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    Antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and antimicrobial activities and fatty acid constituents of Achillea cappadocica Hausskn. et Bornm.
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2014) Ertas, Abdulselam; Boga, Mehmet; Hasimi, Nesrin; Yesil, Yeter; Goren, Ahmet Ceyhan; Topcu, Gulacti; Kolak, Ufuk
    This study was the first fatty acid analysis and biological activity report on an endemic Achillea species, Achillea cappadocica Hausskn. et Bornm. The major compounds in the fatty acid were identified as oleic (34.7%), palmitic (23.1%), and linoleic acids (20.6%). The methanol and water extracts indicated higher ABTS cation radical scavenging activity than that of alpha-tocopherol and BHT at 100 mu g/mL. The acetone extract showed 70.62% inhibitory activity against butyrylcholinesterase at 200 mu g/mL. The acetone and methanol extracts exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity.
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    Bioguided Isolation of Secondary Metabolites fromSalvia cerino-pruinosa Rech. f. var. cerino-pruinosa
    (2021) Kolak, Ufuk; Ertas, Abdulselam; Firat, Mehmet; Cakirca, Hatice; Topcu, Gulacti; Yener, Ismail; Akdeniz, Mehmet
    In the current study, the ethanol extracts prepared from the aerial parts and roots of an endemicspecies, Salvia cerino-pruinosa Rech. f. var. cerino-pruinosa were fractionated on silica gel columns and testedfor determination of their antioxidant activity using DPPH free radical and ABTS cation radical scavenging, andcupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) test assays. Twenty known secondary metabolites were isolatedfrom the active antioxidant fractions; rosmarinic acid (1), chlorogenic acid (2), caffeic acid (3), 4- hydroxybenzoic acid (4), benzoic acid (5), luteolin 7-O-glucoside (6), bis-(2-ethylhexyl)benzene-1,2- dicarboxylate (7), salvianolic acid A (8), salvianolic acid B (9), 7-acetylroyleanone (10), 6,7-dehydroroyleanone(11), ferruginol (12), inuroyleanol (13), 12-hydroxy-6,7-secoabieta-8,11,13-triene-6,7-dial (14), ursolic acid(15), oleanolic acid (16), taraxasterol (17), lupenone (18), ?-sitosterol (19), and stigmasterol (20). Rosmarinicacid, which was obtained from the aerial parts, was found to be the best antioxidant compound among theisolated secondary metabolites in DPPH free radical and ABTS cation radical scavenging, and CUPRAC assays(IC50: 1.20±0.04 ?g/mL, IC50: 1.74±0.06 ?g/mL, A0.5: 1.22±0.02 ?g/mL, respectively). Chlorogenic and caffeicacids, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, salvianolic acids A and B, and inuroyleanol exhibited also high antioxidantactivity in the mentioned assays.
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    Biological and Chemical Comparison of Natural and CultivatedSamples of Satureja macrantha C.A.Mey.
    (2021) Akdeniz, Mehmet; Hasimi, Nesrin; Ertas, Abdulselam; Oksuz, Sevil; Demirkoz, Asli Barla; Resitoglu, Baris; Yener, Ismail
    In this study, investigation on the essential oils and ethanol extracts of naturally grown and cultivatedSatureja macrantha samples were reported. The essential oil, flavour and terpenoid-steroid-flavonoid contents of S.macrantha samples were determined by GC-MS and their phenolic contents by LC-MS/MS. Besides, the biologicalactivities of the samples were investigated for their antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer, antimicrobial, cytotoxic,antityrosinase, antiurease, antielastase and anticollagenase properties. The phenolic content and antioxidant capacityof the cultivated sample were higher than those of the naturally grown sample. According to the GC-MS results,terpinene-4-ol (30.9%) and p-cymene (56.7%) were determined as the major components in the essential oils of thenaturally grown and cultivated S. macrantha, respectively. The flavour analysis results showed that cis-sabinenehydrate (20.7%) and carvacrol (42.2%) were found to be the major components in the naturally grown and cultivatedsamples, respectively. While the naturally grown sample was rich in abietane diterpenoids (ferruginol (17.5 mganalyte/g extract) and sugiol (4.2 mg analyte/g extract)), these components were not detected in the cultivatedsample. The rosmarinic acid content (0.20 and 24.87 mg analyte/g extract, respectively) of the cultivated samplewas found to be significantly higher than that of the natural sample. The biological activities of the samples weredetermined to be changed in parallel with their chemical contents that are due to factors such as climatic conditions,and soil structure.
