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Öğe The anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of nebivolol and zofenopril in a model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2012) Uzar, Ertugrul; Acar, Abdullah; Evliyaoglu, Osman; Firat, Ugur; Kamasak, Kagan; Gocmez, Cuneyt; Alp, HarunThe aim of this experiment was to investigate whether nebivolol and zofenopril have protective effects against oxidative damage and apoptosis induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). There were seven groups of rats, with each containing eight rats. The groups were: the control group, I/R group, I/R plus zofenopril, I/R plus nebivolol, I/R plus nebivolol and zofenopril. zofenopril only and nebivolol only. Cerebral I/R was induced by clamping the bilateral common carotid artery and through hypotension. The rats were sacrificed 1 h after ischemia, and histopathological and biochemical analyses were carried out on their brains. The total antioxidant capacity was evaluated by using an automated and colorimetric measurement method developed by Erel. I/R produced a significant increase in the levels of total oxidant status and malondialdehyde levels, the number of caspase-3 immunopositive cells and activities of prolidase and paraoxonase in brain when compared with the control group (p<0.05). A significant decrease in brain total antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide levels were found in I/R group when compared with the control group (p<0.05). Both nebivolol and zofenopril treatment prevented decreasing of the total antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide levels, produced by I/R in the brain (p<0.05). Both nebivolol and zofenopril treatment prevented the total oxidant status, malondialdehyde levels, activities of paraoxonase and prolidase from increasing in brains of rats exposed to I/R (p<0.05). In conclusion, both nebivolol and zofenopril protected rats from ischemia-induced brain injury. The protection may be due to the indirect prevention of oxidative stress and apoptosis. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Assessment of hand functions in patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia(Elsevier, 2020) Oktayoglu, Pelin; Acar, Abdullah; Gunduz, Ibrahim; Caglayan, Mehmet; Akbostanci, Muhittin CenkCervical dystonia (CD) is the most common form of focal dystonia characterized by involuntary contractions of the neck muscles, causing abnormal rotation of the head into specific directions. Studies report that idiopathic dystonia is a developmental disorder of the sensorimotor circuits, involving both the cortico-striatal and thalamo-cortical pathways. It is also suggested that enhanced cortical plasticity extends beyond the clinically affected region and may also be detected in the unaffected upper limbs of the patient with CD. In the present study, we aimed at exploring if patients with CD had hand motor dysfunctions. Forty patients with idiopathic CD and 40 healthy controls were included in this study. Dystonic symptoms were assessed by means of The Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS). Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) was used to assess functional status. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed by using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF 36). Grip strength was assessed by using hand dynamometers. Tip pinch, lateral pinch and chuck pinch of the hand were assessed by using a pinchmeter. Fingertip dexterity and hand coordination was assessed using Purdue Pegboard. Duruoz Hand Index (DHI) was used for the assessment of hand functions. There were no significant differences between the groups in grip and pinch strengths of hands and fingers. As to the fingertip dexterity, patients with CD had a mean Pin 1 and Pin 2 test score of 10.6 +/- 2.8 and 10.8 +/- 3.2 respectively and a mean assembling test score of 5.2 +/- 2.0. These results were significantly worse than those of the healthy controls. As to the SF 36 sub-scores, there were significant differences between the groups in all SF 36 sub-scores (p < .001). This study indicates that patients with CD suffer a deteriorated fine motor coordination of hands without dystonic involvement of upper extremities. Furthermore, lower SF 36 scores in patients with CD suggest poorer health-related quality of life.Öğe Cerebral Infarct due to Fibromuscular Dysplasia: A Case Report(Cukurova Univ, Fac Medicine, 2013) Tay, Arzu; Tamam, Yusuf; Acar, AbdullahThe course of cervicocephalic fibromuscular dysplasia is mainly asymptomatic. It is often found as an incidental finding on autopsy or angiography mostly in women and is commonly located in extracranial region of carotid artery. In the present article, we reported a 21 year- old man who has been initially accepted to our intensive care with a tentative diagnosis of cerebrovascular infarct after having symptoms of loss of consciousness and right hemiparesis. He later received a certain diagnosis of fibromuscular dysplasia after neuroimaging findings. This disorder should be considered in differential diagnosis of young stroke patients.