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Adventitious shoot development from leaf and stem explants of Amygdalus communis L. cv. Yaltinski
(Southern Cross Publ, 2010) Isikalan, Cigdem; Akbas, Filiz; Namli, Suereyya; Basaran, Davut
In the present research effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on callus formation and adventitious shoot from different explants of Amygdalus communis L.cv. Yaltinski was investigated. Callus was initiated from leaf and stem explants on MS medium supplemented with four different auxin (IAA, NAA, IBA and 2, 4-D) combined with BAP (1.0 mg l(-1)) under dark and light conditions. Among all the concentrations of auxin the best result from leaf explants was observed with the 1.0: 1.0 and 2.0:1.0 NAA plus BAP treatments (90%, 88% respectively) under light conditions. Only non-embryogenic callus on leaf explants obtained in the concentrations (1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mg l(-1)) of auxin. The obtained calli from leaf explants cultured on MS media containing different concentrations of BAP (1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 mg l(-1)) for adventitious shoot development. Calli showed some proliferation after it was transferred to the media, but did not show any embryogenic response. In our research, the highest callus induction (80%) was obtained on medium containing 1.0: 1.0 2,4-D plus BAP, under the dark (7 days) conditions for stem explants. Moreover, at the same medium and under the same conditions embryogenic calli was obtained as well. Calli showed adventitious shoot development after it was transferred to medium containing 4.0 mg l(-1) BAP, but other concentrations of BAP (2.0, 6.0, 8.0 mg l(-1)) did not show any embryogenic response. The medium supplemented with 4.0: 1.0 IAA plus BAP provided root development directly from the yaltinski stem explants under the dark conditions (7 days).
Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration from Different Explants of Actinidia deliciosa
(Springer, 2009) Akbas, Filiz; Isikalan, Cigdem; Namli, Suereyya
In this study, an efficient procedure was developed for callus induction and regeneration of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) using different organs of shoots developed under in vitro conditions. Effects of explants source and media (M-1, 1.0 mg l(-1) BA + 2.0 mg l(-1) 2,4-D-M-2, 1.0 mg l(-1) NAA + 2.0 mg l(-1) 2,4-D) on initiation of callus were examined in order to obtain callus for organogenesis. The best callus for plant regeneration was obtained from leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog's medium (MS) supplemented with M-2. Formation of callus from leaf of kiwifruit (A. deliciosa) was cultured in MS medium containing different concentration of N-6-benzylaminopurin (BA; 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 mg l(-1)) for callus proliferation and plant regeneration. Although the first shoot formation was appeared in medium containing 6.0 and 8.0 mg l(-1) BA, the best shoots formation was obtained in medium with 4.0 mg l(-1) BA.
Determination and assesment of the sex chromosomes of male trees of pstachio (Pistacia vera L.) using in vitro culture
(Southern Cross Publ, 2011) Tilkat, Emine Ayaz; Namli, Sureyya; Isikalan, Cigdem
The chromosome number and karyotype analysis of male trees of P. vera L. was investigated to determine the sex chromosomes. For karyological determination, root tips were obtained from in vitro derived shoots. Afterwards fifty plates of mitosis were used for the karyotyping, the five best metaphase plates were measured for karyotype analysis, karyogram and idiogram. The conclusions obtained from the chromosome studies illustrated that the chromosome complement of P. vera L. has 2n = 30 chromosome pairs with metacentric, submetacentric, subtelocentric and telocentric centromeres. Karyotype analysis revealed that male trees of P. vera L. have heteromorphic sex chromosomes (Xy). The largest pair of chromosomes have different physical features from the other pairs. Neither polyploidy nor satellite was detected on any of these chromosome plates.