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    ?-Carotene Bleaching and ABTS Cation Radical Scavenging Activities of the Extracts from Different Parts of In Vivo and In Vitro Raised Pictacia lentiscus L.
    (Springer, 2016) Tilkat, L. Engin; Suzerer, Veysel; Izol, Ebubekir; Ertas, Abdulselam; Asan, Hilal Surmus; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Onay, Ahmet
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Characterization of the Chemical Profile of Euphorbia Species from Turkey by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and Liquid Chromatography-Ion Trap-Time-of-Flight-Mass Spectrometry (LC-IT-TOF-MS) and Chemometric Analysis
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2019) Yener, Ismail; Ertas, Abdulselam; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Olmez, Ozge Tokul; Yilmaz, Pelin Koseoglu; Yesil, Yeter; Kaplaner, Erhan
    The Euphorbiaceae family comprises of about 300 genera and 5000 species primarily distributed in America and tropical Africa. The Euphorbia genus is represented by 105 species and locally named as Sutlegen and Xasil in Turkey. The present study aimed to determine the chemical constituents of E. aleppica, E. eriophora, E. macroclada, E. grisophylla, E. seguieriana subsp. seguieriana, E. craspedia, E. denticulata, E. falcata, and E. fistulosa, and classify them by utilizing the chemometric techniques of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Linoleic acid, 17-tetratriacontane, palmitic acid, and hexatriacontane were the major fatty acids from the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses. Characterization of 268 constituents of the studied species was achieved by liquid chromatography-ion trap-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-IT-TOF-MS). Furthermore, a new liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitative determination of 11 compounds (quinic acid, protocatechuic acid, rutin, hesperidin, eugenol, p-coumaric acid, piceatannol, scopoletin, dl-kavain, chrysophanic acid, and resiniferatoxin) in these species. The developed method was validated for the linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, repeatability, and recovery.
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    Chemical Composition of The Essential Oils of Three Centaurea Species Growing Wild in Anatolia and Their Anticholinesterase Activities
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) Ertas, Abdulselam; Goren, Ahmet Ceyhan; Boga, Mehmet; Demirci, Serpil; Kolak, Ufuk
    This report represents the first study on the chemical composition of essential oil of endemic Centaurea lycopifolia. This report also represents the first study on the anticholinesterase activity of essential oils of C. lycopifolia, C. balsamita and C. iberica. Essential oils were obtained using a Clevenger apparatus by hydrodistillation from the whole parts of C. lycopifolia, C. balsamita and C. iberica. The essential oils composition of the plants were determined by GC-FID and GC-MS (gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry) analysis. The major component of the essential oils was identified as caryophyllene oxide (9.7 %) and spathulenol (7.3 %) for C. lycopifolia, alpha-selinene (8.5 %) and hexatriacontane (8.3 %) for C. balsamita and arachidic acid (25.3 %) and hexadecanoic acid (5.9 %) for C. iberica. The essential oils of three Centaurea species indicated moderate inhibitory effect against butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase enzyme, at 200 mu g/mL.
