmarinic acid (1), chlorogenic acid (2), caffeic acid (3), 4- hydroxybenzoic acid (4), benzoic acid (5), luteolin 7-O-glucoside (6), bis-(2-ethylhexyl)benzene-1,2- dicarboxylate (7), salvianolic acid A (8), salvianolic acid B (9), 7-acetylroyleanone (10), 6,7-dehydroroyleanone(11), ferruginol (12), inuroyleanol (13), 12-hydroxy-6,7-secoabieta-8,11,13-triene-6,7-dial (14), ursolic acid(15), oleanolic acid (16), taraxasterol (17), lupenone (18), ?-sitosterol (19), and stigmasterol (20). Rosmarinicacid, which was obtained from the aerial parts, was found to be the best antioxidant compound among theisolated secondary metabolites in DPPH free radical and ABTS cation radical scavenging, and CUPRAC assays(IC50: 1.20±0.04 ?g/mL, IC50: 1.74±0.06 ?g/mL, A0.5: 1.22±0.02 ?g/mL, respectively). Chlorogenic and caffeicacids, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, salvianolic acids A and B, and inuroyleanol exhibited also high antioxidantactivity in the mentioned assays.
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    Biological and Chemical Comparison of Natural and CultivatedSamples of Satureja macrantha C.A.Mey.
    (2021) Akdeniz, Mehmet; Hasimi, Nesrin; Ertas, Abdulselam; Oksuz, Sevil; Demirkoz, Asli Barla; Resitoglu, Baris; Yener, Ismail
    In this study, investigation on the essential oils and ethanol extracts of naturally grown and cultivatedSatureja macrantha samples were reported. The essential oil, flavour and terpenoid-steroid-flavonoid contents of S.macrantha samples were determined by GC-MS and their phenolic contents by LC-MS/MS. Besides, the biologicalactivities of the samples were investigated for their antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer, antimicrobial, cytotoxic,antityrosinase, antiurease, antielastase and anticollagenase properties. The phenolic content and antioxidant capacityof the cultivated sample were higher than those of the naturally grown sample. According to the GC-MS results,terpinene-4-ol (30.9%) and p-cymene (56.7%) were determined as the major components in the essential oils of thenaturally grown and cultivated S. macrantha, respectively. The flavour analysis results showed that cis-sabinenehydrate (20.7%) and carvacrol (42.2%) were found to be the major components in the naturally grown and cultivatedsamples, respectively. While the naturally grown sample was rich in abietane diterpenoids (ferruginol (17.5 mganalyte/g extract) and sugiol (4.2 mg analyte/g extract)), these components were not detected in the cultivatedsample. The rosmarinic acid content (0.20 and 24.87 mg analyte/g extract, respectively) of the cultivated samplewas found to be significantly higher than that of the natural sample. The biological activities of the samples weredetermined to be changed in parallel with their chemical contents that are due to factors such as climatic conditions,and soil structure.
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    Characterization of the Chemical Profile of Euphorbia Species from Turkey by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and Liquid Chromatography-Ion Trap-Time-of-Flight-Mass Spectrometry (LC-IT-TOF-MS) and Chemometric Analysis
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2019) Yener, Ismail; Ertas, Abdulselam; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Olmez, Ozge Tokul; Yilmaz, Pelin Koseoglu; Yesil, Yeter; Kaplaner, Erhan
    The Euphorbiaceae family comprises of about 300 genera and 5000 species primarily distributed in America and tropical Africa. The Euphorbia genus is represented by 105 species and locally named as Sutlegen and Xasil in Turkey. The present study aimed to determine the chemical constituents of E. aleppica, E. eriophora, E. macroclada, E. grisophylla, E. seguieriana subsp. seguieriana, E. craspedia, E. denticulata, E. falcata, and E. fistulosa, and classify them by utilizing the chemometric techniques of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Linoleic acid, 17-tetratriacontane, palmitic acid, and hexatriacontane were the major fatty acids from the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses. Characterization of 268 constituents of the studied species was achieved by liquid chromatography-ion trap-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-IT-TOF-MS). Furthermore, a new liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitative determination of 11 compounds (quinic acid, protocatechuic acid, rutin, hesperidin, eugenol, p-coumaric acid, piceatannol, scopoletin, dl-kavain, chrysophanic acid, and resiniferatoxin) in these species. The developed method was validated for the linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, repeatability, and recovery.
