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CHANGES IN THE PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS IN WINE GRAPE VARIETIES DURING THE RIPENING PERIOD
(Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2016) Ozdemir, Gultekin; Sogut, Akile Beren; Pirinccioglu, Mihdiye; Kizil, Goksel; Kizil, Murat
The aim of this study was to determine phytochemical components of Tannat, Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec, Merlot and Shiraz wine grape varieties during the ripening period. As amounts of total phenolic compounds in different parts of the grape varieties, the highest total phenolic values for berry peel were found to be 300.58 mu g GAE/mg in Cabernet Sauvignon, 974.23 mu g GAE/mg in Malbec for pulp, 447.01 mu g GAE/mg in Merlot for seed. The total flavonoid content in peel, pulp and seeds of varieties were found to be varied between 46.95 mu g QUE/mg and 148.01 mu g QUE/mg. In conclusion, total bioactive compounds of the grape differed significantly based on variety and grape part. Since higher bioactive compounds were found in pulps for all grape varieties, grapes should be consumed as a whole grape. This study also showed that these grapes are a potential source of natural bioactive compounds. It can be concluded that selected grape varieties and their parts can be considered a good source of phenolic and antioxidants.
CUTTING PARAMETERS OF SOME GRAPE VARIETIES SUBJECT TO THE DIAMETER AND AGE OF CANES
(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2019) Esgici, Resat; Pekitkan, F. Goksel; Ozdemir, Gultekin; Guzel, Emin; Sessiz, Abdullah
Grape is an important product for the economy of Turkey and it will continue to play an important role in worldwide grape production due to its large number of varieties, favorable ecological conditions and large production areas. However, pruning and harvesting of grape berries are performed manually with a labor intensive procedure. Therefore, production cost is very high and labor efficiency is low in vineyards. However, pruning and harvesting are the most critical operations in vineyard management. Information regarding the cutting of canes of different grape varieties is very important for a proper harvest machine design as well as the efficient use of energy. In this study, cutting force and cutting energy were measured by considering the factors of grape canes diameter and age of canes. One and two year old grape canes from the Genc Mehmet, Bogazkere and Okuzgozu local varieties were used as experimental material. The canes were obtained from a commercial vineyard in the Diyarbakir province located in southeastern Turkey. Lloyd, LRX plus series, materials testing machine was used for cutting tests. Statistically significant differences were determined between the cutting properties of grape varieties. The cutting force and cutting energy increased with increasing diameter and age of canes.
CUTTING PROPERTIES OF WINE GRAPE CULTIVARS
(Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2015) Ozdemir, Gultekin; Sessiz, Abdullah; Esgici, Resat; Elicin, Ahmet Konuralp
This study was carried out to determine the cutting properties of different wine grape canes as a function of moisture content, canes' diameter and variety. Cutting properties of cutting force, cutting strength, cutting energy and specific cutting energy were measured in eight different wine grape varieties. Canes of 'Tannat', 'Merlot', 'Cot', 'Chardonnay', 'Viograier', 'Cabernet Sauvignon', 'Shiraz' and 'Cabernet Franc' were profiled for their cutting properties during the dormant season. The results of data analysis showed that there was a significant difference between mean values of cutting properties varying based on variety. The results demonstrated that the maximum cutting force, cutting strength and cutting energy for 'Cabernet Franc' grape variety were 1397.60 N, 21.68 MPa and 3.68 J, respectively. The minimum cutting force, cutting strength and cutting energy were obtained at 'Tannest' grape variety and it was 981.65 N, 13.94 MPa, and 2.39 J, respectively. Whereas, the maximum specific cutting energy obtained at 'Chardonnay' was 0.256 Jmm-2, while the minimum specific cutting energy obtained at 'Tannat' grape variety was 0.219 Jmm(-2). In conclusion, findings demonstrated that the cutting properties were related to the physiological, physical and mechanical properties of the grew. branches. Therefore, the grape variety should be taken into account for the design of a suitable pruner machine.
DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF SOME ORGANIC AND ORGANO-MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON TOTAL PHENOLIC, FLAVONOID AND ANTHOCYANIN CONTENT OF BOGAZKERE (VITIS VINIFERA L.) GRAPES
(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Ozdemir, Gultekin
This study was conducted to determine the impacts of organic and organo-mineral fertilizers on total phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin activities of Bogazkere (Vitis vinifera L. cv.) grapes. Study treatments included organic fertilizers (green fertilizer (vetch), green fertilizer (barley), green fertilizer (vetch + barley), farmyard manure, bactoguard, lifebac NP, humanica) and organo-mineral fertilizers (bactolife quality organo, bactolife high organo, bactolife high organo, bactolife super organo power). The organic, and organo-mineral fertilizer applications positively influenced the total phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin productions. The maximum total phenolic production was significantly higher under bactolife buper brgano bower (550.47.tg GAE/mg in pulp) application. The total flavonoid production in berry pulp (45.07 mu g QUE/mg), seed (26.76 pg QUE/mg) and skin (20.27 mu g QUE/mg) were the highest under the bactolife super organo power. Total anthocyanin content of berry skin and pulp of Bogazkere grape cultivar was the highest under the organic humanica.
DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC AND FLAVONOID CONTENT OF BERRY SKIN, PULP AND SEED FRACTIONS OF OKUZGOZU AND BOGAZKERE GRAPE CULTIVARS
(Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2017) Ozdemir, Gultekin; Pirinccioglu, Mihdiye; Kizil, Goksel; Kizil, Murat
Grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) are believed to have health benefits due to their antioxidant activityand phenolic content. Thus, scientists have conducted research to explore their positive effects on many human diseases. The aim of this study was to determinetotal phenolic and flavonoid contents of berry pulp, seed and skin of Okuzgozu and Bogazkere red wine grape cultivars grown in Turkey. In conclusion, it was found that total phenolic (mu g GAE/mg) and flavonoid content in Okuzgozu and Bogazkere grape cultivars showed importantdifferences according to the berry skin, pulp, seed and research years. The highest phenolic content was found in Okuzgozu berry pulp 803.00 mu g GAE/mg in 2012 year. When the flavonoid amounts are compared, it has been determined that the total flavonoid amount varied from 5.08 mu g QUE/mg to 111.55 mu g QUE/mg. The highest flavonoid content was found in the Okuzgozu grape berry skin in 2011 year (111.55 mu g QUE/mg). This study showed that these grapes are a potential source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. It can be concluded that selected grape varieties and their parts can be considered a good source of phenolics.
Effect of different zinc application methods on leaf Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn concentrations of ungrafted and grafted Flame Seedless grapevine cultivar and rootstocks (Vitis sp.)
(Wfl Publ, 2011) Ozdemir, Gultekin; Ekbic, Hatice Bilir; Erdem, Halil; Torun, Bulent; Tangolar, Semih
A two-year vineyard experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of zinc applications on leaf Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn concentrations of ungrafted and grafted grapevines 'Flame Seedless' (V. vinifera L.) cultivar and the rootstocks 5 BB (V. berlandieri x V. riparia), SO4 (V. berlandieri x V. riparia), Cosmo 20 (V. berlandieri x V. riparia), Fercal ((V. berlandieri x Cabernet Sauvignon) x (V. berlandieri x Colombard)), Dogridge (V. champinii), Harmony (Dogridge x 1613 C), 1613 C (V. solonis x V. othello). Zinc applications were performed as 1) Zn = 0 (0 kg ha(-1) as control), 2) soil application (23 kg ha(-1)), and 3) soil (23 kg ha(-1)) plus leaf (0.2% Zn) applications of Zn. As Zn source, ZnSO4 center dot 7H(2)O formulation was used. Leaf samples were gathered at full blossom and veraison stage in order to determine Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn concentrations. The results showed that Zn applications had significant influence on the Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn levels of grapevine genotypes. Soil plus leaf application of Zn resulted in the highest Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn concentrations of leaves. A wide variation was determined among the genotypes in terms of microelement uptake. Leaf Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn concentrations were higher in the own-rooted Flame Seedless than those of the vines of the same cultivar grafted on different rootstocks.