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    Chemical compositions by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS and biological activities of Chenopodium album subsp. album var. microphyllum
    (Elsevier, 2019) Yilmaz, Pelin Koseoglu; Ertas, Abdulselam; Akdeniz, Mehmet; Avci, Mine Kocyigit; Kolak, Ufuk
    Chenopodium species have been used in folk medicine and as vegetable for years. In the present study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, biological activities, phenolic constituents and fatty acid profile of Chenopodium album subsp. album var. microphyllum (Boen.) Aellen were determined for the first time. The antioxidant effects were investigated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity assays (CUPRAC). The Ellman method was applied for the determination of the cholinesterase inhibition activity. The phenolic constituents of the methanol extract and the fatty acid profile of the n-hexane extract were evaluated by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS, respectively. Acetone and methanol extracts showed similar DPPH free radical scavenging activities (0.68 +/- 0.07 and 0.68 +/- 0.05 mmol Trolox/g extract, respectively), whereas the cupric ion reducing capacity of the acetone extract was the highest (0.41 +/- 0.05 mmol Trolox/g extract). Acetone and methanol extracts had moderate butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities as 65.29 +/- 1.56% and 52.64 +/- 2.78%, respectively, whereas non of the extracts possessed anti-acetylcholinesterase effect. The methanol extract was found to contain significant amounts of hesperidin (9769.13 +/- 158.26 mu g/g extract) and rutin (2935.19 +/- 39.92 mu g/g extract). The major fatty acid constituents of the n-hexane extract were identified as myristic acid (18.26%) and cis-10-pentadecanoic acid (15.39%).
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    Chemical Compositions by Using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS and Biological Activities of Sedum sediforme (Jacq.) Pau
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2014) Ertas, Abdulselam; Boga, Mehmet; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Yesil, Yeter; Hasimi, Nesrin; Kaya, Meryem Seyda; Temel, Hamdi
    In this research, the chemical composition and biological activities of various extracts obtained from whole parts of Sedum sediforme (Jacq.) Pau were compared. The amounts of total phenolic and flavonoid components in crude extracts were determined by expression as pyrocatechol and quercetin equivalents, respectively. All of the extracts (petroleum ether, acetone, methanol, and water) obtained from S. sediforme showed strong antioxidant activity in four tested methods. Particularly, the IC50 values of the methanol extract, which was the richest in terms of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, were found to be lower than those of alpha-tocopherol and BHT in beta-carotene bleaching (9.78 +/- 0.06 mu g/mL), DPPH free radical scavenging (9.07 +/- 0.07 mu g/mL), and ABTS cation radical scavenging (5.87 +/- 0.03 mu g/mL) methods. Furthermore, the methanol extract of S. sediforme showed higher inhibition activity than galanthamine against acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase enzymes. Also, acetone and methanol extracts exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans. The main constituents of fatty acid and essential oil were identified as palmitic acid (C16:0) (28.8%) and alpha-selinene (20.4%), respectively, by GC-MS. In the methanol extract of S. sediforme, quercetin, rutin, naringenin, and protocatechuic, p-coumaric, caffeic, and chlorogenic acids were detected and quantified by LC-MS/MS. Results of the current study showed that the methanol extract of S. sediforme may also be used as a food supplement.
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    Chemical Profile and Biological Activities of Two Edible Plants: Chemical Investigation and Quantitative Analysis Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2016) Ertas, Abdulselam; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Boga, Mehmet; Hasimi, Nesrin; Yesil, Yeter; Goren, Ahmet C.; Temel, Hamdi
    The objectives of this study were to define the phenolic and fatty acid profiles, anticholinesterase, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities, and total phenolic-flavonoid contents of Lycopsis orientalis and Tragopogon latifolius var. angustifolius which have been used as food source and food supplement in Anatolia and have never been examined before. Rosmarinic and quinic acids (21.11 and 11.46 mg g(-1) extract, respectively) were found to be the most abundant constituents in L. orientalis and T. latifolius var. angustifolius among the studied 27 compounds by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. In the fatty acid compositions of L. orientalis and T. latifolius var. angustifolius that were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, oleic (29.1%) and palmitic (28.7%) acids were identified as the major components, respectively. The high antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of L. orientalis shows parallelism to its rosmarinic acid content. Besides, this extract showed medium anticholinesterase activity. The results of the present study proves that the L. orientalis might also be used as a food source due to its high phenolic acid content and strong antioxidant property.