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    Chemical Profile of Malva Neglecta and Malvella Sherardiana by LC-MS/MS, GC/MS and Their Anticholinesterase, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties With Aflatoxin-Contents
    (Marmara Univ, Fac Pharmacy, 2017) Hasimi, Nesrin; Ertas, Abdulselam; Oral, Elif Varhan; Yener, Ismail; Alkan, Huseyin; Boga, Mehmet; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah
    The purpose of the present work was to determine the phenolic and the fatty acids profiles by LC-MS/MS and GC/MS with their antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities, and aflatoxin contents of Malva neglecta and Malvella sherardiana. The phenolic contents of M. neglecta and M. sherardiana were determined by LC-MS/MS. Malic and 4-OH benzoic acids were found to be the most abundant compounds in M. neglecta and M. sherardiana, respectively. On the other hand, essential oil and fatty acid compositions were determined by GC/MS analysis. The methanol extracts of the plants showed the highest effect in all antioxidant assays in this study. The methanol extract of M. neglecta showed the highest activity among the petroleum ether, acetone, methanol and water extracts against acetyl-and butyryl-cholinesterase enzymes (53.68% and 63.95% inhibition ratio, respectively). The acetone extracts of M. neglacta and M. sherardiana exhibited moderate activity against C. albicans with 18 and 17 mm inhibion zone diameter, respectively. The results of the present study is also showed that the M. neglecta and M. sherardiana can also be used as a food source due to its high phenolic acid content and good antioxidant property. Also, the samples were aflatoxin free.
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    Comparison of chemical and biological properties of in vivo and in vitro samples of Salvia siirtica Kahraman, Celep & Dogan extracts prepared with different solvents
    (Elsevier, 2021) Fidan, Hilal Saruhan; Kilinc, Fatih Mehmet; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Akdeniz, Mehmet; Yener, Ismail; Firat, Mehmet; Onay, Ahmet
    The use of Salvia species among the public and their importance in the scientific world increase due to their numerous pharmacological and biological activities on a daily basis. In this study, the phytochemical contents of different parts (root, branch, leaf, flower, whole) of different specimens of Salvia siirtica (SS) (in vivo and in vitro) extracts prepared with various solvents (petroleumether, chloroformand ethanol) were determined using different techniques (GC-MS and LC-MS/MS) and the results were compared. In addition, biological activities (antioxidant, cytotoxic, anticholinesterase antiurease, antityrosinase, antielastase and anticollagenase) of all samples were determined and compared. The antioxidant potential of the analysed samples was found to be high, and their enzyme activity potential was low. Besides, in vitro SS-TIS (Temporary Immersion System) sample showed high cytotoxic activity (viability% 2.12 +/- 0.06) against MCF-7 (breast cancer) cell line. The results of GC-MS and LC-MS/MS analyses indicated that ferruginol and sugiol could be isolated from the ethanol extract of S. siirtica roots, salvigenin and beta-sitosterol from the chloroform extract of the aerial parts, and phenolic compounds from the ethanol extract of the aerial parts. In addition, the amount of rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid and 12-demethylmulticauline of in vitro samples were found to be higher than those of in vivo samples. Furthermore, all samples, both in vivo and in vitro, contained high levels of rosmarinic acid and beta-sitosterol. The whole chloroform extract (SSWC) could be the source extract for salvigenin (33952.13 mu g/g) and beta-sitosterol (16369.71 mu g/g), and the root ethanol extract (SSRE) for ferruginol (17721.99 mu g/g). As a result, it is understood that the nature of the plant material, the choice of an appropriate solvent and the parts of the material used are quite effective in chemical content. S. siirtica promise potential natural antioxidant agent in food and/or pharmaceutical industry due to its phytochemical content (rosmarinic and caffeic acids, ferruginol, salvigenin) and antioxidant activity. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of SAAB.