Direct plant regeneration from in vitro-derived leaf explants of Hypericum spectabile, a medicinal plant
(Academic Journals, 2011) Akbas, Filiz; Isikalan, Cigdem; Namli, Sureyya; Karakus, Pinar; Basaran, Davut
An efficient and reproducible procedure is described for direct plant regeneration using in vitro regenerated leaf explants of Hypericum spectabile. The leaf explants were cultured on MS media supplemented with six different concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 mg/L) of BAP and kinetin seperately. All of the BAP concentration, shoot regeneration occurred directly without callus formation, but the number of shoots changed, depending on the different concentrations of BAP. The highest and the lowest number of shoots were obtained on the medium supplemented with 1.0 and 2.5 mg/L of BAP (90 to 50%, respectively). In the present study, the medium containing 0.25, 0.5 and 2.5 mg/L Kin did not promote adventitious shoots formation. Among concentrations of Kin, the best results in terms of both shoots number and morphogenic properties were obtained from MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L Kin (60%). In vitro regenerated plants induced roots on half-strength MS medium containing all the concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/L) of IAA. However, the medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IAA (100%) was found to be optimum for inducing root. Rooted 5- to 6-week-old in vitro regenerated plants were transferred into a greenhouse for acclimatization.
The effect of different plant hormones (PGRs) on multiple shoots of Hypericum retusum Aucher
(Southern Cross Publ, 2010) Namli, Suereyya; Akbas, Filiz; Isikalan, Cigdem; Tilkat, Emine Ayaz; Basaran, Davut
Use of Hypericum species have increased in the past few years due to the antidepressant and antiviral activities found in extracts of those plants. As a result of its potential as a pharmaceutical, a new system was developed for in vitro culture of this species. The goal of this investigation was to produce multiple shoot via in vitro techniques for Hypericum retusum Aucher. In vitro germination of the seeds was standardized on Murashige and Skoog (MS) hormone-free medium. Cultures were initiated from shoots inoculated onto MS medium supplemented individually with nine different concentrations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Kinetin (Kn). The highest number of shoots was obtained on medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l(-1) BAP (64.25 shoot/explant). Out of all the investigated concentrations of Kn, the best result was obtained on medium supplemented with 1.5 mg l(-1) Kn (27.87 shoot/explant). In addition, shoots were cultured separately on the media containing BAP (0.5 mgl(-1)) and Kn (1.5 mgl(-1)) combined with three different auxins (0.25 mgl(-1) IAA, IBA, NAA). In view of number and length of shoot the best result was obtained on the medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l(-1) BAP + 0.25 mg l(-1) IBA (54.12 shoot/explant, 3.36 length of shoot). In the presented study, the use of the BAP alone was the most efficient for shoot propagation. Rooted plantlets were acclimatized and successfully transferred to soil.
Effect of plant growth regulators on in vitro shoot multiplication of Amygdalus communis L. cv. Yaltsinki
(Academic Journals, 2009) Akbas, Filiz; Isikalan, Cigdem; Namli, Suereyya; Ak, Bekir Erol
An efficient protocol was established for in vitro shoot multiplication from apical shoot tips derived from mature trees of almond (Amygdalus communis L.) cultivars, Yaltsinki. Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) medium containing various concentrations of 6-benzyladenin (BA) and kinetin (kin) for shoot multiplication. Shoot multiplication was best achieved from explant on MS medium containing 30 gl(-1) sucrose, 7 gl(-1) agar and 1.0 mgl(-1) BA. This amount of BA (1.0 mgl(-1)) gave the best multiple shoot formation response with an average of 16.10 shoots per explant. In addition, shoots were cultured on the media containing 1.0 mgl(-1) BA and kin combined with three different auxins (0.25 and 0.5 mgl(-1) of IAA, IBA and NAA) separately. It was noted that 1.0 mgl(-1) BA and kin combinated with NAA had inhibitory effect on new shoot formation and no shoot formation was induced. However, explants cultivated on medium containing 1.0 mgl(-1) BA and 0.5 mgl(-1) IAA resulted in 11.25 shoots per explant. The effect of four different sucrose concentrations (20, 30, 40, 50 gl(-1)) on the multiplication of shoots was also investigated. The best shoot multiplication was obtained in MS media containing 30 gl(-1) sucrose with an average of 15.40 shoots per explant.