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    Chemical profile and biological activities of Veronica thymoides subsp pseudocinerea
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Ertas, Abdulselam; Boga, Mehmet; Kizil, Murat; Ceken, Bircan; Goren, Ahmet Ceyhan; Hasimi, Nesrin; Demirci, Serpil
    Context: In Turkey, Veronica species (Plantaginaceae) have been used as a diuretic and for wound healing in traditional medicine. Objective: To examine the fatty acid and essential oil profiles, the antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antimicrobial, and DNA damage effects of Veronica thymoides P.H. Davis subsp. pseudocinerea M.A. Fischer as a potential source of natural active compounds. Materials and methods: GC/MS was used to analyze essential oil and fatty acid obtained from whole plant. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the beta-carotene-linoleic acid test system, DPPH-free and ABTS cation radicals scavenging, and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity assays. The anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities were determined by Ellman and broth macrodillution methods, respectively. The effect of the methanol extract on DNA cleavage was investigated. Results: Hexatriacontene (21.0%) was found to be the main constituent in essential oil, and linoleic acid (25.2%) and palmitic acid (20.6%) in fatty acid. Methanol extract demonstrated the best IC50 values in lipid peroxidation (49.81 +/- 0.31 mu g/ml) and DPPH-free radical scavenging activity (15.32 +/- 0.17 mu g/ml). Methanol and water extracts possessed strong ABTS cation radical scavenging activity with IC50 values 9.15 +/- 0.28 and 8.90 +/- 0.14 mu g/ml, respectively. The acetone extract exhibited moderate butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. The highest antimicrobial activity was determined in methanol extract against Escherichia coli with 31.25 mu g/ml MIC value. Inhibition of methanol extract on plasmid DNA cleavage by OH radicals was found to be 93.32% at 500 mu g/ml. Conclusion: The methanol extract having strong antioxidant and DNA damage effects could be investigated phytochemically to find natural active compounds.
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    Chemical profile by LC-MS/MS, GC/MS and antioxidant activities of the essential oils and crude extracts of two Euphorbia species
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Ertas, Abdulselam; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Firat, Mehmet
    In this study, it was aimed to investigate the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of two Euphorbia species. The major component of the fatty acid compositions obtained from the petroleum ether extracts was identified as palmitic acid for Euphorbia gaillardotii and Euphorbia macroclada. The main constituents of the essential oils were identified as arachidic acid for E. gaillardotii and tetratetracontane for E. macroclada. Among the 27 studied compounds, hesperidin, rutin, hyperoside and quinic, malic, gallic and tannic acids were found to be the most abundant compounds in the two Euphorbia species. The methanol extracts of E. gaillardotii and E. macroclada showed strong antioxidant activity in all tested methods. Particularly, IC50 values of E. macroclada methanol extract that was the richest in terms of total phenolic-flavonoid contents were found to be lower than alpha-tocopherol and butylated hydroxytoluene in beta-carotene bleaching, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free and ABTS cation radical scavenging methods.
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    Chemical Profile of Malva Neglecta and Malvella Sherardiana by LC-MS/MS, GC/MS and Their Anticholinesterase, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties With Aflatoxin-Contents
    (Marmara Univ, Fac Pharmacy, 2017) Hasimi, Nesrin; Ertas, Abdulselam; Oral, Elif Varhan; Yener, Ismail; Alkan, Huseyin; Boga, Mehmet; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah
    The purpose of the present work was to determine the phenolic and the fatty acids profiles by LC-MS/MS and GC/MS with their antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities, and aflatoxin contents of Malva neglecta and Malvella sherardiana. The phenolic contents of M. neglecta and M. sherardiana were determined by LC-MS/MS. Malic and 4-OH benzoic acids were found to be the most abundant compounds in M. neglecta and M. sherardiana, respectively. On the other hand, essential oil and fatty acid compositions were determined by GC/MS analysis. The methanol extracts of the plants showed the highest effect in all antioxidant assays in this study. The methanol extract of M. neglecta showed the highest activity among the petroleum ether, acetone, methanol and water extracts against acetyl-and butyryl-cholinesterase enzymes (53.68% and 63.95% inhibition ratio, respectively). The acetone extracts of M. neglacta and M. sherardiana exhibited moderate activity against C. albicans with 18 and 17 mm inhibion zone diameter, respectively. The results of the present study is also showed that the M. neglecta and M. sherardiana can also be used as a food source due to its high phenolic acid content and good antioxidant property. Also, the samples were aflatoxin free.
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    Comparison of Total Phenolic Content and Total Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils of Male and Female Pistacia lentiscus L.