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    A comprehensive LC-MS/MS method validation for the quantitative investigation of 37 fingerprint phytochemicals in Achillea species: A detailed examination of A. coarctata and A. monocephala
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2018) Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Ertas, Abdulselam; Yener, Ismail; Akdeniz, Mehmet; Cakir, Oguz; Altun, Muhammed; Demirtas, Ibrahim
    The current study aims to optimize and validate a comprehensive LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of 37 phytochemicals (15 phenolic acids, 17 flavonoids, 3 non-phenolic organic acids, 1 phenolic aldehyde and 1 benzopyrene) in Achillea species. Though Achillea species were chosen as real life samples, the current method is applicable to a wide range of plant species. The developed method was fully validated in terms of linearity, accuracy (recovery), inter-day and intra-day precision (repeatability), limits of detection and quantification (LOD/LOQ) and relative standard uncertainty (U% at 95% confidence level (k = 2)). Reversed-phase ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography was optimized to achive optimum separation for 37 phytochemical compounds and to overcome the suppression effects. MS detection was performed using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer and negative or positive ionization modes were optimized for each analyte. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used to quantify the analytes, related molecular ions and transition ions were optimized. Phytochemical screening of ethanol and methanol-chloroform extracts of root and aerial parts of A. coarctata and A. monocephala were performed by using the developed and validated LC-MS/MS method. Root and aerial parts of both species have considerable amounts of certain phenolic-nonphenolic acids (quinic, malic, fumaric, chlorogenic and vanillic acids) and flavonoids (rutin, hesperidin, isoquercitrin, apigetrin, luteolin, apigenin). Additionally, total phenolic and flavonoid amounts, antioxidant (DPPH free radical scavenging assay, ABTS radical cation decolorization assay, beta-carotene lipid peroxidation test system and CUPRAC cupper reduction capacity methods), anticholinesterase, tyrosinase, urease inhibition and cytotoxic activities (on HeLa (Human Cervical Carcinoma Cell Line) of A. coarctata and A. monocephala were also investigated. It has been determined that the studied Achillea species, that are rich in total phenolic-flavonoid and chlorogenic acid contents, have high antioxidant and cytotoxic potential at the same time. According to the results of LC-MS/MS, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity studies, after detailed chemical investigation and toxicity studies on these species, A. coarctata and A. monocephala may be promoted as promising sources of natural agents and used for the development of nutraceuticals or functional food ingredients in future. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Comprehensive study of chemical composition and biological activity of Thymus pubescens Boiss. et Kotschy ex Celak
    (Elsevier, 2022) Yigitkan, Serkan; Akdeniz, Mehmet; Yener, Ismail; Seker, Zeki; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Firat, Mehmet; Kavak, Deniz Evrim
    The use of Thymus species amongst the public and their importance in the scientific world is increasing day by day. In addition to being consumed as tea and spice, Thymus species are used as folk medicine for respiratory, digestive, skin, circulatory, genital, nervous, visual and urinary diseases. In this study, it was aimed to examine the essential oil and ethanol extract of the root and aerial parts of Thymus pubescens Boiss. et Kotschy ex Celak in the terms of their biological activity and chemical content. The phenolic content of the species was determined by LC-MS/MS, while triterpenoid content, the chemical composition of the essential oil as well as flavour was determined by GC-MS. In addition, their antioxidant and cytotoxic activities, as well as acetyl- (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), urease, tyrosinase, elastase, collagenase, HMG-CoA reductase and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities were studied. Thymol (53.33%) was determined as the major component in the essential oil, while b-fenchyl alcohol (43.87%) was determined as the major component of the flavour. According to the LC-MS/MS and GC-MS results, it was found that especially the aerial parts of the species have a high amount of rosmarinic acid (3875.76 mg analyte/g extract), quinic acid (2392.55), naringenin (970.39), oleanolic (92785.96) and ursolic (63373.32) acids. The essential oil of T. pubescens species was observed to show high activity in four antioxidant assays, e.g. inhibition of lipid peroxidation, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity as well as CUPRAC, while the ethanol extracts showed moderate antioxidant activity. In enzyme inhibition assays, the aerial parts exerted marked BChE, elastase, and collagenase inhibitory activities (92.43 +/- 1.28%, 42.59 +/- 0.56, and 48.61 +/- 0.39 at 100 mg/mL, respectively). On the other hand, AChE, urease, tyrosinase, HMG-CoA reductase and ACE inhibitory activities of all extracts were from low to moderate levels. In particular, the aerial parts of the species displayed a high cytotoxic effect (vitality%: 6.82 +/- 0.01 at 200 mg/mL) in breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line. Due to its remarkable antioxidant capacity, high content of rosmarinic, oleanolic, and ursolic acids and especially BChE, elastase, and collagenase inhibitory activity, T. pubescens has the potential for using in food supplements, food preservatives, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.(c) 2022 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    A comprehensive study on chemical and biological profiles of three herbal teas in Anatolia; rosmarinic and chlorogenic acids
    (Elsevier, 2020) Ertas, Abdulselam; Yener, Ismail
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Content analysis, nanoparticle forming potential and acaricidal effects on Tick (Hyalomma marginatum) of essential oils from two common Thymbra species
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Kaya, Eda Cavus; Akdeniz, Mehmet; Ugurlu, Pelin; Yener, Ismail; Firat, Mehmet; Ertas, Abdulselam
    In this study, the fatty acid, essential oil and aroma composition of Thymbra sintenisii Bornm. & Aznav. subsp. sintenisii Bornm. & Aznav (TSS) and Thymbra sintenisii Bornm. & Azn. subsp. isaurica P.H.Davis (TSI) were determined by GC-MS. The cytotoxic activity was determined with MTT assay and antioxidant activities were determined with DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC methods. Urease, acetyl, butyryl, angiotensin, alpha-amylase, tyrosinase, elastase, and collagenase enzyme inhibition activities of these species were also determined. The acaricidal effects of essential oils from aerial parts of TSS and TSI on ticks and the nanoparticle formation potential of their essential oils with AgNO3 were determined and compared. The main components of TSS essential oil and aroma were determined as carvacrol and o-cemen (66.78 and 35.44%, respectively), the major components of TSI essential oil and aroma were carvacrol and gamma-terpinene (63.78 and 31.44%, respectively). The species exhibited remarkably high antioxidant activity, particularly in the ABTS and CUPRAC methods. It was also determined that the butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition activities (Inhibition%: 76.12 +/- 0.83 and 74.13 +/- 0.33, respectively) of the species were quite high. Moderate antimicrobial activity against the bacteria was observed for both essential oils, with MIC values ranging from 312 to 1250 mu g/mL. Moreover, essential oils of these species showed good acaricidal activity on Hyalomma marginatum (LC50: 11.82 mu g/mL for TSS; LC50: 57.64 mu g/mL for TSI). The high antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and acaracidal activities observed in both species are attributed to the presence of carvacrol in their essential oils. The species have potential to be used in food supplements-preservatives, pharmaceutical industry.
