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    Determination and assesment of the sex chromosomes of male trees of pstachio (Pistacia vera L.) using in vitro culture
    (Southern Cross Publ, 2011) Tilkat, Emine Ayaz; Namli, Sureyya; Isikalan, Cigdem
    The chromosome number and karyotype analysis of male trees of P. vera L. was investigated to determine the sex chromosomes. For karyological determination, root tips were obtained from in vitro derived shoots. Afterwards fifty plates of mitosis were used for the karyotyping, the five best metaphase plates were measured for karyotype analysis, karyogram and idiogram. The conclusions obtained from the chromosome studies illustrated that the chromosome complement of P. vera L. has 2n = 30 chromosome pairs with metacentric, submetacentric, subtelocentric and telocentric centromeres. Karyotype analysis revealed that male trees of P. vera L. have heteromorphic sex chromosomes (Xy). The largest pair of chromosomes have different physical features from the other pairs. Neither polyploidy nor satellite was detected on any of these chromosome plates.
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    Direct plant regeneration from in vitro-derived leaf explants of Hypericum spectabile, a medicinal plant
    (Academic Journals, 2011) Akbas, Filiz; Isikalan, Cigdem; Namli, Sureyya; Karakus, Pinar; Basaran, Davut
    An efficient and reproducible procedure is described for direct plant regeneration using in vitro regenerated leaf explants of Hypericum spectabile. The leaf explants were cultured on MS media supplemented with six different concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 mg/L) of BAP and kinetin seperately. All of the BAP concentration, shoot regeneration occurred directly without callus formation, but the number of shoots changed, depending on the different concentrations of BAP. The highest and the lowest number of shoots were obtained on the medium supplemented with 1.0 and 2.5 mg/L of BAP (90 to 50%, respectively). In the present study, the medium containing 0.25, 0.5 and 2.5 mg/L Kin did not promote adventitious shoots formation. Among concentrations of Kin, the best results in terms of both shoots number and morphogenic properties were obtained from MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L Kin (60%). In vitro regenerated plants induced roots on half-strength MS medium containing all the concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/L) of IAA. However, the medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IAA (100%) was found to be optimum for inducing root. Rooted 5- to 6-week-old in vitro regenerated plants were transferred into a greenhouse for acclimatization.
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    Effect of Cytokinins on In Vitro Propagation of Ajuga xylorrhiza Kit Tan (Critically Endangered), Endemic to Turkey
    (Springer, 2020) Isikalan, Cidem; Orcan, Pinar; Akbas, Filiz; Namli, Sureyya; Kuru, Ibrahim Selcuk; Bulus, Serife
    Ajuga xylorrhiza Kit Tan is a rare endemic perennial species growing in the stony habitats in Southeastern Anatolia region, Turkey. An efficient and reproducible protocol has been developed for micropropagation of endangered Ajuga xylorrhiza. Shoots were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium, supplemented with various concentrations of 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP), thidiazuron (TDZ), and kinetin (Kin). The optimal shoot formation was with the medium containing 0.125 mg L-1 BAP (7.91 shoots per explant), and 0.25 mg L-1 Kin (4.9 shoots per explant) was recorded. The best result in terms of shoot length (3.43 to 3.63 cm) was obtained from the Kin treatments. Kin parameters were more effective on shoot length and multiple shoot production than BAP and TDZ. For rooting, regenerated shoots were transferred to 1/4 strength MS medium containing two different concentrations of indole acetic acid (IAA) and alpha-naphthalenetic acid (NAA) at 0 (control), 0.5, or 1.0 mg L-1.The best results in terms of the number of roots per shoot were obtained from the medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 IAA (3.10 roots per explant). Rooted plantlets were transferred to soil for acclimization with 100% success rate.
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    Effects of UV-B radiation on total phenolic, flavonoid and hypericin contents in Hypericum retusum Aucher grown under in vitro conditions
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) Namli, Sureyya; Isikalan, Cigdem; Akbas, Filiz; Toker, Zuhal; Tilkat, Emine Ayaz
    This study was conducted to increase total phenolics, flavonoids and hypericin accumulation in in vitro cultures of Hypericum retusum Aucher to determine the appropriate time of UV radiations. Proliferation of plantlets on Murashige-Skoog medium containing 0.5 mg L-1 N-6-benzylaminopurine was achieved under in vitro conditions. Then, the plantlets were exposed to UV-B radiation for different periods (15, 30, 45 and 60 min). The highest total phenolics, flavonoids and hypericin accumulation (43.17 +/- 0.8; 35.09 +/- 0.8; 2.7 +/- 0.05 mg g(-1), respectively) was achieved at 45 minutes of exposure to UV-B radiation when compared with the contents of naturally growing plants (23.33 +/- 0.9, 18.62 +/- 0.3 and 1.6 +/- 0.01 mg g(-1), respectively) and control groups (control group was not subjected to UV-B radiation).
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    THE IMPACTS OF DIFFERENT AUXINS ON PHENOLIC CONTENTS AND THE TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF HYPERICUM RETUSUM AUCHER
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Namli, Sureyya; Kara, Yesim; Isikalan, Cigdem; Akbas, Filiz; Vaizogullar, Hayser Ertem
    The study was aimed to evaluate the effects of different auxins on phenolic contents and antioxidant potential of methanolic extract of Hypericum retusum Aucher (Clusiaceae) plantlets grown under in vitro conditions. After seed sterilisation and germination, shoot proliferations were performed. In this study, shoots were separately cultured in the medium containing BAP (0.5 mgl(-1)) combined with three different auxins (0.25 mgl(-1) IAA, NAA, IBA) and the highest number of shoots was obtained on medium supplemented with 0.5 mgl(-1) BAP. The highest total antioxidant capacity and phenolic contents were observed auxins. The methanol extracts of plantlets grown in vitro conditions showed the strongest free radical scavenging capacities at concentrations of 100 and 150 mu g/ml. It has been found that auxins and in vitro growth conditions have a significant effect on the total antioxidant capacity and phenolic contents.
