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Öğe Adsorption performance of Bacillus licheniformis sp. bacteria isolated from the soil of the Tigris River on mercury in aqueous solutions(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022) Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Yıldırım, Ayfer; Acay, Hilal; Keskin, Cumali; Aygün, HüsamettinMercury is known to be one of the most toxic heavy metals in the environment and is released into the water systems in significant quantities through natural events and industrial process activities. Many chemical materials are used as adsorbents in the removal of toxic metals from the environment and wastewaters. However, using microorganisms as bio-sorbents instead of chemical materials has become common recently due to their low cost, easy availability and presence in nature. In this study, Bacillus licheniformis in the soil isolated from the Tigris River was used as bio-sorbent. The mercury (Hg(II)) absorption behaviour of Bacillus licheniformis bacteria (BLB) was investigated using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The effects of equilibrium of adsorption time, temperature, adsorbent dosage and pH on the adsorption of Hg (II) onto BLB were determined. The maximum adsorption capacity of Hg (II) onto BLB was determined as 82.12 mg/g (T = 25°C, pH 5, Co = 50 mg/L, m = 25 mg). The BLB was characterised using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. In addition, pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were applied. The equilibrium data for the adsorption of Hg(II) onto BLB were examined by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The activation energy was calculated using the pseudo-second-order rate constant. These results suggested the BLB can be used as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Hg(II) metal ions from wastewater. When the results of bio-sorption studies were examined, it was found that the bio-sorbent could be reused easily. The present study suggests that microorganism bio-sorbents are useful for the efficient removal of mercury from aqueous solutions.Öğe Bazı basidiomycetes türlerinin ekstraselüler enzimlerinin araştırılması(2017) Acay, Hilal; Yıldız, AbdunnasırBeyaz çürükçül funguslar, Basidiomicotina sınıfına dahil olup, yüksek miktarda enzim sentezleme yeteneğine sahiptirler. Bu özellikleri biyoteknolojideki önemlerini daha da artırmaktadır. Bu araştırmada, Diyarbakır-Mardin yöresinde doğal olarak yetişen bazı beyaz çürükçül funguslar tespit edilerek, bu türlerin ürettiği ekstrasellüler enzimler incelenmiştir. Dokuz Basidiomycetes suşunun incelendiği peynir altı suyu (PAS) ve saboroud dekstroz broth (SDB) ortamında, enzim indükleyici olarak pamuk sapı (P) kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, bütün türlerde Lakkaz, Mangan peroksidaz (MnP) ve Lignin peroksidaz (LiP) aktiviteleri gözlenmiştir. En yüksek Lakkaz aktiviteleri 150,47 ve 100,24 U/ml olarak sırasıyla; Amillariella tabescens 1' in SDB+P ve A. tabescens 2' nin PAS+P ortamlarında tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan Fomes fomentarius 1 ve F. fomentarius 2 suşları, MnP ve LiP aktiviteleri göz önüne alındığında dikkate değerdir. Yapılan çalışmada pamuk sapının enzim aktivitelerini indüklediği açıkça görülmektedir. Bu türler ve pamuk sapının biyoteknolojik uygulamalarda değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Basidiomycetes, Lignolitik Enzimler, Biyoteknoloji, Pamuk Sapı, Peynir Altı SuyuÖğe Bazı bitkisel atıkların Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr) Singer'in çeşitli evrelerdeki gelişimi ve verimi üzerine etkileri(2017) Acay, Hilal; Yıldız, AbdunnasırPleurotus sajor caju (Fr) Singer’in kültürü için ham materyal olarak, buğday sapı (B) ve buğday - mısır (B–M) saplarının 1:1 oranı kullanılmıştır. Katkı maddesi olarak da mercimek samanı (MS) ve pirinç kepeği (PK)’nin farklı oranları kullanılmıştır. Yapılan ön çalışmada; 1kg kuru ham materyal için 50 g (%5) ve 100 g (%10) katkı maddesi ayrı ayrı ilave edilmiştir.Temel çalışmada ise; 1kg kuru ham materyal için 100 g (%10) ve 200 g (%20) oranlarında katkı maddesi karıştırılarak ilave edilmiştir. Ön çalışmada; en kısa misel gelişim süresi, ortalama 9.8 gün olarak B+ 75 MS’de; en uzun misel gelişim süresi ise 23.6 gün olarak B-M+ 37.5 MS’de elde edilmiştir. En kısa basidiokarp oluşum süresi ortalama 28.6 gün olarak B-M+ 37.5 PK’de saptanmıştır. En uzun basidiokarp oluşum süresi ise ortalama 67.4 gün olarak B+ 37.5 MS’de tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan ön çalışmalarda, deneme gruplarının bütün tekrarlarında, 3 hasat elde edilememiştir. 