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    The Detailed Chemical and Biological Analysis of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. Species Growing in Cultural and Natural Environments
    (Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2024) Cavusoglu, Mehmet; Yigitkan, Serkan; Yener, Ismail; Caglayan, Mehmet Veysi; Resitoglu, Baris; Akdeniz, Mehmet; Kaya, Eda C. A. V. U. S.
    The Lamiaceae family is an important resource for the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and perfumery sectors. The species Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam., belonging to the Lamiaceae family, has been used in folk medicine since ancient times. The aim of the present study was to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant, cytotoxic and enzyme (AChE, BChE, tyrosinase, urease, elastase, collagenase and ACE) inhibition activities of ethanol extracts of the aerial parts of natural and cultivated samples of the species Z. clinopodioides. In addition, the aroma contents of the species were determined by GC-MS/FID, and the phytochemical composition of the ethanol extracts was determined by LC-MS/MS. According to the aroma analysis results, the major components of the culture sample of the Z. clinopodioides species were determined as pulegone (39.83%), cis- menthone (21.36%), trans-menthone (16.64%), while the major components of the natural sample were determined as pulegone (62.42%), neoisomenthol (5.93%) and cis-pulegone oxide (5.47%). According to LC-MS/MS results, quinic acid (25.841, 15.694 mg analyte g-1 extract, respectively), rosmarinic acid (6.804, 25.523), and acacetin (6.115, 10.764) were detected as major compounds in cultured and natural samples of the species. Also, hesperidin (5.725) was higher in culture sample. According to the enzyme activity results, it was determined that cultured and natural samples of the species showed moderate butyrylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition activity (inhibition %: 45.14 +/- 1.40; 43.57 +/- 0.73, respectively). In urease enzyme inhibition activity, it was determined that culture sample showed moderate activity (inhibition %: 43.64 +/- 0.39) but natural sample did not show activity, and culture sample showed high antihypertensive activity (inhibition %: 81.6 +/- 1.19). When the results were evaluated in general, it was determined that the cultured sample of the species showed higher antioxidant, butyrylcholinesterase, urease, and antihypertensive activity compared to natural sample.
