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Electric fault diagnosis and detection in an induction machine using RMS based method
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022) Akrad, Ahmad; Sehab, Rabia; Alyoussef, Fadi
Nowadays, induction machines are widely used in industry thankful to their advantages comparing to other technologies. Indeed, there is a big demand because of their reliability, robustness and cost. The objective of this paper is to deal with diagnosis, detection and isolation of faults in a three-phase induction machine. Among the faults, Inter-turn short-circuit fault (ITSC), current sensors fault and single-phase open circuit fault are selected to deal with. However, a new method is developed for fault detection using residual errors generated by the root mean square (RMS) of phase currents. This approach is based on an asymmetric nonlinear model of Induction Machine where the winding fault of the three axes frame state space is taken into account. In addition, current sensor redundancy and sensor fault detection and isolation (FDI) are adopted to ensure safety operation of induction machine drive. Finally, a validation is carried out by simulation in healthy and faulty operation modes to show the benefit of the proposed method to detect and to locate with, a high reliability, the three types of faults. © 2022 IEEE.
Improved adaptive dynamic non-singular terminal sliding mode controller with fractional disturbance observer
(Elsevier Inc., 2023) Alyoussef, Fadi; Kaya, İbrahim
While terminal sliding mode control provides faster responses and reduces steady-state errors, it has the disadvantage of having singularity and chattering issues. This study addresses these issues. To address the first issue, a novel non-singular terminal sliding surface is proposed, and to address the second, a new adaptive reaching law that may accelerate system response without resulting in chattering is developed. In addition, this article proposes a novel fractional disturbance observer for rejecting severe and time-varying disturbances. Several simulated industrial case studies and a real-time application based on a cart pendulum setup are used to show the practical benefits of the proposed controller. The suggested approach outperforms the published methods for regulatory and servo responses, according to simulation results and the integral of squared error values used to evaluate the performance of the proposed and reported methods. The proposed method successfully handles time-varying disturbances, in contrast to other reported methods, which lose stability for the mentioned types of disturbances despite the inclusion of an additional mechanism for rejecting disturbances. The superiority of the method proposed is further assured by real-time results.
A New Analytical Method for Finding the Centroid of Stability Locus for Controlling Integrating Processes
(Ieee, 2019) Alyoussef, Fadi; Kaya, Ibrahim
Several methods, which have been suggested for tuning PI controller parameters by obtaining the centroid of the stability boundary locus, can be found in the literature. However, all those methods rely on graphical plottings which are time consuming. Here, a new analytical approach is introduced to find centroid of the stability region for PI controllers to control time delay integrating processes. For this purpose, it is assumed that time delay integrating process can be modelled by integrating plus first order plus dead-time (IFOPDT) model. The suggested method cancels the necessity of plotting the stability region. Simulation examples were performed to ensure the efficiency of the suggested method.
A new dynamic sliding mode controller with disturbance observer for controlling integrating processes with time delay
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Alyoussef, Fadi; Kaya, İbrahim
This paper suggests a new dynamic sliding mode controller incorporating a disturbance observer for controlling integrating processes with time delay. Here, a new reaching law has been introduced to expedite the system response without evoking chattering. The convergence of this law is also studied. Additionally, the whole system stability is proved using the Lyapunov stability theory. This paper also proposes a new disturbance observer to improve the disturbance rejection and to help suppress chattering further. The suggested observer has only one parameter to be designed. Therefore, this observer can easily be implemented. Several simulation examples and a real-time application are considered to prove the superiority of the suggested controller over the reported controllers in the literature.