100 g materyalden (% 70 nem) elde edilen taze mantar miktarı, I. hasatta; en yüksek ortalama 9.18 g olarak B-M+ 75 PK’den, en düşük ise 3.64 g olarak B+ 37.5 MS’den elde edilmiştir. Toplam hasatta ise; en düşük verim 5.08 g ile B+ 37.5 MS’de en yüksek erim ise B-M+37.5 PK’de saptanmıştır. Temel çalışmada ise; misel gelişim süresi (MGS) 12.8-38.0 gün olarak tespit edilmiştir. En kısa süre 12.8 gün olarak B’de, en uzun süre ise 38.0 gün olarak B-M+ 1MS:2PK’de elde edilmiştir. Basidiokarp oluşumu (BOS), birinci hasat ve toplam hasat sürelerinde en kısa süreler, sırasıyla; 16.4 gün, 26.6 gün ve 86.0 gün olarak buğday sapında saptanmıştır. En uzun basidiokarp oluşum, birinci hasat ve toplam hasat süreleri sırasıyla; 51.2 gün, 55.0 gün olarak B–M+ 1MS:2PK’den, 105.8 gün ile B–M+ 2MS:1PK’den elde edilmiştir. 100 g materyalden (% 70 nem) elde edilen taze mantar miktarı birinci, ikinci ve toplam hasatta sırasıyla; en yüksek 10.6, 7.3, 25.1 g olarak B–M+ 1MS:2PK’de tespit edilmiştir. Birinci hasta en düşük verim ise 7.1 g ile B+ 2MS:1PK’den elde edilirken toplam hasatta en düşük verim 15.7 g olarak B’den elde edilmiştir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Pleurotus sajor caju, Kültür, Gelişme, VerimÖğe Effect of Pleurotus ostreatus Water Extract Consumption on Blood Parameters and Cytokine Values in Healthy Volunteers(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Dundar, Abdurrahman; Yalcin, Pinar; Arslan, Nurgul; Acay, Hilal; Hatipoglu, Abdulkerim; Boga, Mehmet; Karahan, SelimObjective: Our aim in this study is, does 29-day regular consumption of Pleurotus ostreatus water extract by volunteer individuals who meet the study criteria have an effect on blood and cytokine values? Method: In accordance with the purpose of the study, volunteers were asked to consume 100 ml of the extract every morning for 29 days. Three tubes of blood samples were taken from the volunteers on the 15th and 29th days of the study. Biochemical and hematological analysis of the blood samples were performed and immunomodulatory effects through cytokines were examined. The values obtained from 3 tubes of blood obtained from volunteers before the use of mushroom extract were used as control. The chemical composition and beta-glucan content of 100 ml of mushroom water extract were also analyzed. Result: IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-13 could not be detected because the values were below the lowest standard value. TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-1 beta 15th and 29th day values decreased compared to the 1st day (control) values (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference observed between the 15th and 29th day. No abnormalities were observed in biochemical and hematological values. Also, the beta-glucan content of extract was found 38.12 mg/100 ml. Conclusion: The frequency range of kidney and liver function test results confirmed that P. osreatus is a reliable food source. Considering the cytokine values these results indicate that P. ostreatus water extract has an anti-inflammatory effect. As no significant difference was observed in 29 days of use, it is thought that 15 days of daily consumption of the extract may be sufficient for the anti-inflammatory effect to occur. However, a large number of qualified clinical trials are needed to support the issue.Öğe Effect of using different lignocellulosic wastes for cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. on mushroom yield, chemical composition and nutritional value(Academic Journals, 2009) Dundar, Abdurrahman; Acay, Hilal; Yildiz, AbdunnasirIn this study, the mushroom yield, chemical composition and nutritional value of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. cultivated in wheat stalk (WS), millet stalk (MS), soybean stalk (SS) and cotton stalk (CS) were determined. Fresh mushroom yield amounts (100 g of substrate, 70% moisture) obtained from WS, CS, MS and SS substrate media were 17.9, 14.3, 22.7 and 31.5 g, respectively. Samples of mushroom cultivated on different culture mediums were analysed for protein, energy, ash, fat, dietary fibre, carbohydrate, moisture, vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxin and niacin) and amino acid contents.