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    A detailed study on chemical and biological profile of nine Euphorbia species from Turkey with chemometric approach: Remarkable cytotoxicity of E-fistulasa and promising tannic acid content of E-eriophora
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2018) Yener, Ismail; Olmez, Ozge Tokul; Ertas, Abdulselam; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Firat, Mehmet; Kandemir, Sevgi Irtegun; Ozturk, Mehmet
    The propose of this study is to investigate the chemical constituents of nine Euphorbia species; namely, E. aleppica, E. eriophora, E. macroclada, E. grisophylla, E. seguieriana subsp. seguieriana, E. craspedia, E. denticulata, E. falcata and E. fistulosa by LC-MS/MS as well as their antioxidant, anticholinesterase, tyrosinase inhibitory, urease inhibitory and cytotoxic activities. Among 59 extracts prepared from the different parts of the mentioned Euphorbia species, E. seguieriana subsp. seguieriana leaf (IC50: 10.41 +/- 0.93 mu g/mL) in lipid peroxidation inhibitory by beta-carotene-linoleic acid assay exhibited the highest activity, while E. grisophylla root in DPPH free radical scavenging (IC50: 0.79 +/- 0.01 mu g/mL), E. grisophylla seed in ABTS cation radical scavenging (IC50: 8.93 +/- 0.02 mu g/mL), E. fistulosa root both in acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase inhibitory (53.71 +/- 1.89% and 77.63 +/- 0.60% inhibition, respectively), E. denticulata leaf in urease inhibitory (96.89 +/- 2.00% inhibition), and E. macroclada mixed in tyrosinase inhibitory (86.99 +/- 3.77% inhibition) activities. However in cytotoxic activity studies, E. denticulata against PDF fibroblast cell lines (IC50: 23.04 +/- 0.03 mu g/mL), E. craspedia against HT-29 cancer cell line (IC50: 13.74 +/- 0.02 mu g/mL), E. fistulosa against MCF-7 and DLD-1 cancer cell lines (IC50: 14.04 +/- 0.04 mu g/mL and IC50: 20.23 +/- 0.08 mu g/mL, respectively) indicated quite good activity. According to the LC-MS/MS results, these species were rich in quinic acid, malic acid and tannic acid, rutin, hesperidin and hyperoside. Incidentally, it was found that the E. eriophora possessed very strong irritating potential. A chemometric approach using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) techniques were also studied on collected data to reveal the relationship between chemical contents of different parts of these Euphorbia species, and their biological activities, together with regional differences. Overall, these species could be suggested as valuable sources of natural-bioactive agents for developing new functional, pharmacological and health promoting ingredients.
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    Determination of essential oil and biological activities of Hypericum ternatum Poulter and H. scabrum L. species collected from different localities: is H. scabrum an alternative to multifunctional species ST JOHN'S WORT (H. perforatum)?
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2022) Akdeniz, Mehmet; Yener, Ismail; Irtegun Kandemir, Sevgi; Ozhan Kocakaya, Safak; Firat, Mehmet; Yigitkan, Serkan; Hasimi, Nesrin
    The importance of Hypericum L. species, being used in traditional medicine, in the scientific world is increasing day by day. Hypericum species are plants that have been used in the treatment of many diseases for a long time and have healing properties. In the current study, the essential oil compositions of Hypericum scabrum L. and H. ternatum Poulter collected from different localities in Turkey were determined by GC-MS/FID. In addition, their antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities with their enzyme inhibitory potentials (cholinesterase, urease, tyrosinase, elastase, and collagenase) were investigated. Also, in vitro and in silico studies of the major components of the species have been carried out on the studied enzymes. It was determined that four H. scabrum samples mainly contained alpha-pinene (55.99%-62.80%) while three H. ternatum samples contained 2-methyloctane (9.45%-22.39%) and alpha-pinene (12.75%-33.08%). While H. scabrum essential oils possessed significant biological activity potential except for the antimicrobial activity, H. ternatum samples did not. All essential oil samples of H. scabrum exhibited a high cytotoxic effect (IC50 21.67 +/- 0.34 to 34.67 +/- 0 .45 mu g/mL) against colon cancer cell line (HT-29) and indicated higher acetyl-(Inhibiton% 83.30 +/- 1.90 to 93.08 +/- 1.04) and butyryl-cholinesterase (Inhibiton% 80.58 +/- 1.19 to 93.28 +/- 1.99) inhibitory activity than the standard compound, galantamine. Furthermore, all samples of H. scabrum showed high tyrosinase (Inhibiton% 69.00 +/- 1.64 to 95.25 +/- 1.42) and elastase (Inhibiton% 27.58 +/- 0.34 to 36.69 +/- 0.18) inhibitory effects. These biological activity results indicated that H. scabrum essential oil could be used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
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    Effect of electromagnetic fields and antioxidants on the trace element content of rat teeth
    (Dove Medical Press Ltd, 2017) Dogan, Mehmet Sinan; Yavas, Mehmet Cihan; Yavuz, Yasemin; Erdogan, Sait; Yener, Ismail; Simsek, Ibrahim; Akkus, Zeki
    The purpose of this study was to examine the possible effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs), from a high-voltage source, on rat teeth in terms of changes in trace elements (TEs) and the effect of antioxidants (melatonin [MLT] and Ganoderma lucidum [GL]) in counteracting these effects. We used adult male Wistar albino rats with a mean weight of 250-300 g and divided the rats into eight groups. The groups were subjected to an ELF- EMF that was applied with a high- voltage line for 8 hours/day for 26 days (Groups I, II, and III) or 52 days (Groups V, VI, and VII). Groups IV and VIII were the 26- and 52- day control/sham groups, respectively. Groups II and VI were treated with GL, and Groups III and VII were treated with MLT. MLT and GL were administered daily based on the weight of the animals and appropriate standards. At the end of the study, the rats were euthanized, and their anterior teeth were extracted. The teeth were preserved in pure water before evaluating the major TEs. At the end of the study, TE concentrations (in mg/kg) were assessed in the control and test groups. Compared with Group V, statistically significant differences in the concentrations of zinc (Zn) and strontium (Sr) were found for Group VII (ELF- EMF + MLT) (P< 0.05). Therefore, ELF- EMF exposure can change the content of certain TEs in teeth and, after administering MLT and GL, the values of some of the TEs return to normal.