Nonlinear and intelligent control based controller design for nonlinear systems
(Dicle Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2023) Alyoussef, Fadi; Kaya, İbrahim
This Ph.D. dissertation presents a number of new fruitful control strategies for regulating linear and nonlinear systems. To appeal to a broader audience of control professionals and researchers, these strategies are introduced at varying levels of complexity and difficulty. For regulating linear systems, which can be modeled by integrating or unstable process transfer functions with time delays, new analytical adjustment formulas based on the centroid of the stability region are proposed to solve the difficulties of setting the gains of the PI-PD controller. The proposed methods relative to the techniques published in the literature are straightforward and time-saving. Also, a slightly more intricate scheme based on a dynamic sliding mode controller and PID disturbance observer is developed for controlling linear integrating and unstable industrial processes when a more robust controller is required to operate in a hostile industrial environment associated with time-varying turbulences and parameter perturbations. The proposed control offers reduced chattering levels with a strong performance against sharp disturbances and model fluctuations. Moreover, a new adaptive dynamic nonsingular terminal sliding mode control and a new PID fractional disturbance observer are introduced for controlling industrial processes in the form of second-order linear processes with time delays. In comparison to the aforementioned technique, the proposed controller with a somewhat more sophisticated structure delivers smaller tracking errors, chattering rates, and overshoots. However, in systems with strong nonlinearity, linear systems may not allow the controller to appropriately compensate for nonlinear forces. As a result, this dissertation proposes various new nonlinear control mechanisms for complex nonlinear systems. In this context, a novel adaptive backstepping control technique, that is convenient for execution in real-time and robust against disturbances and parameter perturbations, is proposed to regulate nonlinear triangular systems. In addition, an innovative adaptive dead-beat sliding mode control for governing nonlinear uncertain nontriangular systems is built, which offers fewer chattering levels and less tracking errors than techniques taken from the literature. Furthermore, the controller's topology is updated utilizing neural networks and fuzzy logic systems to forecast unmodeled nonlinear components in extremely sophisticated unknown nonlinear systems. To demonstrate the practicality and superiority of the proposed methodologies, various simulated examples, simulated applications in industrial settings, and several real-time tests are employed. The real-time setups that have been used for testing the proposed techniques include a twin rotor multi-input multi-output system, a cart inverted pendulum, and a 7.5-kW induction motor.
Novel tuning rules for adjusting the parameters of the PI-PD controller for controlling unstable processes
(IOS Press BV, 2024) Alyoussef, Fadi; Kaya, İbrahim
Unstable processes plus time delays are very frequent in the industry. PI-PD controllers are used for controlling unstable industrial operations as they give more robust performance relative to PID controllers. However, designing the parameters of PI-PD controllers is quite difficult. Recently, the centroid of the stability region based on the Weighted Geometrical Center (WGC) approach has been proposed for overcoming the tuning difficulty of the controller. Nevertheless, the current version of WGC available in the literature is time-consuming. Thus, this paper proposes new simple tuning rules to implement WGC when it is used for computing the parameters of the PI-PD controller for controlling unstable processes with time delays. An isothermal continuous stirred tank reactor is used for evaluating the performance of the proposed method.
Parçacık sürü optimizasyonu tabanlı PI-PD ile Twin rotor denetimi
(Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi, 2019) Takeş, Cuma Anıl; Alyoussef, Fadi; Kaya, İbrahim
Bu çalışmada, helikopter sistemleri ve son zamanlarda üzerinde oldukça sık çalışılan drone sisteminin temeli olan Twin Rotor MIMO Sistem (TRMS)’nin kontrolü üzerinde çalışılmıştır. TRMS kontrol alanında kullanılan temel sistemler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, günlük hayatta sağlık, askeri, ulaşım, yangın anında yangına müdahale amacıyla kullanılan helikopterler bu amaçlarla kullanılırken bir yerden başka bir yere ulaşması anında havada belli bir irtifada iken ve kalkış ve iniş anında içerisinde bulunan bireylerin ve taşınan önemli ekipmanların zarar görmemesi için kontrol işlemlerinin çok iyi yapılması ve istenilen kontrol sinyaline sistem cevabının oldukça hızlı olması gerekmektedir. Sistem cevabındaki aksaklıklar ve denetleyicinin istenilen şekilde çalışmaması hava araçlarında kazalara ve böylece can ve mal kayıplarına sebebiyet verebilir. Literatürde TRMS’nin denetimi çoğunlukla PID denetleyiciler kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmektedir. Ancak PID denetleyiciler açık çevrim kararlı sistemler hariç yetersiz performans gösterebilmektedir. PI-PD denetleyiciler ise, PID denetleyicilerin yetersiz kaldığı durumlarda, çok daha iyi performans verebilmektedir. Dolayısıyla, bu çalışmada TRMS’nin kontrolü PI-PD denetleyiciler kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiş ve PID denetleyicilerden daha iyi kapalı çevrim cevaplar elde edildiği benzetim ve gerçek zamanlı uygulama ile gösterilmiştir. Hem PID hem de PI-PD denetleyicinin ayar parametreleri Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonu ile ISTE kriterine göre hesaplanmıştır.