Öğe Changes in serum albumin levels and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in patients with convulsive status epilepticus(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Ozdemir, Hasan H.; Akil, Esref; Acar, Abdullah; Tamam, Yusuf; Varol, Sefer; Cevik, Mehmet Ugur; Arikanoglu, AdaletAim: Inflammation may be involved in the ictogenesis and development of some partial epilepsies. Serum albumin levels and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are markers of inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of serum albumin levels and NLR to predict inflammation in patients with convulsive status epilepticus (CSE). Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 58 patients who were diagnosed with CSE and control group comprised of 58 healthy individuals. Albumin levels and NLR were evaluated during both the acute and subacute periods of CSE. Results: The average serum albumin levels were 3.27 +/- 0.62 g/dL during the acute period and 3.4 +/- 0.67 g/dL in the subacute period in the patient group and 3.92 +/- 0.52 g/dL in the control group. Neutrophil counts were higher in patients in the acute phase of CSE, but lymphocyte counts were lower compared to the control group and the subacute phase. The average NLR values were 4.83 +/- 5.1 in the acute period, 3.07 +/- 3.02 during the subacute period and 1.98 +/- 0.42 in the control group. Serum albumin and NLR levels were significantly different between the patients in the subacute and acute periods of CSE and the control group (p < 0.05). There were significant negative correlational relationships between serum albumin and NLR levels (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We found serum albumin levels were significantly lower and the NLR was significantly higher in the acute period of CSE. Neutrophil-mediated inflammation may be important in the aetiopathogenesis of CSE.Öğe Comparison of 3.0-T MRI findings in drug resistant and non-resistant adult epileptic patients(2013) Ekici, Faysal; Tekbaş, Güven; Önder, Hakan; Gümüş, Hatice; Çetinçakmak, Mehmet Güli; Balık, Suzan K.; Acar, Abdullah; Hamidi, Cihat; Bilici, Aslan; 0000-0002-4293-1335Epilepsy is a common chronic disease characterized by spontaneous and recurrent seizures. Along with the increases in life expectancy, the prevalence of epilepsy in adults increased in parallel. 3.0-T MRI provides high signal/noise ratio and is an important tool in the determination of epileptic lesion in epilepsy patients. Our aim in this study was to research and compare 3.0-T MRI findings of Turkish epileptic patients that are resistant and non-resistant to medical treatment. 3.0-T MRI images from 264 consecutive patients, of which 150 were males and 114 were females (age range 18-82 years; mean age 31.3 years) were examined, retrospectively. Among those patients, 94 were resistant to medical treatment (DRE+) and 170 were non-resistant (DRE-). Epileptic lesion was determined in 119 of the patients. Epileptic lesion was determined in sixty-three patients who were resistant to medical treatment and in fifty-six patients who were non-resistant. Epileptic lesion was determined in approximately half of the adult epilepsy patients by using 3.0-T MRI. This study demonstrates a high prevalence of brain abnormalities in Turkish epileptic patients with DRE+. The lesion was determined in 67% of patients with medical treatment resistance, while the percentage for the other group was only 32.9%. The ratio of epileptic lesion determination by using 3.0-T MRI was quite higher in the medical treatment resistant group than the non-resistant group.Öğe Deneysel serebral iskemi/reperfüzyon hasarında kafeik asit fenetil esterin koruyucu etkisi(Turkish Neurological Society, 2020) Uzar, Ertuğrul; Acar, Abdullah; Fırat, Uğur; Evliyaoğlu, Osman; Alp, Harun; Tüfek, Adnan; Yavuz, Celal; Demirtaş, Sinan; Taşdemir, NebahatÖz:Serebral iskemi/reperfüzyon (İ/R) oksidatif stresle ilişkili olduğu için, serbest oksijen radikallerinin üretiminin düzenlenmesi serebral İ/R tedavisinde yeni yaklaşımlara neden olabilir. Kafeik asit fenetil ester (CAPE)’in nöroprotektif, antioksidan, antiinflamatuvar ve antiapopitotik olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; serebral İ/R hasarında CAPE’nin koruyucu etkisi olup olmadığı ve toplam oksidan ve antioksidan durum üzerinde olası etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. YÖNTEMLER: Kontrol grubu, İ/R grubu ve İ/R + CAPE grubu olarak toplam 30 sıçan rastgele olarak üç gruba ayrıldı. Deney işlemlerinden sonra elde edilen beyin dokularında total oksidan durum (TOS), total antioksidan durum (TAS) ve oksidatif stres indeksi (OSİ) seviyeleri ölçüldü ve histopatolojik olarak hücresel yapılar