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    Essential oil content, in-vitro and in-silico activities of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra, H. empetrifolium subsp. empetrifolium Willd., and H. pruinatum Boiss. & Balansa species
    (Istanbul Univ, Fac Pharmacy, 2023) Akdeniz, Mehmet; Yener, Ismail; Kocakaya, Safak Ozhan; Yolcu, Murat; Yigitkan, Serkan; Aydin, Firat; Turkmenoglu, Fatma Pinar
    Background and Aims: The importance of Hypericum species that are used traditionally against many diseases is increasing day by day.Methods: In this study, the essential oil contents of Hypericum triquetrifolium, H. empetrifolium subsp. empetrifolium, and H. pruinatum species were determined with GC-MS/ FID. This is the first study on the antioxidant, anticholinesterase, anti-urease, antityrosinase, antielastase, and anticollagenase activities of these species. Also, in silico and in vitro enzyme in-hibitory activities of the major compounds in the essential oil samples of the species have been evaluated. In addition, the cytotoxic effects of the essential oils were determined by the MTT method.Results: According to GC-MS/ FID results, the major compounds were determined as caryophyllene oxide (16.76%) for H. triquetrifolium, alpha-pinene (21.67%) for H. empetrifolium subsp. empetrifolium, and germacrene D (22.47%) for H. pruinatum. Especially, H. pruinatum sample showed a high cytotoxic effect (IC50: 34.78 +/- 0.22 and 29.06 +/- 0.40 mu g/mL, respectively) on HT -29 and MCF-7 cell lines. It was determined that the same sample showed a promising inhibitory activity on acetyl (18.33 +/- 2.79, 36.48 +/- 2.40, and 56.97 +/- 0.94, respectively) and butyryl (71.63 +/- 2.78, 73.88 +/- 1.16, and 56.97 +/- 0.97, respectively) cholinesterase enzymes.Conclusion: Results of the in-vitro activity studies indicated that H. pruinatum essential oil could be used in the pharmaceuti-cal industry.
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    A fast, accurate and comprehensive LC-MS/MS method validation for the sensitive quantification of water-soluble vitamins in walnut, almond, hazelnut and pistachio fruits
    (Elsevier, 2023) Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Cakir, Oguz; Yener, Ismail
    Evaluating nutritional values of food products such as nuts has been of great importance nowadays. In the current study, development and validation of a robust and fast LC-MS/MS method was carried out for simultaneous determination of pantothenic acid (B5), riboflavin (B2), biotin (B7), thiamine (B1), cyano-cobalamine (B12), nicotinamide (B3), nicotinic acid (B3), pyridoxine (B6) and folic acid (B9) in walnut, almond, hazelnut and pistachio samples from Turkey. Isotope labeled vitamin standards were used to compensate the sensitivity losses and increase the degree of precision. The validation parameters of the developed analytical method were accuracy (recovery), linearity, limit of quantification (LOQ), intra-day and inter-day precision (repeatability), relative standard uncertainty (U% at 95% confidence level (k 1/4 2)), and limit of detection (LOD). Chromatographic parameters were optimized to have optimum separation of nine water soluble vitamins (WSVs) and MS detection was performed using a tandem mass spec-trometer. Linearity of the established LC-MS/MS method was in the range of 25-1000 ng/mL for the studied vitamins. The coefficients of determination for the vitamins were between 0.9973 and 0.9999. LOD/LOQ values of the analytes were 10.48/12.54, 13.08/19.59, 5.77/7.70, 12.48/17.71, 12.38/14.90, 6.55/ 10.08, 8.08/9.81, 13.03/16.38, 13.08/19.59 for B1, B2, nicotinamide (B3), nicotinic acid (B3), B5, B6, B7, B9 and B12, respectively.(c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    A GC-MS method validation for quantitative investigation of some chemical markers inSalvia hypargeiaFisch. & CA Mey. of Turkey: Enzyme inhibitory potential of ferruginol
    (Wiley, 2020) Bakir, Derya; Akdeniz, Mehmet; Ertas, Abdulselam; Yilmaz, Mustafa A.; Yener, Ismail; Firat, Mehmet; Kolak, Ufuk