Proportional-integral and proportional-derivative controller design based on analytically computed centroid point for controlling integrating processes
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2023) Alyoussef, Fadi; Kaya, Ibrahim
The proportional-integral and proportional-derivative controller is characterized by its capability to effectively control integrating processes compared with proportional-integral/proportional-integral-derivative controllers. Recently, several graphical methods have been proposed for tuning the PI-PD controller parameters by computing the centroid point of the stability boundary locus. However, these approaches are time-consuming because they entail plotting the stability boundary locus for finding the centroid point. Another disadvantage of those design methods is that the design procedure has to be redone as the transfer function changes. In this article, a generalized stability boundary locus is constructed in terms of the controller and assumed plant transfer function model parameters to enable the designer to avoid replotting the stability boundary locus as the process transfer function changes. More importantly, two analytical approaches, which simplify the design of the proportional-integral and proportional-derivative controller very much, are proposed to compute the centroid point of the generalized stability boundary locus. Analytical expressions for computing the performance measures of the designed closed-loop system have also been provided so that one can predict the performance of the designed closed-loop system. It has been shown by simulation examples that the analytical centroid of convex stability region method provides quicker responses with faster disturbance rejections compared to other reported design methods. Also, the simulation results have displayed that analytical weighted geometrical center gives more robust closed-loop responses in terms of gain margin, phase margins, and maximum sensitivity than analytical centroid of convex stability region. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed methods is tested using a real-time application based on an aerodynamical system. Real-time results have demonstrated that the analytical centroid of convex stability region and analytical weighted geometrical center methods give quicker responses with small overshoots compared to other reported methods.
Robust PI-PD controller design: Industrial simulation case studies and a real-time application
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Alyoussef, Fadi; Kaya, İbrahim; Akrad, Ahmad
PI-PD controllers have superior performance compared to traditional PID controllers, especially for controlling unstable and integrating industrial processes with time delays. However, computing the four tuning parameters of this type of controller is not an easy task. Recently, there has been significant interest in determining the tuning rules for PI-PD controllers that utilize the stability region. Currently, most tuning rules for the PI-PD controller are presented graphically, which can be time-consuming and act as a barrier to their industrial application. There is a lack of analytical tuning guidelines in the literature to address this shortfall. However, the existing analytical tuning guidelines do not consider a rigorous design approach. This work proposes new robust analytical tuning criteria based on predefined gain and phase margin bounds, as well as the centroid of the stability region. The proposed method has been tested using various simulation studies related to a DC–DC buck converter, a DC motor, and a heat exchanger. The results indicate that the proposed tuning rules exhibit strong performance against parameter uncertainty with minimal overshoots. Furthermore, the suggested technique for simultaneous control of yaw and pitch angles has been tested in a real-time application using the twin rotor multi-input multi-output system (TRMS). Real-time results indicate that, compared to other methods under investigation, the suggested approach provides nearly minimal overshoots.
