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Öğe Constituents and performance of no-clean flux for electronic solder(Pergamon-Elsevier Science LTD, 2021) Wakeel, Saif; Haseeb, A. S. M. A.; Afifi, M. A.; Bingöl, Sedat; Hoon, Khoo LyCorrosion reliability is a severe concern related no-clean flux (NCF) residue. It results in a decreased life span of electronic devices, specially fine pitch assemblies. NCFs are formulated from various organic/inorganic components viz. activator, solvent, surfactant, and additive. Each constituent of a flux has specific functions, and its advantages and limitations. The first part of this review paper describes the constituents of NCF, their characteristics and their compositional ranges. The effects of process parameters such as soldering process and soldering temperature on the performance of NCF are then presented in the second part. Finally, the effects of flux residue on the underfill and reliability of flip-chip packaging are discussed. Carboxylic acid containing less number of carboxyl functional group, lower decomposition temperature, lower solubility, higher acid dissociation constant and higher chain length can increase the cleaning efficiency of NCF. Hybrid activators (amine+carboxylic acid) are advantageous in terms of improving the cleaning action and also increasing interactions with underfill. Lower boiling point solvents are preferable as they are the main evaporating constituent. Reflow soldering has been proven as a better choice for NCF at the soldering temperature range of 200-250 degrees C, as it leaves minimum flux residue. Besides, incompatible residue on solder mask or die surface can hinder the flow of underfill and flux residue outgassing during curing generates voids and delamination. Therefore, to formulate an efficient NCF, the characteristics of its constituents need to be understood and the flux composition optimized.Öğe Difüzyon kaynak yöntemi ile birleştirilmiş Ti6Al4V ve AA7075 levhaların bağlantı süresinin mekanik özelliklere etkisi(Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi, 2019) Kejanlı, Haluk; Keskin, M. Selçuk; Bingöl, SedatTi6AL4V ve AA7075 alaşımları havacılık, uzay ve otomotiv endüstrilerinde sıklıkla kullanılan malzemelerdir. Ti6Al4V titanyum ve AA7075 alüminyum alaşımları düşük yoğunluk, yüksek mukavemet ve yüksek korozyon dayanımından dolayı sıklıkla tercih edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Ti6AL4V ve AA7075 alaşımlardan hazırlanmış levhaların difüzyon kaynağı yöntemiyle kaynak edilebilirliği ve mekanik özelliklerine difüzyon kaynak süresinin etkisi araştırılmıştır. Titanyum ve alüminyum alaşımlı plakalar, 55 μm kalınlığında alüminyum aratabaka kullanılarak 550 °C’de sabit sıcaklıkta, farklı sürelerde (30, 45, 60 ve 75 dakika), atmosfer kontrollü yüksek sıcaklık fırınında difüzyon kaynağı ile birleştirilmiş, elde edilen kaynaklı örneklerin mukavemetlerini belirlemek için, çekme ve mikrosertlik testleri uygulanmıştır. Malzemelerin birleşme ara yüzeylerinin morfolojisi optik mikroskop ile incelenerek ara tabakadan ana malzemelere olan difüzyon irdelenmiştir.Öğe Effect of cobalt nanoparticles on mechanical properties of Sn–58Bi solder joint(Springer, 2022) Bashir, M. Nasir; Saad, Hafız Muhammad; Rizwan, Muhammad; Bingöl, Sedat; Channa, Iftikhar Ahmed; Haseeb, Abdul S.Md Abdul; Naher, SumsunBrittle phases are responsible for crack formation and propagation in tin–bismuth (Sn–58Bi) solder material. The purpose of this work is to investigate the effects of various cobalt (Co) nanoparticle (NP) concentrations on the tensile properties of the Sn–58Bi solder matrix. Different aging times were studied to find out the effect of Co NP on ultimate tensile strength. Tin–bismuth solder joints of different Co NP concentrations of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% were prepared. The reflow process was done at 180 °C for 1 min. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to analyze the solder joints. The tensile test was carried out for the Sn–58Bi and Sn–58Bi–xCo (x = 0.5, 1, and 2) solder joints. The tensile test was run before and after aging time. The tensile results reveal that the addition of Co NP increased the tensile strength significantly at different concentrations of Co NP. The Tensile test revealed that ductility was improved as the temperature was increased. As the aging time increased, the ultimate tensile strength of all samples decreased.Öğe Experimental and numerical study on the strength of aluminum extrusion welding(MDPI, 2015) Bingöl, Sedat; Bozacı, AtillaThe quality of extrusion welding in the extruded hollow shapes is influenced significantly by the pressure and effective stress under which the material is being joined inside the welding chamber. However, extrusion welding was not accounted for in the past by the developers of finite element software packages. In this study, the strength of hollow extrusion profile with seam weld produced at different ram speeds was investigated experimentally and numerically. The experiments were performed on an extruded hollow aluminum profile which was suitable to obtain the tensile tests specimens from its seam weld's region at both parallel to extrusion direction and perpendicular to extrusion direction. A new numerical modeling approach, which was recently proposed in literature, was used for numerical analyses of the study. The simulation results performed at different ram speeds were compared with the experimental results, and a good agreement was obtained.