    In the present study, a GC-MS method used for quantitative screening of 26 compounds (sclareolide, sclareol, ferruginol, cryptanol, 6,7-dehydroroyleanone, suginal, 9,10-dihydro-7,8-dimethyl-2-(1-methylethyl) phenanthren-3-ol, sugiol, inuroyleanone, 12-demethylmulticauline, 7 alpha-hydroxy-beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol, salvigenin, sinensetin,alpha-amyrin, lupeol, lupenone, 3-acetyl lupeol, 1 alpha,21 alpha-dihydroxy-2,3-(1 ' 1 '-dimethyl-dioxymethylene) urs-9(11),12-dien, uvaol, betulin, pyxinol, lup-(20),29-ene-2 alpha-hydroxy-3 beta-acetate, betulin 3 beta, 28 beta-diacetate, 21 alpha-hydroxy,2 alpha,3 beta-diacetoxy urs-9(11),12-dien) specific to TurkishSalviaspecies was developed and validated. According to the GC-MS analysis results,Salvia hypargeiaFisch. & C.A. Mey. roots were found to be rich in ferruginol (30787.97 mu g/g extract) and lupenone (23276.21 mu g/g extract), and leaves in lupeol (20625.92 mu g/g extract). Additionally, the essential oil and aroma contents of this species were identified by GC-MS technique. According to the LC-MS/MS results, especiallyS. hypargeialeaf extract was rich in rosmarinic acid (38035.7 mu g/g extract) and isoquercitrin (4136.91 mu g/g extract). Furthermore, anticholinesterase, antiurease, antityrosinase and antielastase inhibitory, antioxidant, cytotoxic activities of the ethanol extracts, essential oil, and major components of the species were evaluated. Antioxidant potentials of all extracts of this species were quite high in all studied antioxidant methods. Moreover, butyrylcholinesterase and elastase inhibitory capacities of ferruginol, the major component ofS. hypargeiaroots, were notable. For these reasons, this species has a high potential for food and pharmaceutical industries. Practical applications This new GC-MS method was applied toS. hypargeiaFisch. & C.A. Mey. and it indicated that this species possessed high amount of ferruginol and lupeol, and that this species could be used for their natural sources. According to the results of the activity studies (antioxidant, anticholinesterase, tyrosinase, elastase, and cytotoxic), this method was used to exhibit which compound may be responsible for the activities. This developed and validated method could be easily applied to determine major/active/toxic secondary metabolites ofSalviaspecies which are used and/or could be used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.
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    ICP-MS Determination of Lead Levels in Autopsy Liver Samples: An Application in Forensic Medicine
    (Atomic Spectroscopy Press Ltd, 2018) Arica, Enes; Yuksel, Bayram; Yener, Ismail; Dolak, Ibrahim; Gok, Ertugrul; Yilmaz, Eyup
    The objective of this study was to develop and validate a senstitive ICP-MS method with no gas mode for the determination of Pb levels in autospy liver samples collected from patients in Diyarbakir, Turkey. The microwave-assisted acid digestion procedure was optimized and applied to accurately weighed dry liver samples. The method showed linearity in the range of 0-100 mu g/kg with a detection and quantification limit of 0.72 mu g/kg and 2.18 mu g/kg, respectively. The calibration graph was characterized with excellent correlation coefficients (r=0.9997) for Pb determination. Certified reference material was used to validate the method in terms of accuracy, precision, and recovery. Good agreement was obtained between the certified values and the measured Pb concentrations. Percent recovery and precision for Pb was calculated at 99.5% and 4.29%, respectively. In the autopsy liver samples, the Pb levels ranged from 106.83 mu g/kg to 1932.08 mu g/kg and the mean Pb levels were found at 375.24 +/- 325.46 mu g/kg. As a result of the statistical analysis, the occupation, smoking habit, settlement, gender, and age appeared to have an effect on the Pb levels in the autopsy liver samples. The procedure described is relatively simple, precise, and applicable for routine toxicological Pb determination in human tissue.
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    LC-MS/MS Analysis and Biological Activities of Different Parts of Ziziphora capitata L.