değerlendirildi. BULGULAR: Beyin dokusunda İ/R grubunda TOS ve OSİ seviyeleri kontrole göre belirgin olarak yüksek (p= 0.023, p= 0.001) ve TAS düzeyi kontrole göre düşük bulundu (p= 0.001). CAPE tedavisi İ/R nedeniyle oluşabilecek TOS ve OSİ yükselmelerini önledi (sırayla; p= 0.041, p= 0.001). İ/R + CAPE grubunda TAS seviyesi İ/R grubuna göre daha yüksek bulundu (p= 0.002). İ/R grubu beyin kesitlerinde inflamasyon, vasküler konjesyon ve nekrozu içeren serebral İ/R hasarı gösterildi. Bu histopatolojik serebral hasar bulguları İ/R + CAPE grubunda İ/R grubuna göre belirgin olarak daha hafifti (her bir parametre için p< 0.05). SONUÇ: Bu çalışmada serebral İ/R patogenezinde oksidatif stresin önemli bir rolü olduğu görülmüş olup, histopatolojik ve biyokimyasal incelemelerle sıçanlarda CAPE tedavisinin İ/R hasarını belirgin düzeyde azalttığı gözlendi.Öğe Deneysel serebral iskemide eritropoietinin nöroprotektif etkinliği(2016) Acar, Abdullah; Aluçlu, M. UfukEpo, akut ve kronik merkezi sinir sistemi hastalıklarının deneysel modellerinde tedavi edici etkinliği gösterilmiş bir sitokin-hormondur. Epo.sinir sisteminin gelişimi, korunması ve onarımı süreçlerinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Çok sayıda in vitro ve in vivo çalışma ile Epo ve Epo reseptörünün sinir sisteminde ve nöronal hücrelerde bulunduğu saptanmıştır. Epo'in çeşitli hücre kültürü ve deneysel hayvan modellerinde nöroprotektif etkinliği gösterilmiştir. Çalışmamızda sıçanlarda intraluminal sutur kullanarak 2 saatlik geçici MCAO oluşturduk. Geçici MCAO'dan sonra sıçanlara Epo ve izotonik uygulayarak nörolojik fonksiyon, makroskobik ve mikroskobik lezyon alanlarını karşılaştırarak Epo'in nöroprotektif etkinliğini araştırdık. Epo ile tedavi edilen sıçanların nörolojik fonksiyonlarını kontrol grubuna oranla yaklaşık % 25 oranında daha iyi saptadık. Makroskobik olarak lezyon alanında yaklaşık %50 oranında azalma saptadık. Mikroskobik olarak kontrol grubunda görülen iskemik hücre değişikliklerinde belirgin bir düzelme olduğunu saptadık. Bu bulgular Epo'in çeşitli nörolojik hastalıkların tedavisinde klinik uygulama olanağı bulabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Deneysel Serebral Iskemi, Eritropoietin.Öğe Diagnostic value of F-wave inversion in patients with early carpal tunnel syndrome(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2012) Cevik, Mehmet Ugur; Altun, Yasar; Uzar, Ertugrul; Acar, Abdullah; Yucel, Yavuz; Arikanoglu, Adalet; Varol, SeferRoutine electrophysiological studies usually give normal results in patients with early stage carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Diagnostic significance of the F-wave inversion (the median of F-wave minimal latencies (FWML) exceeds a normal ipsilateral ulnar FWML by 1 ms) has not been previously reported in early stage CTS. In this study, our primary aim was to investigate the diagnostic value of F-wave inversion in early stage CTS. Additionally, we aimed to demonstrate any possible relationship between F-wave inversion and symptom scores of the Boston questionnaire and functional capacity in early stage CTS. The study included 60 early stage CTS patients who presented with a median sensory nerve conduction velocity of >= 50 m/s. The symptom severity and functional status of the patients were assessed by using the Boston questionnaire. The control group consisted of 45 healthy volunteers. We compared early stage CTS patients and healthy control subjects in terms of the results obtained from median-ulnar FWML. Existence of F-wave inversion was found in 32 (53.3%) of the early stage CTS patients and in 3 (8.7%) of the healthy controls (p = 0.001). It was also found to be positively correlated with the Boston questionnaire scores (p = 0.001, r = 0.41) and functional capacity scores (p = 0.001, r = 0.41). The sensitivity and specificity of F-wave inversion for the diagnosis of early stage CTS were calculated as 53.3% and 93.3%, respectively. The addition of F-wave inversion measurement to the set of the routine nerve conduction studies can increase the reliability of the electrophysiological studies in patients with early stage CTS. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Early Orbital Blood Flow Changes in Multiple Sclerosis Patients with Unilateral Acute Optic Neuritis(Taylor & Francis As, 2012) Ari, Seyhmus; Ekinci, Faysal; Acar, Abdullah; Sahin, Alparslan; Cingu, Abdullah Kursat; Cinar, Yasin; Caca, IhsanThe aim of this study was to evaluate orbital blood flow by using colour Doppler imaging before corticosteroid administration in multiple sclerosis patients with unilateral acute optic neuritis. Thirty multiple sclerosis patients with unilateral acute optic neuritis and 30 healthy subjects were included as the study and the control groups. The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis optic neuritis was based on clinical presentation, visually evoked potential, and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Data