Öğe An extrusion simulation of an aluminum profile by porthole die(JVE International, 2019) Ayer, Önder; Bingöl, Sedat; Karakaya, İsmailThe aluminum alloys are ideal material because of their corrosion resistance, recycling ability, high specific strength and especially low density for lightweight structures of transportation, aerospace, automotive industries. Hot extrusion process is the most used metal forming method for obtaining a variety of aluminum alloy profiles. The demand for large cross section, multi cavity and thin wall profiles has been increasing with the development of the industry and extrusion method is key solution for producing complex profiles with high productivity. These profiles are generally extruded by porthole dies. The extrusion process by porthole die is complicated and die design has great importance for the quality of the extruded product. Design of the porthole die should give optimum material flow and homogenous temperature distribution both for obtaining desired profile and eliminating die scrap. The measuring the temperature and material flow is not possible for closed die formation and it is so important to estimate both material flow, temperature change in the die. For this aim, an extrusion simulation of a porthole die for standard aluminum profile was investigated in this study with the support of HyperXtrude Inspire Extrude Metal 2019 software, which is specialized for FEM calculations of extrusion process. Each step of extrusion process was simulated. Aluminum AA6063 material was used for simulations, the process temperature was 4500 °C and punch velocity was selected as 5 mm/sec. Finally, the FEM results were obtained and the temperature distribution, pressure distribution, billet interface and relative die exit speed results were analyzed.Öğe Farklı alüminyum alaşımların difüzyon kaynak yöntemi ile birleştirilmesi ve mekanik özelliklerinin incelenmesi(Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi, 2019) Keskin, M. Selçuk; Kejanlı, Haluk; Bingöl, SedatDifüzyon kaynağı benzer veya farklı metaller arasında yüksek kaliteli bağ oluşumu için kullanılan önemli bir katı hal birleştirme işlemidir. Bu birleştirme yöntemi, geleneksel kaynaklarda oluşan kaynak bölgesinin mekanik özelliklerini bozan beklenmedik fazların oluşumunu içermez. Difüzyon kaynağında karmaşık şekilli parçaları birleştirmek mümkündür. Bu çalışmada AA2024 ile AA7075 alüminyum alaşımlı levhaların farklı difüzyon sıcaklığındaki kaynak kabiliyetleri araştırılmıştır. Difüzyon kaynağı için, 55µm kalınlığında alüminyum folyo kullanılarak sabit basınçta (3 MPa) ve argon gazı atmosferi altında gerçekleştirildi. Difüzyon kaynağı, dört farklı sıcaklıkta 500, 520, 540 ve 560 °C ’de gerçekleştirildi. Difüzyon kaynağında bekleme süresi 60 dakika olarak belirlenmiştir. Kaynak bölgelerinde mikro sertlik değişimleri ve çekme mukavemetleri alındı. Çekme testi sonucunda, en yüksek çekme dayanımı 560°C sıcaklık ve 60 dakikalık bekleme süresinde difüzyon kaynağı yapılmış numune 9374,28 N olarak tespit edilmiştir.Öğe A HYBRID MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING METHOD FOR ROBOT SELECTION IN FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM(2020) Bingöl, Sedat; Ahmad, Shafi; Wakeel, SaifAdvancement of the manufacturing system is governed by robots which improve the productquality and decrease market availability period. Different robots have been used for the pick and dropthe operation of components in flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). Each robot have their advantagesand disadvantages therefore, selection of the most suitable robot is significantly important. The selectionof robots based on various criteria is a multi-decision making problem (MCDM). In this study sevenrobots (R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7) are ranked using the proposed approach on the basis of five criteriaviz. load capacity (LC), memory capacity (MC), manipulator reach (MR), maximum tip speed (MTS), andrepeatability (RE) by employing hybrid Criteria Importance Through Inter criteria Correlation(CRITIC) and Multi-attributive border approximation area comparison (MABAC) methods. Weights ofcriteria were obtained using correlation coefficient and standard deviation method whereas, the rankingof alternative was done using hybrid CRITIC and MABAC method. As a result of this study, robot R3acquired the first rank whereas, R1 occupied the last rank which showed that R3 is the most suitablerobot for the pick and place operation in FMS. Besides, Ranking comparison was also done with otherMCDM methods.