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    Chemical profile and biological activities of Veronica thymoides subsp pseudocinerea
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Ertas, Abdulselam; Boga, Mehmet; Kizil, Murat; Ceken, Bircan; Goren, Ahmet Ceyhan; Hasimi, Nesrin; Demirci, Serpil
    Context: In Turkey, Veronica species (Plantaginaceae) have been used as a diuretic and for wound healing in traditional medicine. Objective: To examine the fatty acid and essential oil profiles, the antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antimicrobial, and DNA damage effects of Veronica thymoides P.H. Davis subsp. pseudocinerea M.A. Fischer as a potential source of natural active compounds. Materials and methods: GC/MS was used to analyze essential oil and fatty acid obtained from whole plant. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the beta-carotene-linoleic acid test system, DPPH-free and ABTS cation radicals scavenging, and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity assays. The anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities were determined by Ellman and broth macrodillution methods, respectively. The effect of the methanol extract on DNA cleavage was investigated. Results: Hexatriacontene (21.0%) was found to be the main constituent in essential oil, and linoleic acid (25.2%) and palmitic acid (20.6%) in fatty acid. Methanol extract demonstrated the best IC50 values in lipid peroxidation (49.81 +/- 0.31 mu g/ml) and DPPH-free radical scavenging activity (15.32 +/- 0.17 mu g/ml). Methanol and water extracts possessed strong ABTS cation radical scavenging activity with IC50 values 9.15 +/- 0.28 and 8.90 +/- 0.14 mu g/ml, respectively. The acetone extract exhibited moderate butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. The highest antimicrobial activity was determined in methanol extract against Escherichia coli with 31.25 mu g/ml MIC value. Inhibition of methanol extract on plasmid DNA cleavage by OH radicals was found to be 93.32% at 500 mu g/ml. Conclusion: The methanol extract having strong antioxidant and DNA damage effects could be investigated phytochemically to find natural active compounds.
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    DNA damage protecting activity and in vitro antioxidant potential of the methanol extract of Cyclotrichium niveum
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2009) Emen, Sevil; Ceken, Bircan; Kizil, Goksel; Kizil, Murat
    Cyclotrichium niveum (Boiss.) Manden. & Scheng., a herb of the Labiate family, has been widely used as a flavoring agent in Turkey; it was examined for its antioxidant potential and DNA damage protecting activity. The antioxidant activity of C niveum aerial parts (stems, leaves, and flowers) was determined from the methanol extract. The antioxidant potency of methanol extract of C niveum was investigated employing various established in vitro systems, such as lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hyrdoxyl radical scavenging, reducing power, iron chelation, and inhibitory effect on protein oxidation. The methanol extract of C niveum was able to reduce the stable free radical DPPH with an IC50 of 78.15 mu g/mL. The metal chelating ability was found to be low compare with EDTA. Methanol extract of C. niveum aerial parts showed strong inhibitory activity toward lipid peroxidation of rat brain homogenate induced by the FeCl2-H2O2 system. Furthermore, C. niveum extract exhibited a strong concentration-dependent inhibition of deoxyribose oxidation. The effect on DNA cleavage induced by H2O2 UV-photolysis was also investigated. It showed a concentration-dependent free radical scavenging capacity and protective effect on DNA cleavage. In addition, the oxidative damage of bovine serum albumin (BSA), induced by hydroxyl radical in an acellular system, was inhibited by 10-1000 mu g/mL of methanol extract of C. niveum. The total phenolic content of C niveum was detected in methanol as 200.9 mu g gallic acid/mg extract. These results clearly demonstrated that C niveum extract possesses a marked antioxidant activity and it is a potential source of natural antioxidants.
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    In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract of Three Hypericum and Three Achillea Species From Turkey
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2011) Baris, Deniz; Kizil, Murat; Aytekin, Cetin; Kizil, Goksel; Yavuz, Murat; Ceken, Bircan; Ertekin, A. Selcuk
    The present study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of Hypericum scabrum L (HSm), Hypericum lysimachioides var. lysimachioides (HL), and Hypericum retusum Aucher (HR) and ethanol extracts of Achillea aleppica D.C. subsp. aleppica (AA), Achillea aleppica D.C. subsp. zederbaueri (Hayek) Hub.-Mor (AZ), and Achillea biebersteinii Afan. (AB). The antioxidant properties of extracts were evaluated using different antioxidants tests, including reducing power, free radical scavenging, deoxyribose assay, metal chelating activities and determination of total phenolic compounds. The extracts obtained from Hypericum and Achillea species showed high antioxidant properties. The protective effects of plant extracts were compared with a well known antioxidant, Butilated Hydroxytoluen (BHT) and -tocopherol. Total antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of plants were also tested by using ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods. Antioxidative activities of plant extracts were found to be comparable with Vitamin E. The results showed that the ethanol extracts of all tested plant exhibited different activity against tested microorganisms. Since most of the studied extracts have good antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, it might be possible to use them as natural food additives that act both as antioxidants and as spices.