THE EFFECT OF UV-B ON FATTY ACID CONTENT AND RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACTS FROM Hypericum retusum Aucher GROWN UNDER IN VITRO CONDITIONS
(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2013) Isikalan, Cigdem; Karakus, Pinar; Kuru, Ibrahim Selcuk; Celik, Kadir Serdar
The study was aimed to evaluate the effects of UV-B radiation on fatty acid content and antioxidant activity of a methanolic extract of Hypericum retusum Aucher plantlets grown under in vitro conditions. Therefore, the plantlets were exposed to UV-B radiation for different durations (Ti: 15, T-2: 30, T-3: 45, T-4: 60 min) The UV-B application led to increase in linolenic (42.84%), oleic (6.92%) and linoleic acid (28.48%) in H. retusum. The methanol extracts of plantlets grown in vitro conditions showed the strongest free radical scavenging activities at concentrations of 50, 100, and 300 mu g/mL(-1). It has been found that UV-B radiation and in vitro growth conditions have a significant effect on the accumulation of fatty acids. However, the free radical scavenging ability of H. retusum extract was decreased after UV-B application.
EFFECT OF UV-C ON PRODUCTION OF HYPERICIN IN Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra GROWN UNDER IN-VITRO CONDITIONS
(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2009) Namli, Suereyya; Toker, Zuhal; Isikalan, Cigdem; Oezen, Hasan Cetin
In this study, the effects of UV-C radiation on the increasing of hypericin in Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra were investigated by using in vitro techniques. The mature seeds of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra were germinated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium without hormone under in vitro conditions, and the shoots obtained were successfully reproduced in MS medium supplemented with 0.25 mg L-1 BA (N-6-benzylaminopurine). The UV-C radiation was applied to Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra at different periods (15, 30, 45, 60 min). Although the hypericin content increased at 15-min UV-C radiation, it decreased after 60 min of application. Depending upon different parameters of UV-C radiation, some morphological alterations were observed in shoots.
Effects of UV-B radiation on total phenolic, flavonoid and hypericin contents in Hypericum retusum Aucher grown under in vitro conditions
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) Namli, Sureyya; Isikalan, Cigdem; Akbas, Filiz; Toker, Zuhal; Tilkat, Emine Ayaz
This study was conducted to increase total phenolics, flavonoids and hypericin accumulation in in vitro cultures of Hypericum retusum Aucher to determine the appropriate time of UV radiations. Proliferation of plantlets on Murashige-Skoog medium containing 0.5 mg L-1 N-6-benzylaminopurine was achieved under in vitro conditions. Then, the plantlets were exposed to UV-B radiation for different periods (15, 30, 45 and 60 min). The highest total phenolics, flavonoids and hypericin accumulation (43.17 +/- 0.8; 35.09 +/- 0.8; 2.7 +/- 0.05 mg g(-1), respectively) was achieved at 45 minutes of exposure to UV-B radiation when compared with the contents of naturally growing plants (23.33 +/- 0.9, 18.62 +/- 0.3 and 1.6 +/- 0.01 mg g(-1), respectively) and control groups (control group was not subjected to UV-B radiation).
EVALUATION OF SALINITY TOLERANCE IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) USING WATER POTENTIAL, BIOMASS, MEMBRAN DAMAGE AND OSMOPROTECTIVE COMPOUND
(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2019) Orcan, Pinar; Isikalan, Cigdem; Akbas, Filiz
We investigated the physiological (biomass, water relative content-RWC) and biochemical responses (osmoprotective compound-prolin, membran damage-MDA) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties against stress factor at different concentrations (100, 200 and 300 mM NaCI). 2 local populations (Karacadag, Hazro) and six rice varieties namely, Gala, Edirne, Sumnu, Negi, Tunca and Aromatik-1 were included in this study. As NaCI concentration increased, RWC decreased at different levels depending on the varieties, but the greatest decrease was detected in Gala (66%) and Karacadag (74%). However, Tunca (85%) and Aromatik-1 (86%) were selected as the least affected varieties even at high NaCI concentration (300 mM). After 10 days of applications, the increase in proline (pro) content varied according to the varieties of rice and duration of application. When the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of the varieties were examined, it was determined that $umnu and Gala were highly affected even at 100 mM NaCI. Severe stress factor (300 mM NaCI) caused MDA increase in Tunca and Aromatik-1 but this increase were found higher in Karacadag, Neg4 and Gala. As a result, when all parameters are evaluated Gala and Karacadag was found a higher sensitivity while Tunca and Aromatik-1 had tolerant against salinity.