Öğe Kalıp girişinin ekstrüzyon edilebilirlik üzerindeki etkisi(Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi, 2016) Bingöl, SedatAlüminyum hafifliği, mukavemeti, şekillendirilebilme özelliği, sünekliği, dayanıklılığı, korozyon direnci, iletkenliği ve geri dönüşümü nedeni ile inşaat, otomotiv ve uzay endüstrisi gibi birçok alanda tercih sebebi olmuştur. Gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte alüminyum ve alaşımları birçok farklı yöntemle işlenebilmektedir. Alüminyum ve alaşımlarına uygulanan yaygın yöntemlerden biri extrüzyon işlemidir. Ekstrüzyon, bir iş parçasının bir kalıptan geçirilerek istenen geometride malzeme elde edilmesi işlemidir. Ekstürzyonda malzeme akışı, malzemenin homojen bir yapıda olması ve buna bağlı olarak düzgün bir geometride olması nedeni ile önemlidir. Ekstrüzyon türü, ekstrüzyon hızı, ekstrüzyon sıcaklığı, sürtünme koşulları, kalıp tasarımı ve ekstrüzyon oranı malzeme akışını etkilemektedir. Ekstrüzyon işleminde en önemli faktörlerden biri olan kalıp tasarımının uygun olması, daha yüksek ürün kalitesi ve daha düşük deformasyon kuvvetinin oluşması açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, kalıp geometrisinin ekstrüzyon edilebilirliğe etkisi bir sonlu elemanlar yazılımı olan DEFORM-3D programı kullanılarak incelenmiş ve incelenen kalıplar içerisinden en uygun kalıp geometrisi tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Farklı kalıp giriş formları ile gerçekleştirilen ekstrüzyon simülasyonları birbirleriyle karşılaştırılarak kalıp formunun işlem üzerine nasıl etki ettiği analiz edilmiştir. Her bir farklı kalıp geometrisinin sıcaklık ve efektif gerilim üzerinde meydana getirdiği değişim ekstrüzyon zamanına bağlı olarak incelenmiş ve bu değişimlerin sebepleri ortaya konulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, aynı tip bir profilin üretiminde kullanılacak farklı kalıp geometrileri içerisinde hangisinin en uygun olacağı analiz edilmiştir.Öğe Mechanical properties of composite plates at different conditions(INESEG Yayıncılık, 2020) Örçen, Gurbet; Turan, Kadir; Bingöl, SedatIn this study; the effects of thermal aging on the mechanical properties of composite materials were investigated. In study, eight layered woven glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite plates were used. Thermal aging was performed in an electric furnace using time and temperature change parameters. The time changes were 1, 3 and 5 hours, and 50 0C, 100 0C, and 150 0C were used for temperature changes. Thermally aged composite plates, at specified time and temperature values; modulus of elasticity, poisson ratio, tensile strength, compression strength, shear modulus and shear strength were determined in fiber reinforcement direction. The results obtained were compared with the results obtained from the specimens waited at room temperature. At the end of the study, it was determined that the mechanical properties of the composite plates changed when the thermal aging temperature and temperature increased.Öğe Natural fibre-reinforced composite for ballistic applications: A review(Springer, 2021) Odesanya, Kazeem Olabisi; Ahmad, Roslina; Jawaid, Mohammad; Bingöl, Sedat; Adebayo, Ganiyat Olusola; Wong, Yew HoongThe need to provide a better and stronger protection against various kinds of ballistic impacts and threats has necessitated the continuous exploration and utilization of high-performance fibres, especially those that are derived from renewable sources for ballistic applications. The development of ballistic protection materials with improved performance and low weight has received much concerns in the past few decades due to the rising cases of threats and insurgencies. Owing to the necessity of improving the ballistic performance of body armour and protective wears especially for military personnel, with a huge consideration for eco-friendly requirement, a review of relevant studies in this area is necessary. Present review article aims to present an overview of the progress and the outstanding advances that have been witnessed in the development of natural-based anti-ballistic composites in the past few years. The article covers the type and selection of the fibre/matrix, failure modes, Impact energy absorption and ballistic simulation of NFRCs. It also highlights the economic cost analysis of replacing synthetic fibres with natural ones in a ballistic composite, and the methods of enhancing the composites for high performance and greater ballistic efficiency. The utilization of natural fibres in PMCs have shown their great potentials as substitutes to the existing advanced fibrous materials that are mostly dominated by synthetic fibres.