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    Improved in vitro rooting of almond (Amygdalus communis) cultivar 'Nonpareil'
    (Southern Cross Publ, 2011) Namli, Sureyya; Isikalan, Cigdem; Akbas, Filiz; Basaran, Davut
    An efficient method was developed for rooting of almond (Amygdalus communis L.) cultivar, Nonpariel. Apical shoots of almond (A. communis L.) Nonpareil were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1.0 mgl(-1) BA for micropropagation. After 3 weeks cultured elongated shoots were excised and their response to a range of rooting treatments investigated. Three experiments were conducted. 1) Elongated shoots were excised and their response to a range of rooting treatments investigated. Basal end of almond shoots were dipped 1.0 g/l of IBA at different times (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 seconds) and (10,15, 20, 25, 30, 35 minutes) for rooting of almond shoots. Then, the dipped shoots were cultured on modifiye Murashige and Skoog medium (1/2 and 1/4) free hormone respectively. 2) Shoots (2-3 cm in length) were excised and the basal end dipped in 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 mM IBA for 3 min, then placed in the modified half strength MS medium with 2% sucrose, 0,7 % w/v agar(Agar-Agar, sigma) without plant growth regulators. Cultures were placed in the dark for 4 days prior to transfer to a 25 +/- 2 degrees C with 16 h photo period (40 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) provided with mercury fluorescent lamps. 3) Shoots were cultured basic MS culture medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) containing 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 mu M IBA. The best root formation observed on the MS media (half strength) and dipped shoots 10, 15, 30 and 35 minutes at 1.0 g/l of IBA.
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    INDIRECT SHOOT REGENERATION FROM IN VITRO-DERIVED ROOT AND LEAF EXPLANTS OF HYPERICUM SPECTABILE
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2011) Isikalan, Cigdem; Akbas, Filiz; Namli, Sureyya; Karakus, Pinar
    An applicable regeneration protocol through in vitro indirect organogenesis of Hypericum spectabile was developed. Leaf and root explants taken from in vitro grown seedlings were used as explants for callus induction. The explants were inoculated onto Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of benzilaminopurin (BAP; 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg l(-1)) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D; 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg l(-1)). Callus initiation was observed in all media evaluated from leaf and root explants after two weeks (about 10-15 days) of culture. The best callus induction was observed in leaf explants in the treatment containing 1.0 mg l(-1) BAP + 2.0 mg l(-1) 2.4-D was compact-granular and green in color, while in the other treatments the calli were yellowish-light green and friable (loose). For shoot formation, calli were transferred into different BAP concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg l(-1)) separately. Numerous shoots were obtained all media tested. Although the highest number of shoots produced on medium supplemented with 1.5 mg l(-1) BAP (25.15 shoots per explant), the best result was observed in the treatment containing 0.5 mg l(-1) BAP in terms of shoot development and morphogenic properties. The number of shoots produced was 22.75 per explant in these medium.
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    Influence of different cytokinins used in in vitro culture on the stoma morphology of pistachio (Pistacia vera L. cv. Siirt)
    (Academic Journals, 2007) Namli, Sureyya; Ayaz, Emine
    Three different cytokinins (BA, kinetin and TDZ at 1 mg/l) were tested in order to study their effects on pistachio stoma morphology. Additional BA concentrations of 0.25, 0.625 and 2 mg/l were also tested. The stoma morphology of pistachio leaves in vitro was affected by cytokinins. Stomas obtained from 1 mg/l BA medium were similar to those developed in vivo. TDZ, kinetin and other BA concentrations resulted in abnormal stoma development.
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    Micrografting of almond (Amygdalus communis) cultivar 'Nonpareil'
    (Southern Cross Publ, 2011) Isikalan, Cigdem; Namli, Sureyya; Akbas, Filiz; Ak, Bekir Erol
    Effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) were investigated on micropropagation of scions and micrografting of almond (Amygdalus communis) cultivar 'Nonpareil'. In vitro germinated wild almond seedlings developed from seeds were used as rootstocks. The mature apical or subapical shoot tips of almond cultivar 'Nonpareil' were used as material for establishment of the microscions cultures. The shoot tips were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 4.0 mg l(-1)) of N-6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The data showed that the increase in BAP concentration resulted in significant reduction at the shoot regeneration rate. Among all tested groups, the highest regeneration rate was obtained on medium containing 1.0 mg l(-1) BAP. The regenerated adventitious shoots from in vitro cultures were cultured on media containing BAP (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg l(-1)) combined with 0.2 and 0.4 mg l(-1) indole butyric acid (IBA) separately for development of shoots. The best respond was observed from MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l(-1) BAP + 0.2 mg l(-1) IBA. The effects of BAP and IBA (1.0 mg l(-1)) were studied on development of micrografted plantlets. Regenerated shoots tips, which were micrografted onto in vitro germinated wild almond seedlings. The results indicated that the most graft rate and new shoots formation were obtained 1.0 mg l(-1) BAP. In vitro micrografted plantlets were successfully transferred into commercial plastic pots for acclimatization.