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    Protective Ability of Ethanol Extracts of Hypericum scabroides Robson & Poulter and Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra against Protein Oxidation and DNA Damage
    (Korean Society Food Science & Technology-Kosfost, 2009) Kizil, Goeksel; Kizil, Murat; Ceken, Bircan
    The present study was conducted to determine the protective ability of the ethanol extracts of Hypericum scabroides Robson & Poulter (HS) and Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra (HT) against the protein oxidation and DNA damage induced by Fenton system. The ability of HS and HT to prevent oxidative damage to bovine serum albumin (BSA) induced by Fe3+/H2O2 and ascorbic acid was investigated. The ethanol extracts of HS and HT at different concentrations (50-1,000 mu g/mL) efficiently prevented protein oxidation induced by hydroxy radical as assayed by protein oxidation markers including protein carbonyl fort-nation (PCO) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The effect of ethanol extracts of HS and HT on DNA cleavage induced by UV-photholysis of H2O2 using pBluescript M13+ plasmid DNA were investigated. These extracts significantly inhibited DNA damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, HS and HT extracts may be useful in the food industry as effective synthetic antioxidants.
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    Protective Ability of Ethanol Extracts of Hypericum Scabrum L. and Hypericum Retusum Aucher Against the Protein Oxidation and DNA Damage
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2011) Kizil, Goksel; Kizil, Murat; Ceken, Bircan; Yavuz, Murat; Demir, Halit
    Inhibition of protein oxidation and DNA damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS) would confer benefit to living organisms exposed to oxidative stress, because oxidized proteins are associated with many diseases and can propagate ROS-induced damage. In this study, the ability of the ethanol extracts of Hypericum retusum Aucher (HR) and Hypericum scabrum L (HSm) to protect bovine serum albumin (BSA) from oxidation and DNA damage by hydroxyl radical derived from the Fenton system (Fe3+/H2O2/ascorbic acid) were measured. The ethanol extracts of HR and HSm at different concentrations (50-1000 g/mL) efficiently prevented protein oxidation induced by hydroxyl radicals as assayed by protein oxidation markers, including protein carbonyl formation (PCO) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The effect of ethanol extracts of HR and HSm on DNA cleavage induced by UV-photholysis of H2O2 using pBluescript M13+ plasmid DNA were also investigated. These extracts significantly inhibited DNA damage induced by ROS. Therefore, Hypericum retusum, and Hypericum scabrum extracts may be useful in the food industry as effective synthetic antioxidants.
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    UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS and GC-MS Analyses on Phenolic, Fatty Acid and Essential Oil of Verbascum pinetorum with Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase, Antimicrobial and DNA Damage Protection Effects
    (Shaheed Beheshti Univ, Sch Pharmacy, 2016) Boga, Mehmet; Ertas, Abdulselam; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Kizil, Murat; Ceken, Bircan; Hasimi, Nesrin; Ozden, Tugba Yilmaz
    This paper is the first phytochemical and ABTS cation radical decolorisation activity, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, anticholinesterase and DNA damage protection effect of endemic Verbascum pinetorum (Boiss.) O. Kuntze. Phenolic profile of V. pinetorum were qualified and quantified by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. Malic acid (47250.61 +/- 2504.28 mu g/g) and luteolin (7651.96 +/- 527.98 mu g/g) were found as most abundant compounds for metanol and acetone extracts, respectively. Fatty acid and essential oil compositions were determined by GC-MS analysis. The main components of fatty acid were found to be palmitic (27.1%) and stearic (22.1%) acids. The main compounds of the essential oil were cineole (16.9%) and alpha-selinene (16.4%). The acetone extract was found to be more active than BHT used as a standard in beta-carotene-linoleic acid test system. In DPPH free radical scavenging activity, the acetone and methanol extracts showed higher activity than BHT at all tested concentrations. The acetone, methanol and water extracts showed strong inhibition while the acetone extract showed better activity than BHT and a-tocopherol which were used as standards in ABTS cation radical scavenging and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity assays, respectively. All extracts were found to be inactive in antialzheimer activity. The acetone extract exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity against C. albicans. The methanol extract of V. pinetorum were found no significant effect on DNA cleavage protection.