Effect of iron applications on Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn compositions of grapevine leaves
(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2007) Ozdemir, Gultekin; Tangolar, Semih
In present study, different grapevine genotypes having different resistance levels to CaCO3 were used as plant material. Genotypes were grown in pots including CaCO3 concentrations of 10, 30 and 50 %. For each medium, 4 different soil with Fe applications were performed. These are: 1) 20 ppm Fe (as FeSO4) + farmyard manure (100 g/pot/5 kg soil), ii) 20 ppm Fe (as Fe-EDDHA) iii) 20 ppm Fe (as FeSO4) + citric acid (as 10 % percentage of applied FeSO4), iv) control (soil without Fe). In order to determine the effects of applications on micro element concentrations of leaves were examined. As a result of the study, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn concentrations of all tested genotypes were decreased with increasing levels of. CaCO3. Applications of Fe-EDDHA and FeSO4 + citric acid showed better results when all applications compared in respect of leaves Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn concentrations. The highest Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn concentrations were determined in Yalova incisi genotype.
Effect of iron applications on grapevine genotypes growing in different calcareous soils
(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2007) Ozdemir, Gultekin; Tangolar, Semih
In this study different grapevine genotypes having different resistance levels to CaCO3 were used as plant material. Genotypes were grown in pots including CaCO3 Concentrations of 10, 30 and 50 %. For each medium, 4 different soil Fe applications were performed. These are: (i) 20 ppm Fe (as FeSO4) + farmyard manure (100 g/pot/5 kg soil), (ii) 20 ppm Fe (as Fe-EDDHA) (iii) 20 ppm Fe (as FeSO4) + citric acid (as 10 % percentage of applied FeSO4), (iv) control (soil without Fe). In order to determine the effects of applications on active and total iron concentrations of leaves were examined. As a result of the study, iron concentrations of all tested genotypes were decreased with increasing levels of CaCO3. Applications of Fe-EDDHA and FeSO4 + citric acid showed better results when all applications compared in respect of leaves active and total iron concentrations.
The effects of different nitrogen doses on yield, quality and leaf nitrogen content of some early grape cultivars (V. vinifera L.) grown in greenhouse
(Academic Journals, 2010) Ekbic, Hatice Bilir; Ozdemir, Gultekin; Sabir, Ali; Tangolar, Semih
Nitrogen deficiency is a worldwide problem, causing restrictions in productivity of many horticultural produces. Particularly, the issue is compounded when the greenhouse production is employed. Therefore, reliable knowledge on proper application of nitrogen ensures not only satisfactory yield but also balanced vegetative and reproductive growth in plants. This study was thus conducted to investigate the effects of different nitrogen doses (10, 20 and 30 kg N da(-1)) on some quality properties with petiole nitrogen content of grape cultivars 'Early Cardinal' (EC), 'Yalova Incisi' (YI) and 'Ergin Cekirdeksizi' (ER) grown in plastic greenhouse for two years. Overall results indicated that cluster weight, cluster length and yield values increased depending on the nitrogen doses. On the other hand, increasing nitrogen applications generally resulted in higher petiole nitrogen content. The highest petiole nitrogen values were obtained from the treatment of 30 kg N da(-1) for two phenologycal periods (1.29 and 1.59% for full bloom and veraison, respectively). Considering the general investigations, 20 kg N da(-1) application could be recommended in terms of nitrogen supply under such conditions.
Effects of Farmer and Vineyard Attributes and Farming Practices on the Success of Viticulture in Turkiye: The Case of Dicle District of Diyarbakir Province
(Springer, 2022) Kara, Abdurrahman; Ozdemir, Gultekin; Aksoy, Ozlem
Successful vineyard production requires consideration of farmer and vineyard attributes as well as management practices. However, none of the previous studies evaluated these factors together for their effects on grape yield and economic performance. Conducted in the Dicle district of the Diyarbakir province of Turkiye, this study aimed to address this gap. Study data were collected using structured questionnaires from vineyard farms in 2018. Demographic variables, vineyard attributes, viticultural practices, and grape processing were examined regarding their effects on the success of viticulture. Descriptive statistical methods and logistic regression models were used in the data analysis. The study revealed that labor force, geographic aspects, hoeing, fertilization, irrigation, and processing significantly affected the success of viticulture in the study area regarding both grape yield and the gross margin of viticulture. Another striking result was that plant protection practices did not yield positive significant effects on the success of viticulture despite the well-known and top-ranking farmer complaints about vineyard pests and diseases. A negative and insignificant effect of fertilization on gross margin despite its positive and significant effect (P < 0.05) on grape yield implies cost-ineffective fertilization. It was concluded that considerably low yielding and overaged vineyards should be rejuvenated, and farmers should be trained in management practices. Moreover, old but still productive vineyards of the region can be turned into opportunities by registering them as heritage vineyards, and the products made from their grapes should be certified and supported by the geographical indication to verify their authenticity.
ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF THE SIRE GRAPE (VITIS VINIFERA L.CV.)
(Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2017) Esgici, Resat; Ozdemir, Gultekin; Pekitkan, Goksel; Elicin, Konuralp; Ozturk, Ferhat; Sessiz, Abdullah
Turkey will continue to acting an important role in grape production and raisin exportation in the world because of its large number of grape varieties, favorable ecological conditions and large amount of production areas. Turkey is the one of the gene center of grapevines, for this reason it possesses over 1600 grape varieties. Grapevine varieties are generally harvested by hand; however, the feasibility of using a mechanical harvester is some engineering properties such as physical and mechanical properties must be consideration. In this study, some physical and mechanical properties of grape berries and canes of local variety Sire (Vitis vinifera L. cv.) were determined depend on phenological stages. This research was performed at commercial vineyard in Dicle, the town of Diyarbakir, which is located in the southeastern part of Turkey. Cutting properties were measured by The Lloyd LRX plus materials testing machine. Grape berries length, width, thickness, arithmetic and geometric mean diameter, sphericity, roundness, detachment force (FDF), weight (W), the ratio of FDF/ W, skin firmness, total soluble solids content, pH, total acidity and cane of grapevine shearing force, shearing strength, upper yield, shearing energy were determined. The test results indicated that very significant correlations were found between axial dimensions of grape berries, and physical dimensions, mechanical and pomological properties. The ratio of FDF/W decreased depending on phenological stages. Berry weight was lowest at the Veraison (1.60 g). The grape berry skin firmness decreased from 1.174 N to 0.766 N with phenological stages. TSSC values varied from 20.40 to 16.20 %, pH of grape (3.39-3.65) values increased with phenological stages, whereas the total acids were slight changed and reduced from 0.876 to 0.669 %. Cutting properties of Sire grapevine cane has been changed with phenological stages. Shearing force and energy requirement increased with increase internode diameter of canes. Shearing force values changed between 472.38 N and 119.57 N.
IMPACTS OF ORGANIC AND ORGANO-MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON TOTAL PHENOLIC, FLAVONOID, ANTHOCYANIN AND ANTIRADICAL ACTIVITY OF OKUZGOZU (Vitis vinifera L.) GRAPES
(Wydawnictwo Akad Rolniczej W Lublinie, 2018) Ozdemir, Gultekin; Kitir, Nurgul; Turan, Metin; Ozlu, Ekrem
A present study was conducted to determine the impacts of organic and organo-mineral fertilizers on total phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin and antiradical activities of Okuzgozu (Vitis vinifera L. cv.) grapes. Study treatments included organic fertilizers (green fertilizer (vetch), green fertilizer (barley), green fertilizer (vetch + barley), farmyard manure, bactoguard, lifebac NP, humanica) and organo-mineral fertilizers (bac-tolife quality organo, bactolife high organo, bactolife high organo, bactolife super organo power). The control treatment did not receive any application. The organic, and organo-mineral fertilizers applications positively influenced the total phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin productions, and antiradical activity (DPPH). The maximum total phenolic production was significantly higher under Bactolife Super Organo Power (785.49 mu g GAE/mg in pulp) application, followed by those under bactolife high organo 5-5-5 (780.40 mu g GAE/mg in pulp). The total flavonoid production in berry skin (34.26 mu g QUE/mg), pulp (137.00 mu g QUE/mg) and seed (23.52 mu g QUE/mg) were the highest under the bactolife super organo power whereas the antiradical activities (DPPH) of berry pulp and seed were at the maximum level under the bactolife quality organo treatment. Total anthocyanin content of berry skin and pulp of Okuzgozu grape cultivar was the highest under the organic humanica.
