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    Comparative phytochemical and bioactivity studies on two related Scorzonera L. species: A chemotaxonomic contribution
    (Elsevier, 2023) Şahin, Hasan; Demir, Serhat; Boğa, Mehmet; Sarı, Aynur; Makbul, Serdar; Gültepe, Mutlu
    Scorzonera L. (Asteraceae) is considered a taxonomically difficult genus with its more than 160 species. Scorzonera bella (SB) and S. veratrifolia (SV) species have been treated as synonyms since 1975. Recent botanical studies suggested the separation of the two taxa based on phenetic dissimilarities. Isolation, LC-MS/MS (including 53 phytochemicals as standard), and GC-MS (followed by library search) analyzes were conducted on the aerial parts of the plants to compare their phytochemical compositions and contribute to the classification of the two taxa. While flavonoid profile of SB was dominated by flavones, the majority of SV consisted of flavonols, among the analyzed standards. Nicotiflorin, the most abundant compound of SV, was the most notable difference which was not determined in SB. Kaempferol glycosides might be chemotaxonomic markers for the classification at subgenus levels. Caffeoylquinic acid esters were in common and similar amounts according to profiling and isolation results. Phytochemical compositions of nonpolar fractions of the plants differed significantly in phthalic acid esters, ursane, and hopane type triterpenoids which were only determined in SV. Phytochemical findings supported the separation of the two taxa. Antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-Alzheimer, and anti-hyperpigmentation potentials of the plants were evaluated in-vitro.
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    A Comprehensive study on a medicinal and edible plant scorzonera incisa DC., discussing the natural limits of phytochemical profiling
    (Wiley, 2023) Şahin, Hasan; Demir, Serhat; Boğa, Mehmet; Sarı, Aynur; Makbul, Serdar; Coşkunçelebi, Kamil
    Leaves of Scorzonera incisa DC. (Asteraceae) are eaten raw against diabetes and headache. Evaluation of medicinal, edible plants using profiling methods has become a common phenomenon. Petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EA), and nbutanol (BU) fractions were prepared from ethanol extract of the aerial parts of the plant. Isolation by HPLC and phenolic profiling by validated LC-MS/MS method with 53 compounds were conducted on the EA fraction. GC-MS method was used to profile the PE fraction. In-vitro inhibitory activities of all fractions against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, AChE, BChE, tyrosinase and urease enzymes were measured. Isoorientin, vitexin, cynaroside and chlorogenic acid were isolated and characterized from the EA fraction as major compounds. LC-MS/MS analysis quantified 36 compounds in the EA fraction. 20 compounds were tentatively determined in the PE fraction. Compounds with the same molecular and fragment ions, a low percentage of identified compounds, and very close polarities were revealed to be some limits of the nature for LC-MS/MS profiling. Particularly, the presence and amount of substances other than the standard compounds used in the profiling methods and possible misdetections should not be neglected in evaluating medicinal plants and establishing a correlation between compounds and bioactivity.
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    Cytotoxicity of endemic Haplophyllum megalanthum Bornm. and its newly isolated alkaloids and lignans
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Demir, Serhat; Petersen, Malene Johanne; Kjaerulff, Louise; Somer, Nehir Unver; Staerk, Dan
    In this study, two previously unreported lignans [4′-O-demetylsuchilactone-8′-ol (1), 7-O-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydroxy-butyl)isodaurinol] (2), four new alkaloids (haplomegalanthine (3), megalantin (4), megalanthamide (5), glycoisohaplopine (6) and thirty-five known compounds (7–41) were isolated from Haplophyllum megalanthum Bornm. (Rutaceae). Pinoresinol (23), epipinoresinol (24), indole-3-carbaldehyde (29), N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-methylbut-2-enamide (34), 7,8-dimethoxyfuroquinoline-4-one (35), cis-khellactone (36), 4,4′-dihydroxy-3,3′,9-trimethoxy-9,9′-epoxylignan (37), ulopterol (39) and trans-decursidinol (40) were identified for the first time in the genus Haplophyllum. Also, 4′-O-demethylsuchilactone (16) and N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)benzamide (32) were found for the first time within the family Rutaceae. Structures of the compounds were elucidated by the use of HRMS, UHPLC-MS and 1D/2D NMR analyses. Furthermore, cytotoxic activity of the crude extract and previously unreported compounds (1–3, 5, 6) on colon cancer cell line HT29 were tested by the MTT method. IC50 values were determined for these five compounds and the crude extract as 18.48 ± 0.94 μg/ml, 52.62 ± 7.27 μg/ml, 23.15 ± 6.70 μg/ml, 21.45 ± 2.48 μg/ml, 5.06 ± 0.19 μg/ml and 2.82 ± 0.012 μg/ml, respectively. The present report is the first detailed phytochemical investigation of the title plant pointing out that it comprises a rich source of diverse chemical constituents including new compounds with promising cytotoxic activity.