THE IMPACTS OF DIFFERENT AUXINS ON PHENOLIC CONTENTS AND THE TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF HYPERICUM RETUSUM AUCHER
(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Namli, Sureyya; Kara, Yesim; Isikalan, Cigdem; Akbas, Filiz; Vaizogullar, Hayser Ertem
The study was aimed to evaluate the effects of different auxins on phenolic contents and antioxidant potential of methanolic extract of Hypericum retusum Aucher (Clusiaceae) plantlets grown under in vitro conditions. After seed sterilisation and germination, shoot proliferations were performed. In this study, shoots were separately cultured in the medium containing BAP (0.5 mgl(-1)) combined with three different auxins (0.25 mgl(-1) IAA, NAA, IBA) and the highest number of shoots was obtained on medium supplemented with 0.5 mgl(-1) BAP. The highest total antioxidant capacity and phenolic contents were observed auxins. The methanol extracts of plantlets grown in vitro conditions showed the strongest free radical scavenging capacities at concentrations of 100 and 150 mu g/ml. It has been found that auxins and in vitro growth conditions have a significant effect on the total antioxidant capacity and phenolic contents.
Improved in vitro rooting of almond (Amygdalus communis) cultivar 'Nonpareil'
(Southern Cross Publ, 2011) Namli, Sureyya; Isikalan, Cigdem; Akbas, Filiz; Basaran, Davut
An efficient method was developed for rooting of almond (Amygdalus communis L.) cultivar, Nonpariel. Apical shoots of almond (A. communis L.) Nonpareil were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1.0 mgl(-1) BA for micropropagation. After 3 weeks cultured elongated shoots were excised and their response to a range of rooting treatments investigated. Three experiments were conducted. 1) Elongated shoots were excised and their response to a range of rooting treatments investigated. Basal end of almond shoots were dipped 1.0 g/l of IBA at different times (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 seconds) and (10,15, 20, 25, 30, 35 minutes) for rooting of almond shoots. Then, the dipped shoots were cultured on modifiye Murashige and Skoog medium (1/2 and 1/4) free hormone respectively. 2) Shoots (2-3 cm in length) were excised and the basal end dipped in 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 mM IBA for 3 min, then placed in the modified half strength MS medium with 2% sucrose, 0,7 % w/v agar(Agar-Agar, sigma) without plant growth regulators. Cultures were placed in the dark for 4 days prior to transfer to a 25 +/- 2 degrees C with 16 h photo period (40 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) provided with mercury fluorescent lamps. 3) Shoots were cultured basic MS culture medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) containing 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 mu M IBA. The best root formation observed on the MS media (half strength) and dipped shoots 10, 15, 30 and 35 minutes at 1.0 g/l of IBA.
In vitro micropropagation of almond (Amygdalus communis L. cv. Nonpareil)
(Academic Journals, 2008) Isikalan, Cigdem; Akbas, Filiz Adiyaman; Namli, Suereyya; Tilkat, Engin; Basaran, Davut
An efficient in vitro propagation method was developed for almond (Amygdalus communis L. cv. Nonpareil). The effect of BA and kinetin (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mgl(-1)) on the culture initiation of zygotic embryos isolated from mature seeds was investigated. A Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) medium containing 30 gl(-1) sucrose, 0.5 and 1.0 mgl(-1) N-6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 7 gl(-1) agar resulted in a multiple shoot initiation at the rate of 11.0 +/- 1.32 and 14.7 +/- 2.12 shoot per explant, respectively, in 28 days of culture. The effects of a low concentration of BA (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mgl(-1)) and different combinations of auxin + cytokinin were investigated for shoot proliferation. The best results for new shoot production were obtained from a MS culture medium which was supplemented with 1.0 mgl(-1) BA. The rooting was achieved in a MS medium supplemented with 8.0 mgl(-1) indole acetic acid (IAA). The in vitro raised plants were acclimatized in a growth room and successfully transplanted to the field. This method here in described will be useful for the rapid multiplication of almond (A. communis L. cv. Nonpareil) in commercial exploitation.