Simple PI-PD tuning rules based on the centroid of the stability region for controlling unstable and integrating processes
(Elsevier Science Inc, 2023) Alyoussef, Fadi; Kaya, Ibrahim
Designing the parameters of a PI-PD controller is very challenging. Consequently, the centroid of the convex stability boundary locus approach was employed to overcome this challenge. Unfortunately, this approach requires deriving several equations for constructing the stability regions of the PI-PD controller. Also, it computes the centroid of the stability region based on visual observations without using any analytical methods. Therefore, it is time-consuming, and the accuracy of its computations is questionable. This paper suggests simple tuning rules for computing the gains of PI-PD controllers based on the centroid of the stability region to handle the limitations of the centroid of the convex stability boundary locus approach. A robustness analysis has also been conducted to gauge the performance of the proposed tuning rules. Moreover, several simulation examples and a real-time application have been considered for evaluating the effectiveness and the feasibility of the suggested approach.(c) 2022 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Speed Sensor Fault-Tolerant Controller for Induction Motor Using New Minimum Probability Voter Based on Signal Strength
(Ieee, 2019) Alyoussef, Fadi; Akrad, Ahmad
A speed sensor fault-tolerant back-stepping controller with a new minimum probability voter based on signal strength (MPVSS) has been introduced in this paper. The major goal of MPVSS is to detect and to reconfigure the induction motor control in case of speed sensor failure (intermittent disconnection of an incremental encoder) using sliding mode observer for low speed estimation and extended Kalman filter for medium and high speed estimation. Here, the proposed MPVSS enjoys the feature of insensitivity to rotor resistance variations and easiness to set its threshold. In fact, signal strength plays an essential role in releasing the designer from severe constraints imposed by selecting a correct voter threshold. Simulation results show the efficiency of the suggested method. Besides, the superiority of the presented approach has been confirmed by comparing its performance with a maximum-likelihood voting algorithm.
TRMS Experimental Results of New Nonlinear PID Tuned by DE Algorithm
(Ieee, 2019) Alyoussef, Fadi; Kaya, Ibrahim
TRMS is a nonlinear system which resembles a dynamic of a helicopter with a strong coupling effect between main and tail rotors. Generally speaking, the simplicity of the linear PID has tempted the control engineers to use it for controlling the nonlinear systems. However, the linear PID controller could not sufficiently handle these systems particularly in terms of producing a fast response with a small overshoot. Therefore, a new nonlinear PID based on the dynamic of biological cell membrane potentials has been proposed to alleviate the overshoot effect with insuring a small tracking error. The parameters of suggested controller have been tuned by using DE algorithm. The simulation and experimental results have illustrated the superior performance of proposed nonlinear controller compared to a linear PID.
Tuning proportional-integral controllers based on new analytical methods for finding centroid of stability locus for stable/unstable first-order plus dead-time processes
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2022) Alyoussef, Fadi; Kaya, Ibrahim
The simplicity of the proportional-integral controller makes it very popular in many practical engineering applications. In the literature, several approaches have been introduced for tuning proportional-integral controllers by calculating the centroid of the stability region. However, all those approaches depend on graphical plottings which are time-consuming. Also, the design procedure has to be redone as the transfer function changes. Here, two new analytical methods are proposed to obtain the centroid of the stability region for the proportional-integral controllers to control a time delay process which can be modeled by a stable or unstable first-order plus dead-time model. The methods introduced eliminate the compulsory procedure of plotting the stability region. The efficiency of the suggested methods has been studied by conducting a robustness analysis and studying several simulation examples.
Velocity sensor fault-tolerant controller for induction machine using intelligent voting algorithm
(MDPI, 2022) Alyoussef, Fadi; Akrad, Ahmad; Sehab, Rabia; Morel, Cristina; Kaya, İbrahim
Nowadays, induction machines (IMs) are widely used in industrial and transportation applications (electric or hybrid ground vehicle or aerospace actuators) thanks to their significant advantages in comparison to other technologies. Indeed, there is a large demand for IMs because of their reliability, robustness, and cost-effectiveness. The objective of this paper is to improve the reliability and performance of the three-phase induction machine in case of mechanical sensor failure. Moreover, this paper will discuss the development and proposal of a fault-tolerant controller (FTC), based on the combination of a vector controller, two virtual sensors (an extended Kalman filter, or EKF, and a sliding mode observer, or SMO) and a neural voting algorithm. In this approach, the vector controller is based on a new structure of a back-stepping sliding mode controller, which incorporates a double integral sliding surface to improve the performance of the induction machine in faulty operation mode. More specifically, this controller improves the machine performance in terms of having a fast response, fewer steady-state errors, and a robust performance in the existence of uncertainty. In addition, two voting algorithms are suggested in this approach. The first is based on neural networks, which are insensitive to parameter variations and do not need to set a threshold. The second one is based on fuzzy logic. Finally, validation is carried out by simulations in healthy and faulty operation modes to prove the feasibility of the proposed FTC.

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