Öğe A New hybrid LGPMBWM-PIV method for automotive material selection(Slovensko Drustvo Informatika, 2021) Wakeel, Saif; Bingöl, Sedat; Ahmad, Shafi; Bashir, M. Nasir; Emamat, Mir Seyed Mohammad Mohsen; Ding, Zhou; Fayaz, H.Efforts are continuously being made by researchers to improve fuel efficiency and to reduce CO2 emissions from the passenger cars. To achieve these goal, recent trend is to make the cars components light in weight for which manufacturing car roofs using natural fiber reinforced composites (NFCs) is one of the method. Several natural fibers (NFs)are available as alternative reinforcements for the fabrication of NFCs. Different NFs possess different properties and therefore, it is necessary to select the most appropriate natural fiber for fabrication of the composites which in turn will lead to the desired performance of the vehicle. Selection of the optimal natural fiber, amongst the several alternatives, is basically a multi criteria decision making (MCDM) problem as selection is based on the evaluation of several conflicting criteria. In this study, twelve alternative natural fibers (Flax, Hemp, Jute, Kenaf, Ramie, Okra, PALF, Coir, Isora, Cotton, Banana and Sisal) and six evaluation criteria (Tensile strength, Stiffness, Failure strain, Density, Degradation temperature and Moisture gain) are considered and selection of the optimal NF is made using a newly developed hybrid MCDM method i.e. Linear goal programming model for Best-Worst method (LGPMBWM) and Proximity index value method (PIV). Results of the study reveal that among all considered natural fibers, Ramie fiber is the most suitable alternative for the fabrication of composites and coir fiber is the worst candidate for the same. Ranking results were also supported by five other MCDM methods as there was a strong correlation between PIV and other MCDM methods.Öğe Selection of semiconductor packaging materials by combined Fuzzy AHP-Entropy and proximity index value method(Hindawi Ltd, 2022) Bingöl, SedatThe residue of no-clean flux (NCF) on the printed circuit board assembly has been one of the major reasons for corrosion reliability failure of electronic devices. The source of aggressive contamination is the carboxylic acid activator as the main cleaning agent for soldering surfaces. Selecting the suitable activator has always been one of the concerns due to its conflicting properties, for example, suberic acid has a lower boiling point that will help in minimizing the residue; however, its dissociation constant is low which will increase the aggressive residue. The selection of a suitable activator based on the conflicting criteria is a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. In this study, thirty-one carboxylic acids (mono, di, tri, and hydroxyl) were ranked based on the six different criteria, i.e., melting point, molecular weight, boiling point, acid dissociation constant (pK(a)a value), solubility, and number of carboxylic acids using combined fuzzy AHP-entropy and the proximity index value method. Weight of the criterion was calculated using combined fuzzy AHP-entropy; whereas, ranking of the alternative carboxylic acid was done by the proximity index value method. First, the ranking was done based on the overall carboxylic acid; consequently, the groupwise ranking was also evaluated. As a result of this study, margaric acid occupied rank 1 out of all the thirty-one carboxylic acids and monocarboxylic acids; whereas, malonic acid acquired the lowest rank. In addition, out of 9 dicarboxylic acids, sebacic acid was the most suitable alternative. In the case of tricarboxylic acids, trimesic acid was a suitable alternative. Sensitivity analysis was performed to verify the reliability and consistency of the result obtained through applied MCDM.Öğe Selection of sustainable material for the manufacturing of complex automotive products using a new hybrid Goal Programming Model for Best Worst Method-Proximity Indexed Value method(Sage Publications INC., 2021) Wakeel, Saif; Bingöl, Sedat; Bashir, M. Nasir; Ahmad, ShafiSelection of the most suitable sustainable material to fulfill the requirements of a product in a specific application is a complex task. Material selection problems are basically multi-criteria decision making problems as selection of the optimal material is based on the evaluation of conflicting criteria. Considering the limitations such as ranking reversal problem of the various multi-criteria decision making methods available in the literature, a combination of two recently developed techniques, i.e. the Goal Programming Model for Best Worst Method and Proximity Indexed Value method, is employed in the present study. This hybrid method was used for selection of the best possible material for manufacturing of a complex automobile part for which F1 race car as advanced automotive and its gearbox casing as sensitive part was used. Available alternative materials considered in the present study are alloys of aluminum, magnesium, titanium, and carbon fiber/epoxy laminate. Whereas, criteria affecting gearbox casing's performance are tensile strength/density, cost, stiffness, damping capacity, thermal conductivity, and sustainable