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    Diyarbakır ili Kulp ilçesinde yaygın olarak kullanılan yenilebilir yabani bitkiler
    (Kriter Yayınevi, 2023) Subaşı, Fatoş Şekerciler; Şahin, Hasan; Demir, Serhat
    Diyarbakır ili Kulp ilçesinde yürütülen bu etnobotanik çalışma ile 18 farklı familyaya ait toplamda 37 yenilebilir yabani bitki türü kayıt altına alınmıştır. Belirlenen türlerin bilimsel botanik bilgileri, yöresel ve Türkçe isimleri, kullanılan kısımları ile kullanım yolları Tablo 1’de verilmiştir. Belirlenen türler arasında herhangi bir endemik bitkiye rastlanmamıştır. Bitkilerin büyük kısmının Rosaceae (%19), Asteraceae (%11), Apiaceae (%8) ve Lamiaceae (%8) familyalarına ait oldukları görülmekle beraber tüm bitkilerin familya dağılımı Şekil 1’de verilmiştir. Bitkilerin çoğunlukla bahar aylarında ortaya çıkan taze toprak üstü kısımları kullanılmaktadır. Bununla beraber, yaprak, tohum, meyve, gövde, çiçek, yumru, soğan gibi kısımlarından da yararlanılmaktadır. Yöre halkının bu bitkileri yemek, salata, börek, turşu, sirke, peynir yapımında ve baharat, çerez, çay, kahve, sakız olarak kullandıkları görülmüştür. Yemek yapımında sıklıkla kullanılan yöntemler haşlama, kavurma, haşladıktan sonra kavurma, sarma, pilav ya çorbalara ekleme şeklindedir.
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    Matairesinol induced antiproliferative effects via mitochondrial dysfunction in HepG2 cells
    (Marmara Univ, Fac Pharmacy, 2024) Arzuk, Ege; Erguc, Ali; Demir, Serhat; Unver Somer, Nehir; Tan, Iclal; Atis, Ecrin
    Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most severe and life-threatening types of cancer. The conventional treatment of hepatoma has significant challenges due to the adverse effects of chemotherapy, leading to treatment failure and decreased survival. Therefore, developing and investigating novel and safer anticancer drugs and establishing more effective therapeutic regimens is a crucial field of research. The Haplophyllum megalanthum-derived compound matairesinol has demonstrated antiproliferative and antitumor activity against various types of cancer, including pancreatic, breast, and prostate cancer. However, the potential effects of matairesinol on liver cancer, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with its anticancer activity, have yet to be thoroughly elucidated. In the current study, we demonstrated that matairesinol inhibited the viability of human hepatoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, at IC50 and higher doses, matairesinol induced oxidative stress and impaired mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels, two evidence of mitochondrial damage. Moreover, matairesinol exposure led to significant caspase-3 activation, a hallmark of apoptosis. These results indicate that mitochondrial damage and caspase-3 activation may contribute to the cytotoxic effect of matairesinol on liver cancer cells.