Influence of BAP Concentrations and Nutrient Medium Composition on In Vitro Regeneration of 'Okuzgozu' and 'Boazkere' (Vitis vinifera L.) Cultivars
(Springer, 2018) Yildirim, Hakan; Ozdemir, Gultekin
This study has been conducted with the aim to determine the type of nutrient medium that can be used in micropropagation studies for 'Okuzgozu' and 'Boazkere' and to specify BAP concentrations. In the study where ejectors with a length of 0.7-0.8cm that are obtained with single-node culture are used, it was focused on four different nutrient media such as MS, DKW, QL and WPM and on six different concentrations such as 0.2-0.4-0.6-0.8-1.0-1.5 mg l(-1) BAP. Single-node suspension explants which will be used in initiating the culture, are taken into culture in MS nutrient medium and the nutrient medium is supported with 30g l(-1) sucrose, 6g l(-1) agar and 1 mg l(-1) BAP. In the trial environment, parameters such as number of shoots, shoot length (cm), number of nodes and callus ratio have been investigated. For both grape varieties, the best outcome was obtained with MS nutrient medium with respect to number of shoots, shoot length, and number of nodes. These values were found as 4.66, 1.24 and 6.39 for 'Okuzgozu' variety respectively, whereas they are determined as 6.28, 1.15 and 6.81 for 'Boazkere' variety respectively. In both grape varieties in DKW nutrient medium, starting from the 2nd week of culture, obscuration began to appear on the shoots and after this stage no other development has taken place.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES TO IRON STRESS CONDITIONS DEPEND ON GRAPEVINE GENOTYPE
(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2017) Ozdemir, Gultekin; Tangolar, Semih; Dasgan, Hayriye Yildiz
One of the most common nutritional deficiencies in vineyards is iron chlorosis due to high lime content and pH. In this study, physiological responses to iron deficiency stress were compared in nine grapevine genotypes. For this purpose, plants were grown in hydroponic culture having low iron [(-) Fe] or sufficient iron/control [(+) Fe] conditions. The [(-) Fe] plants were grown with 10(-6)M Fe EDTA for 40 days followed by 2x10(-7) M FeEDTA for 20 days. [(+) Fe] plants were grown with 10(-4) M Fe EDTA. To create iron stress, 10 mM NaHCO3 was added to the solution. In plants, active and total iron contents (mg/L), shoot active and total iron contents (mg/L), leaf chlorophyll status (SPAD), and root ferric chelate reductase enzyme activity were examined. All parameters were reduced in plants that were grown under iron deficient conditions. The highest active iron concentration in leaves was 108.27 mg/L in 1103 P grown in [(+) Fe] conditions. The chlorophyll content of leaves was 27.93 (1616 C) in [(+) Fe] conditions. The ferric chelate reductase enzyme activity of roots was higher in iron stress conditions. The highest level was 1395.78 in the 140 Ru genotype.
PRECISION VITICULTURE TOOLS TO PRODUCTION OF HIGH QUALITY GRAPES
(Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2017) Ozdemir, Gultekin; Sessiz, Abdullah; Pekitkan, Fatih Goksel
Grapes are the most widely grown commercial fruit crop in the world, and also one of the most popular fruit crops for horticultural production. Grape growers constantly search the ways in order to maximize their profits all over the world. It becomes to be important to use new information technologies to increase to overall returns. Precision Viticulture (PV) refers to the application of new and emerging information technologies to the production of grapes to improve the efficacy of production, maximize the quality of production, minimize the environmental footprint of production and minimize the risk associated with production for the grower and processer. Precision viticulture depends on new and emerging technologies such as global positioning systems (GPS), meteorological and other environmental sensors, satellite and airborne remote sensing, and geographic information systems (GIS) to assess and respond to variability. It can be possible that take under control such as soil fertility, fertilizer application norm, disease, water, weed, harvesting, and environmental management by precision viticulture systems in vineyard. So, to reduce inputs such as fertilizer, water, pesticides and to increase yield and quality of grape berries, we must to increase precision technologies in our vineyards. In this review, Precision Viticulture tools will be demonstrated to producing of high quality grapes. Finally, this study will also help grape growers and government agencies that provide new information and technologies such as Remote Sensing to growers in order to detect some factors affecting to maximize grape production.