    (Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2024) Yigitkan, Serkan; Cavusoglu, Mehmet; Caglayan, Mehmet Veysi; Yener, Ismail; Firat, Mehmet; Cavus Kaya, Eda; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdulah
    The Ziziphora species, classified under the Lamiaceae family, have a strong aromatic property. Ziziphora species have been used in folk medicine as sedative, gastric, aphrodisiac, bloating, and degassing. In the current study, the phenolic and flavanoid content of ethanol extracts of Ziziphora capitata L. species of flower, leaf, branch, mixed, and root parts was determined by the LC-MS/MS device. In addition, the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the extracts, as well as their inhibitory effects on enzymes (antihypertensive, AchE (acetylcholinesterase), BchE ( butyrylcholinesterase), elastase, tyrosinase, collagenase and urease), were determined. The LC-MS/MS results showed that quinic acid (25578, 5842, 25171, 14055, 10597 mu g g-1, respectively) was found in higher amounts in flower, leaf, branch, mixed, and root extracts of Z. capitata species compared to other components. Additionally, rosmarinic acid (17097 mu g g-1), cynaroside (8432), and hesperidin (8067) were found to be major components. It was observed that the flower extract of the species exhibited strong antioxidant activity (IC50: 37.18 +/- 1.36 mu g mL-1, 9.89 +/- 0.45, A0.5:16.27 +/- 0.02, respectively) in DPPH, ABTS and CUPRAC methods. It was concluded that the leaf extract of Z. capitata species had a strong cytotoxic effect on HT-29 (colon cancer cell line) (viability %: 9.26 +/- 0.69). It was observed that the root part of the species exhibited higher activity in butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme inhibition activity (inhibition %: 40.56 +/- 0.88) than other parts. It was determined that Z. capitata extracts did not show acetylcholinesterase, urease, tyrosinase, elastase, collagenase, and antihypertensive enzyme activity or showed low activity. As a result, it is thought that the flower extract of the Z. capitata species has better results in terms of the examined parameters, whereas the leaf extract needs to be subjected to more detailed in vitro and in vivo research conducted to be used in the pharmaceutical industry as a result of its cytotoxic effect against colon cancer cell lines.
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    Method validation of 15 phytochemicals inHypericum lysimachioidesvar.spathulatumby LC-MS/MS, and fatty acid, essential oil, and aroma profiles with biological activities
    (Springer, 2020) Akdeniz, Mehmet; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Ertas, Abdulselam; Yener, Ismail; Firat, Mehmet; Aydin, Firat; Kolak, Ufuk
    The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a LC-MS/MS method for quantification of 15 phytochemicals inHypericumspecies. The developed method was fully validated in terms of repeatability (inter-day and intra-day precision), limits of detection and quantification, linearity, recovery and relative standard uncertainty. The developed and validated LC-MS/MS method was applied to determine 15 phytochemicals in the ethanol extracts ofH. lysimachioidesvar.spathulatumaerial parts (HLS-A) and roots (HLS-R). Hyperoside was found to be the major compound in HLS-A and HLS-R ethanol extracts (16,560.3 and 3561.6 mu g analyte/g extract, respectively). According to the results of GC-MS analyses,cis-13,16-docosadienoic acid (35.0%), caryophyllene oxide (24.33%) and undecane (28.21%) were determined as the major components in fatty acid, essential oil and aroma compositions ofH. lysimachioidesvar.spathulatum, respectively. HLS-A and HLS-R ethanol extracts showed moderate activity in ABTS cation radical decolorization assay. The major components (hyperoside, astragalin, and quercetin) present in HLS-A and HLS-R ethanol extracts were found to have also the highest antioxidant effect in ABTS cation radical scavenging method. The extracts, main constituents in the extracts and essential oil had no toxic-cytotoxic potential against PDF, MCF-7 and HT-29 cell lines. HLS-A ethanol extract and essential oil exhibited high butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Quercetin showed the highest inhibitory effect against acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase, urease and tyrosinase among the tested samples. According to biological activity studies,H. lysimachioidesvar.spathulatumand their major components might be promoted as promising sources of natural agents and used in the development of nutraceuticals, functional food ingredients and pharmaceutical industry.
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    A new method for preconcentration of Th(IV) and Ce(III) by thermophilic Anoxybacillus flavithermus immobilized on Amberlite XAD-16 resin as a novel biosorbent
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2017) Yener, Ismail; Oral, Elif Varhan; Dolak, Ibrahim; Ozdemir, Sadin; Ziyadanogullari, Recep
    A novel approach has been improved for the preconcentration of Th(IV) and Ce(III) by using thermophilic Anoxybacillus flavithermus which were immobilized on Amberlite XAD-16 resin and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The concentration of Th(IV) and Ce(III), the eluent type and volume, the pH of model solutions, influences of matrix interference parameters, and flow rate were analyzed and optimized extraction conditions were determined. The optimum pH for quantitative sorption of Th(IV) and Ce(III) was found as 7.0 and elution of Th(IV) and Ce(III) from mini-columns was studied with 1.0 mol L-1, 5 mL HNO3 with recoveries from 100%. The precision of this method was validated by comparing the analytical recovery and certified reference materials (IAEA Soil-7). Finally, this enrichment method was used to determine Th(IV) and Ce(III) in bastnaesite ore sample. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.