Öğe The interaction methylene blue and glutathione-S-transferase purified from human erythrocytes(Springer Heidelberg, 2020) Uzan, Serhat; Acay, Hilal; Baran, M. Firat; Bilden, Alican; Aygun, HusamettinIt is known that textile dyes have various risks on human health. Glutathione-S-transferase enzymes play a critical role in the detoxification of xenobiotics in living systems. This study aimed to examine the interaction of methylene blue with human erythrocyte glutathione-S-transferase purified in one step. Human erythrocyte glutathione-S-transferase was purified with approximately 750-fold purification and 30% efficiency by glutathione agarose affinity chromatography. The results showed that the enzyme was inhibited by methylene blue with an IC(50)value of 1.40 mmol/L. The Ki constant of methylene blue was 1.17 mmol/L. The Lineweaver-Burk graph of the methylene blue showed that the type of inhibition was compatible with mixed type inhibition. A new third spot was also detected by thin-layer chromatography. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of methylene blue on human erythrocytes was evaluated and it was found that the haemolysis per cent of methylene blue on erythrocytes was approximately 14%.Öğe Pleurotus eryngii (DC.ex Fr.) Quel. ve Terfezia boudieri (Chatin)'nin besinsel içeriklerinin belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma(2006) Yıldız, Abdunnasır; Acay, Hilal; Yeşil, Ömer F.; Akyüz, Mehmet; Dündar, Abdurrahman[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr) singer’in yetiştiriciliği ve verimi üzerine araştırmalar(Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2019) Acay, Hilal; Yıldız, AbdunnasırPleurotus sajor caju (Fr) Singer‟in kültürü için ham materyal olarak, buğday sapı (B) ve buğday-mısır (B–M) saplarının 1:1 oranı kullanılmıştır. Katkı maddesi olarak da mercimek samanı (MS) ve pirinç kepeği (PK)‟nin farklı oranları kullanılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada, misel gelişim süresi (MGS) 12.8-38.0 gün olarak tespit edilmiştir. En kısa süre 12.8 gün olarak B‟de, en uzun süre ise 38.0 gün olarak B-M+ 1MS:2PK‟de elde edilmiştir. Basidiokarp oluşum süresi (BOS), birinci hasat ve toplam hasat sürelerinde en kısa süreler, sırasıyla; 16.4 gün, 26.6 gün ve 86.0 gün olarak buğday sapında saptanmıştır. En uzun basidiokarp oluşum, birinci hasat ve toplam hasat süreleri sırasıyla; 51.2 gün, 55.0 gün olarak B–M+ 1MS:2PK‟den, 105.8 gün ile B–M+ 2MS:1PK‟den elde edilmiştir. 100 g materyalden (% 70 nem) elde edilen taze mantar miktarı birinci, ikinci ve toplam hasatta sırasıyla; en yüksek 10.6, 7.3, 25.1 g olarak B–M+ 1MS:2PK‟de tespit edilmiştir. Birinci hasta en düşük verim ise 7.1 g ile B+ 2MS:1PK‟den elde edilirken toplam hasatta en düşük verim 15.7 g olarak B‟den elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; P. sajor-caju kültürü için üreticilere diğer deneme gruplarına göre en kısa sürede ve en yüksek miktarda ürün veren B-M+ 1MS:2PK ortamı önerilebilir.Öğe Yield performances and nutritional contents of three oyster mushroom species cultivated on wheat stalk(Academic Journals, 2008) Dundar, Abdurrahman; Acay, Hilal; Yildiz, AbdunnasirThis study was conducted to determine nutritive value and yield performance of the three types of oyster mushroom; Pleurotus eryngii (Dc. Ex Fr.) quel), Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.: Fr.) Kumm.) and Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer, cultivated on wheat stalk. The total fresh mushroom yields obtained with 100 g material (70% misture) after the three harvests and the total harvest time were calculated. P. sajor-caju gave the highest yield as 20.2 g. The yield of P. ostreatus was 17.9 g and the lowest yield was P. eryngii, 4.5 g. Total harvest time of mushrooms were determined. As the P. sajor-caju was harvested in 67.46 days, P. ostreatus was harvested in 82.64 days and P. eryngii was harvested in 85.27 days. For chemical composition analysis the fruiting bodies of mushrooms were collected after the first productive flow and dried in an oven at 60 C at a constant weight and kept under refrigeration at 4 C. Energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, dietary fibre, moisture, ash (g in 100 g dried matter) and amino acids (mg in 1 g dried matter) of mushrooms were analysed. In P. eryngii and P. sajor-caju the highest amount of amino acid was from aspartic acid and the lowest was from methionine. The highest and the lowest amino acid amount in P. ostreatus were from glutamic acid and methionine, respectively. The histidine amino acid was just detected in P. eryngii but hydroxy-L-proline was not detected in mushrooms. The energy (kcal/100 g dried matter), fat, protein, carbohydrate, dietary fibre, moisture and ash (g/100 g dried matter) values of P. eryngii were 276.33, 11.95, 7.50, 39.85, 28.45, 7.23 and 4.89, respevtively. These values for P. ostreatus were 243.66, 17.12, 2.60, 37.87, 30.25, 7.39 and 4.78, respectively. The values for P. sajor-caju were 229.22, 16.75, 1.15, 37.72, 30.67, 7.42 and 5.84, respectively.