    (Springer, 2016) Izol, L. Ebubekir; Suzerer, Veysel; Yigitkan, Serkan; Tilkat, Engin; Ertas, Abdulselam; Asan, Hilal Surmus; Onay, Ahmet
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    A comprehensive LC-MS/MS method validation for the quantitative investigation of 37 fingerprint phytochemicals in Achillea species: A detailed examination of A. coarctata and A. monocephala
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2018) Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Ertas, Abdulselam; Yener, Ismail; Akdeniz, Mehmet; Cakir, Oguz; Altun, Muhammed; Demirtas, Ibrahim
    The current study aims to optimize and validate a comprehensive LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of 37 phytochemicals (15 phenolic acids, 17 flavonoids, 3 non-phenolic organic acids, 1 phenolic aldehyde and 1 benzopyrene) in Achillea species. Though Achillea species were chosen as real life samples, the current method is applicable to a wide range of plant species. The developed method was fully validated in terms of linearity, accuracy (recovery), inter-day and intra-day precision (repeatability), limits of detection and quantification (LOD/LOQ) and relative standard uncertainty (U% at 95% confidence level (k = 2)). Reversed-phase ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography was optimized to achive optimum separation for 37 phytochemical compounds and to overcome the suppression effects. MS detection was performed using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer and negative or positive ionization modes were optimized for each analyte. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used to quantify the analytes, related molecular ions and transition ions were optimized. Phytochemical screening of ethanol and methanol-chloroform extracts of root and aerial parts of A. coarctata and A. monocephala were performed by using the developed and validated LC-MS/MS method. Root and aerial parts of both species have considerable amounts of certain phenolic-nonphenolic acids (quinic, malic, fumaric, chlorogenic and vanillic acids) and flavonoids (rutin, hesperidin, isoquercitrin, apigetrin, luteolin, apigenin). Additionally, total phenolic and flavonoid amounts, antioxidant (DPPH free radical scavenging assay, ABTS radical cation decolorization assay, beta-carotene lipid peroxidation test system and CUPRAC cupper reduction capacity methods), anticholinesterase, tyrosinase, urease inhibition and cytotoxic activities (on HeLa (Human Cervical Carcinoma Cell Line) of A. coarctata and A. monocephala were also investigated. It has been determined that the studied Achillea species, that are rich in total phenolic-flavonoid and chlorogenic acid contents, have high antioxidant and cytotoxic potential at the same time. According to the results of LC-MS/MS, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity studies, after detailed chemical investigation and toxicity studies on these species, A. coarctata and A. monocephala may be promoted as promising sources of natural agents and used for the development of nutraceuticals or functional food ingredients in future. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    A comprehensive study on chemical and biological profiles of three herbal teas in Anatolia; rosmarinic and chlorogenic acids
    (Elsevier, 2020) Ertas, Abdulselam; Yener, Ismail
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Content analysis, nanoparticle forming potential and acaricidal effects on Tick (Hyalomma marginatum) of essential oils from two common Thymbra species
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Kaya, Eda Cavus; Akdeniz, Mehmet; Ugurlu, Pelin; Yener, Ismail; Firat, Mehmet; Ertas, Abdulselam
    In this study, the fatty acid, essential oil and aroma composition of Thymbra sintenisii Bornm. & Aznav. subsp. sintenisii Bornm. & Aznav (TSS) and Thymbra sintenisii Bornm. & Azn. subsp. isaurica P.H.Davis (TSI) were determined by GC-MS. The cytotoxic activity was determined with MTT assay and antioxidant activities were determined with DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC methods. Urease, acetyl, butyryl, angiotensin, alpha-amylase, tyrosinase, elastase, and collagenase enzyme inhibition activities of these species were also determined. The acaricidal effects of essential oils from aerial parts of TSS and TSI on ticks and the nanoparticle formation potential of their essential oils with AgNO3 were determined and compared. The main components of TSS essential oil and aroma were determined as carvacrol and o-cemen (66.78 and 35.44%, respectively), the major components of TSI essential oil and aroma were carvacrol and gamma-terpinene (63.78 and 31.44%, respectively). The species exhibited remarkably high antioxidant activity, particularly in the ABTS and CUPRAC methods. It was also determined that the butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition activities (Inhibition%: 76.12 +/- 0.83 and 74.13 +/- 0.33, respectively) of the species were quite high. Moderate antimicrobial activity against the bacteria was observed for both essential oils, with MIC values ranging from 312 to 1250 mu g/mL. Moreover, essential oils of these species showed good acaricidal activity on Hyalomma marginatum (LC50: 11.82 mu g/mL for TSS; LC50: 57.64 mu g/mL for TSI). The high antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and acaracidal activities observed in both species are attributed to the presence of carvacrol in their essential oils. The species have potential to be used in food supplements-preservatives, pharmaceutical industry.