criteria, such as CO2 emission and recycling energy. Goal Programming Model for Best Worst Method is used to determine weights of the criteria and Proximity Indexed Value method is employed for final selection of material. Furthermore, ranking of alternatives was also supported by other multi-criteria decision making methods namely, range of value, weighted product model, simple additive weighting, the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution, a combined compromise solution, and the multi-attributive border approximation area comparison. Membership degree method was also employed to obtain the final optimal ranking of alternative materials from individual results of applied multi-criteria decision making methods. Besides, sensitivity analysis is done to validate reliability of the results and to determine the most critical evaluation criterion. The result of this study revealed that carbon fiber/epoxy laminate is the best alternative material.Öğe Supplier selection for high temperature die attach by hybrid entropy-range of value MCDM technique: A semiconductor industry(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2020) Wakeel, Saif; Ahmad, Shafi; Bingöl, Sedat; Bashir, Muhammad Nasir; Paçal, Tuğçe Cemre; Khan, Zahid Akhtar; 0000-0002-3595-3878; 0000-0001-9620-5980Demands of High temperature die attach material (HTDM) are growing to increase the efficiency of Microelectronic packaging. However, Appropriate HTDM supplier selection is one of the major concerns for semiconductors industries due to various conflicting criteria. This study will employ a multicriteria decision making modelling (MCDM) to select the suitable HTDM supplier. Seven different international HTDM supplier (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5,S6,S7) are ranked based on eight conflicting criteria (electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, impression, management system, production facility, geographical location, response speed and use of technology) by employing hybrid entropy-range of value (E-ROV) method. The result of this study showed that S7 is the most suitable supplier as it occupies rank one in the modelling and S5 being a worst. Sensitivity analysis illustrated that the results of E-ROV are consistent and reliable. Based on these results, E-ROV method can also be applied for supplier selection of various production complex parts in semiconductor industry.Öğe T/M ile 6082 aliminyumdan hazırlanmış biyetlerin ekstrüzyonu(Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi, 2018) Keskin, M. Selçuk; Bingöl, Sedat; Kejanlı, Haluk; Ayer, Önder; Altınbalık, TahirToz metalürjisi ile elde edilen ürünler son yıllarda özellikle otomobil ve havacılık olmak üzere birçok alanda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Toz metalürjisi üretim yöntemi tüm dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de hızla gelişmektedir. Bununla birlikte artan rekabet ve kalite ihtiyacı üreticileri hem ekonomik hem de dayanıklı ürünler üretmeye zorlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, toz metalürjisinde sıcaklığın ekstrüzyon edilebilirliğe etkisi incelenerek yüksek dayanıma sahip ürünlerin elde edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Toz metalürjisi ile üretilen alüminyum biyetler farklı sıcaklıkta ekstrüzyon edilmiş ve sonrasında elde edilen numunelerin mikro yapıları incelenmiştir. Mikro yapı incelemesi ile ekstrüzyon kalıp giriş bölgesinde ve kalıp çıkışında oluşan yapı gözlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, farklı sıcaklıklarda ekstrüzyon edilmiş numunelerin sertlik değişimi ve kesme mukavemeti değerleri karşılaştırılmıştır.Öğe Thermal characterization and stress analysis of Ho2O3 thin film on 4H–SiC substrate(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Odesanya, Kazeem Olabisi; Ahmad, Roslina; Andriyana, Andri; Bingöl, Sedat; Çetinkaya, Rıdvan; Wong, Yew HoongThe performance of a metal oxide semiconductor during operation could be hindered significantly due to thermodynamic instability and mismatch between the gate oxide layer and the substrate. Owing to variation in temperature during thermal applications, the thin film layers and substrates in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) structures are subjected to high thermal stresses, which can result in large deformation and failure. In this study, the distribution of heat and thermal stress between the Ho2O3 thin film and the SiC substrate has been simulated numerically with finite element modelling and analysis software (ANSYS). This is necessary to emulate the thermal behaviour of the structure under different thermal loadings, and for each temperature loading, the effects of thermal stress and deformation on the structure were also evaluated. Based on the results of the simulation, an optimum temperature was suggested. The thermal stability and characteristics of the thin film layer/SiC structure were evaluated and validated for better electrical performance.