INDIRECT SHOOT REGENERATION FROM IN VITRO-DERIVED ROOT AND LEAF EXPLANTS OF HYPERICUM SPECTABILE
(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2011) Isikalan, Cigdem; Akbas, Filiz; Namli, Sureyya; Karakus, Pinar
An applicable regeneration protocol through in vitro indirect organogenesis of Hypericum spectabile was developed. Leaf and root explants taken from in vitro grown seedlings were used as explants for callus induction. The explants were inoculated onto Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of benzilaminopurin (BAP; 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg l(-1)) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D; 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg l(-1)). Callus initiation was observed in all media evaluated from leaf and root explants after two weeks (about 10-15 days) of culture. The best callus induction was observed in leaf explants in the treatment containing 1.0 mg l(-1) BAP + 2.0 mg l(-1) 2.4-D was compact-granular and green in color, while in the other treatments the calli were yellowish-light green and friable (loose). For shoot formation, calli were transferred into different BAP concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg l(-1)) separately. Numerous shoots were obtained all media tested. Although the highest number of shoots produced on medium supplemented with 1.5 mg l(-1) BAP (25.15 shoots per explant), the best result was observed in the treatment containing 0.5 mg l(-1) BAP in terms of shoot development and morphogenic properties. The number of shoots produced was 22.75 per explant in these medium.
Micrografting of almond (Amygdalus communis) cultivar 'Nonpareil'
(Southern Cross Publ, 2011) Isikalan, Cigdem; Namli, Sureyya; Akbas, Filiz; Ak, Bekir Erol
Effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) were investigated on micropropagation of scions and micrografting of almond (Amygdalus communis) cultivar 'Nonpareil'. In vitro germinated wild almond seedlings developed from seeds were used as rootstocks. The mature apical or subapical shoot tips of almond cultivar 'Nonpareil' were used as material for establishment of the microscions cultures. The shoot tips were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 4.0 mg l(-1)) of N-6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The data showed that the increase in BAP concentration resulted in significant reduction at the shoot regeneration rate. Among all tested groups, the highest regeneration rate was obtained on medium containing 1.0 mg l(-1) BAP. The regenerated adventitious shoots from in vitro cultures were cultured on media containing BAP (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg l(-1)) combined with 0.2 and 0.4 mg l(-1) indole butyric acid (IBA) separately for development of shoots. The best respond was observed from MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l(-1) BAP + 0.2 mg l(-1) IBA. The effects of BAP and IBA (1.0 mg l(-1)) were studied on development of micrografted plantlets. Regenerated shoots tips, which were micrografted onto in vitro germinated wild almond seedlings. The results indicated that the most graft rate and new shoots formation were obtained 1.0 mg l(-1) BAP. In vitro micrografted plantlets were successfully transferred into commercial plastic pots for acclimatization.
Studies on Accumulation of Mn2+ by Nasturtium officinale in Water by Biosorption
(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2009) Opak-Kara, Yesim; Basaran, Davut; Isikalan, Cigdem
In present study, Nasturtium officinale has been used as a plant. The plant has been collected from the campus of Dicle university. The study has been achieved in vitro. Air roots of the plant with the same number and morphology of leaf has been chosen. For biosorption of Mn2+ metal ions by Nasturtium officinale, the solutions were prepared as 0.1; 0.3; 0.5; 1; 2; 3; 4 and 5 ppm, respectively. Water samples has been prepared from 1000 ppm stock and put them to balon joje. After this process, the plants have been transferred to the erlens and wait for 24,48 and 72 h. The erlens have been tightly closed with parafilm. The general appearence of the plants have been observed at the beginning and after 24 h. The plants has been analyzed with atomic absorption spectrometry by receiving 2 mL of water samples for calculation of concentration. The A and B values have been found by drawing the calibration lines in UV. The wet weight has been measured with sensitive balance. The quantity of Mn2+ absorption of plants has been calculated with the dependence of the wet weight.

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