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    A detailed study on chemical and biological profile of nine Euphorbia species from Turkey with chemometric approach: Remarkable cytotoxicity of E-fistulasa and promising tannic acid content of E-eriophora
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2018) Yener, Ismail; Olmez, Ozge Tokul; Ertas, Abdulselam; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Firat, Mehmet; Kandemir, Sevgi Irtegun; Ozturk, Mehmet
    The propose of this study is to investigate the chemical constituents of nine Euphorbia species; namely, E. aleppica, E. eriophora, E. macroclada, E. grisophylla, E. seguieriana subsp. seguieriana, E. craspedia, E. denticulata, E. falcata and E. fistulosa by LC-MS/MS as well as their antioxidant, anticholinesterase, tyrosinase inhibitory, urease inhibitory and cytotoxic activities. Among 59 extracts prepared from the different parts of the mentioned Euphorbia species, E. seguieriana subsp. seguieriana leaf (IC50: 10.41 +/- 0.93 mu g/mL) in lipid peroxidation inhibitory by beta-carotene-linoleic acid assay exhibited the highest activity, while E. grisophylla root in DPPH free radical scavenging (IC50: 0.79 +/- 0.01 mu g/mL), E. grisophylla seed in ABTS cation radical scavenging (IC50: 8.93 +/- 0.02 mu g/mL), E. fistulosa root both in acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase inhibitory (53.71 +/- 1.89% and 77.63 +/- 0.60% inhibition, respectively), E. denticulata leaf in urease inhibitory (96.89 +/- 2.00% inhibition), and E. macroclada mixed in tyrosinase inhibitory (86.99 +/- 3.77% inhibition) activities. However in cytotoxic activity studies, E. denticulata against PDF fibroblast cell lines (IC50: 23.04 +/- 0.03 mu g/mL), E. craspedia against HT-29 cancer cell line (IC50: 13.74 +/- 0.02 mu g/mL), E. fistulosa against MCF-7 and DLD-1 cancer cell lines (IC50: 14.04 +/- 0.04 mu g/mL and IC50: 20.23 +/- 0.08 mu g/mL, respectively) indicated quite good activity. According to the LC-MS/MS results, these species were rich in quinic acid, malic acid and tannic acid, rutin, hesperidin and hyperoside. Incidentally, it was found that the E. eriophora possessed very strong irritating potential. A chemometric approach using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) techniques were also studied on collected data to reveal the relationship between chemical contents of different parts of these Euphorbia species, and their biological activities, together with regional differences. Overall, these species could be suggested as valuable sources of natural-bioactive agents for developing new functional, pharmacological and health promoting ingredients.