Protective effect of Okuzgozu (Vitis vinifera L. cv.) grape juice against carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress in rats
(Royal Soc Chemistry, 2012) Pirinccioglu, Mihdiye; Kizil, Goksel; Kizil, Murat; Ozdemir, Gultekin; Kanay, Zeki; Ketani, M. Aydin
The consumption of fruits plays an important role as a health protecting factor. Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) are believed to have health benefits due to their antioxidant activity. Okuzgozu is the largest among the grape varieties grown in Turkey. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) causes free radical generation in many tissues such as the liver, kidney, heart, lung, testis, brain and blood. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the only drug to treat primary biliary cirrhosis, but the effects remain controversial. The aim of the present study is to investigate the protective effect of Okuzgozu grape juice or UDCA against tissue damage induced by CCl4 in rats. The amount of total phenolics and flavonoids were found to be 1208.00 +/- 43.00 mu g ml(-1) as the gallic acid equivalent and 5.2 +/- 0.19 mu g ml(-1) as the quercitin equivalent in Okuzgozu grape juice, respectively. In vivo administration of CCl4 caused a significant increase of various biochemical parameters such as alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), total bilirubin (TB) and a decrease in albumin (ALB) levels in serum or an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the tissues when compared to a control. Administration of CCl4 along with Okuzgozu grape juice or ursodeoxycolic acid (UDCA) significantly reduces these changes. Histopathalogical studies also support the protective effect of the extract. This study demonstrates the protective activity of Okuzgozu grape juice and thus scientifically supports the usage of this fruit in various traditional medicines for the treatment of tissue disorders. The effect of Okuzgozu grape juice was comparable with that of UDCA.
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF OKUZGOZU (VITIS VINIFERA L. CV.) SEED EXTRACT AGAINST HYDROXYL RADICAL INDUCED DNA DAMAGE
(Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2017) Pirinccioglu, Mihdiye; Kizil, Goksel; Toptanci, Bircan Ceken; Ozdemir, Gultekin; Kizil, Murat
Grape is one of the most commonly consumed fruits in the world. It has various biological functions, due to its potential of rich polyphenol ingredients, most of which are contained in its seeds (70%) and skin (30%). The aim of this study was to investigate the protective role of Okuzgozu cv. grape seed extracts against hydroxyl radical that induced oxidative DNA damage. The results revealed that the presence of various concentrations of grape seed extract in the reaction mixture significantly inhibited DNA damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In conclusion, the results demonstrated that Okuzgozu cv. grape seed extracts protected DNA against hydroxyl radical that induced oxidative damage and the extract could be used as a valuable food supplement or a nutraceutical product.
SOME MATURITY PROPERTIES OF OKUZGOZU (VITIS VINIFERA L. CV.) GRAPE BERRIES
(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2017) Ozdemir, Gultekin; Sessiz, Abdullah; Esgici, Resat
Some physical, mechanical and ripening properties of Okuzgozu (Vitis vinifera L. ye.) grape berries were determined. The test samples were obtained from an organic commercial vineyard in Diyarbakir province, which is located in the southeastern part of Turkey. The tests were carried out during the different phenological stages of the veraison (30 August), 15 days after veraison (15 September) and harvesting time (30 September) in 2016. Some basic important berry ripening and harvesting parameters such as the maximum berry detachment force (FDF) from cluster and berry skin firmness were measured in Newton (N) by using a pull digital force gauge. Total soluble solids content (TSSC), pH and total acidity values were determined at three different phenological stages. The results show that the size of grape berries increased with period of maturity. The average length, width and thickness were obtained as 19.42 mm, 17.57 mm, and 17.53 mm, respectively. While weight of berries, TSSC, pH and, maturity index increased, BDF, BDF/W ratio, skin firmness, and acidity decreased with phenological stages and axial dimensions. The berries detachment force was decreased from 3.56 N to 2.69 N, while berries weight increased from 3.45 g to 4.42 g depend on phenological stages. Also, there were found closely relationships between mechanical and ripening properties of berries depend on phenological stages. While DF, FDF/W and skin firmness decreased, soluble solids content (17.50-23.97 %) and pH (3.53-3.76) values increased with phenological stages, whereas the total acids were slight changed and reduced from 0.462 to 0.273 %.

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