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    A detailed study on the chemical and biological profiles of essential oil and methanol extract of Thymus nummularius (Anzer tea): Rosmarinic acid
    (Elsevier, 2015) Ertas, Abdulselam; Boga, Mehmet; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Yesil, Yeter; Tel, Gulsen; Temel, Hamdi; Hasimi, Nesrin
    The aim of this study was to determine the chemical profile of Thymus nummularius by LC-MS/MS and GC/MS. Additionally, the methanol extract, essential oil and some individual main compounds of Thymus nummularius were tested for antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities. Besides, HPLC-FLD was used to determine total aflatoxin in the plant material. Among the twenty-seven compounds studied by LC-MS/MS, rosmarinic acid (131,898.9 +/- 6463.0 mu g/g dry-extract) was found to be the most abundant compound in the methanol extract. On the other hand, thymol (60.38%) and terpinyl-acetate (10.49%) were found to be the major compounds of the essential oil. Both the essential oil and the methanol extract of T. nummularius exhibited strong antioxidant activity in the four tested methods. Furthermore, the essential oil showed high inhibitory activity against acetyl-,butyryl-cholinesterase enzymes and very strong antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms. Besides, T. nummularius can be used both as rosmarinic acid source and as food supplement due to its non-aflatoxin content and high antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Determination of enzyme inhibition potential and anticancer effects of pistacia khinjuk stocks raised in in vitro and in vivo conditions
    (MDPI, 2021) Tilkat, Emine Ayaz; Batıbay, Hayri; Yener, İsmail; Yılmaz, Pelin Köseoğlu; Akdeniz, Mehmet; Kaplan, Alevcan; Ercişli, Sezai; Ertas, Abdulselam; Holubec, Vojtech
    In this study, antihypertensive, anticholinesterase, antiurease, antityrosinase and antielastase enzyme inhibition and anticancer activities of in vivo (male and female) and in vitro samples (root, stem and leaf parts) of the Pistacia khinjuk Stocks were investigated comparatively. In this context, in vitro shoot cultures were obtained from germinated mature seeds. Then, the juvenile shoots were proliferated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP). In terms of anticancer activity, the whole of the samples studied was found to have apoptotic effects against MCF-7 (breast cancer) and HT-29 (colon cancer) cell lines. The extracts obtained from in vivo female root parts showed better cytotoxicity than all the other tested extracts on MCF-7 (IC50: 31.86 +/- 1.40 mu g/mL) and HT-29 cell series (IC50: 59.60 +/- 0.69 mu g/mL). Even though all the samples showed a strong butyrylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition (BChE) activity, it was detected that none of the samples had shown acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition (AChE). It was also determined that in vivo leaf samples of female trees had the highest BChE activity (Inhibition%: 75.20 +/- 1.50). All the samples showed a low-moderate level of urease and tyrosinase enzyme activity, while in vivo samples showed a significant level of the elastase enzyme activities (Inhibition%: 58.72 for female root extracts; 58.25 for female leaf extracts, at 50 mu g/mL concentration), and they were more active than the standard oleanolic acid (Inhibition%: 39.46 +/- 0.52). The antihypertensive activities as the inhibition of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) of in vivo samples (Inhibition%: 95.88 for female stem extracts; 95.18 for female root extracts) were detected as close to the standard (Inhibition%: 96.64 +/- 1.85) used. In general, it can be stated that in vivo samples had higher biological activities compared to in vitro ones. Consequently, according to our results, it was concluded that in vitro stem parts of khinjuk pistachio could also be evaluated as an alternative new antihypertensive, antielastase and anticancer agent source.
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    Elucidation of Phosphodiesterase-1 Inhibitory Effect of Some Selected Natural Polyphenolics Using In Vitro and In Silico Methods
    (Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2017) Rauf, Abdur; Orhan, Ilkay Erdogan; Ertas, Abdulselam; Temel, Hamdi; Ben Hadda, Taibi; Saleem, Muhammad; Raza, Muslim
    Background: Polyphenols are organic compounds widely found in plants and possess many diverse biological activities. In the current study, eleven polyphenolic compounds [ rutin (1), trans-ferulic acid (2), epigallaocatechin gallate (3), fumaric acid (4), chlorogenic acid (5), gallic acid (6), trans-resveratrol (7), propyl gallate (8), (+)-catechin (9), quercetin (10), and kaempferol-3-O-beta-D- galactoside (11)] have been evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory activity against phosphodiesterase- 1 (PDE-1). The active compounds 1, 5, 6, and 7 possessed IC50 values of 173.90 perpendicular to 2.58, 36.67 +/- 1.60, 325.19 +/- 3.62, and 323.81 +/- 4.25 mu M, respectively. In silico experiments were performed to elucidate the binding patterns of inhibitor molecules with the active sites of the enzymes. Result: Molecular docking studies have shown that compounds 1 and 5 have better docking results than standard inhibitor (EDTA) against the PDE-1. In conclusion, chlorogenic acid, rutin, gallic acid, and resveratrol could be promising PDE-1 inhibitors and leads to identify new drug candidates against PDE-1-associated disorders.