obtained from affected and unaffected eyes were compared with each other and the control group. Ophthalmic artery peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, resistivity index, and pulsatile index were measured in all patients before administration of systemic corticosteroid treatment and in control subjects. All parameters of blood flow obtained from affected eyes of patients who developed acute optic neuritis were significantly higher than those of the clinically uninvolved eyes of the affected patients (p < 0.001) and those of control eyes (p < 0.001). In addition, statistically significant increases were found in ophthalmic artery peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, and resistivity index of the clinically uninvolved eye of the affected patients compared with the control group (p = 0.002, p = 0.012, p = 0.013, respectively). No significant differences were found in blood flow data between left and right eyes of the control group (p > 0.05).Öğe The Effect of Apomorphine Therapy in the Coexistence of Parkinson's Disease and Myasthenia Gravis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature(Erciyes Univ Sch Medicine, 2024) Demir, Fidel; Acar, Abdullah; Akkus, SemaBackground: The simultaneous occurrence of Parkinson's disease (PD)-a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by the loss of monoaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra-and Myasthenia gravis (MG)-a neuromuscular junction disease-is exceptionally rare. Although these conditions have different pathophysiological foundations, literature reports at least 29 cases of individuals diagnosed with both disorders. Case Report: We present the case of a 66-year-old patient treated for Parkinson's disease for four years before being diagnosed with MG, following the onset of dysphagia and bilateral ptosis. Apomorphine infusion, an advanced treatment option, was safely initiated. Conclusion: This case highlights the coexistence of PD and MG and illustrates the potential benefits of apomorphine infusion therapy. Apomorphine was effective in reducing symptoms, improving motor function, and enhancing the patient's quality of life.Öğe Effect of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester on Cerebellar Tissue Damage Secondary to Methanol Intoxication: Experimental Study(Turkish Neurological Soc, 2013) Arikanoglu, Adalet; Yuksel, Hatice; Gocmez, Cuneyt; Uzar, Ertugrul; Acar, Abdullah; Aluclu, Mehmet UfukObjective: Previous studies have shown the role of oxidative stress in methanol neurotoxicity. CAPE is known to have an antioxidant property that is shown in many experimental studies. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether CAPE has a protective effect against oxidative stress observed in the cerebellar tissue in methanol intoxication. Material and Method: In this study, a total of 40 rats were split into 5 groups: control group (n=8), MTX-alone group (n=8), MTX+methanol group (n=8), MTX+methanol+ethanol group (ethanol group) (n=8), and MTX+metanol+CAPE group (CAPE group) (n=8). All the rats except the control group were delivered methotrexate (MTX) therapy (0.3 mg/kg/day, via i. p. route) for 7 days in order to induce methanol toxicity. The control group received no drug therapy. Seven days later, 3 g/kg (i.p.) methanol was delivered in the ethanol and CAPE groups. Four hours after the delivery of methanol, ethanol group received 0.5 g/kg ethanol (i.p.) and CAPE group received 10 mu mol/kg CAPE (i.p.), while the other groups were delivered only saline (i.p.). The rats were decapitated after 8 hours and the cerebellar tissues were removed. PON-1, TAS, and MDA levels were measured in the tissues. Results: MTX-alone group demonstrated decreased TAS and PON-1 levels (p=0.001 and p=0.004, respectively) and increased MDA level (p=0.001), as compared to the control group. When MTX+methanol group was compared with the MTX-alone group, MTX+methanol group was found to have decreased TAS and PON-1 activities (p=0.037 and p=0.046, respectively) and increased MDA level (p=0.022). The ethanol group was found to show a significant decrease in MDA level (p=0.001), as compared with the MTX+methanol group. The CAPE group exhibited increased TAS and PON-1 levels (p=0.001 and p=0.001, respectively) and decreased MDA levels, as compared with the MTX+methanol group. Discussion: Cerebellum demonstrates oxidative stress secondary to methanol intoxication. CAPE therapy is more effective against cerebellar oxidative stress than ethanol therapy.Öğe The effects of intravenous immunoglobulin on cerebral ischemia in rats: An experimental study(Sage Publications Inc, 2016) Tunik, Selcuk; Aluclu, Mehmet Ufuk; Acar, Abdullah; Akkoc, Hasan; Guzel, Aslan; Alabalik, Ulas; Akkus, MuratStroke is one of the major reasons of death in the United States and related to adult disability. Despite aggressive research, the treatment approaches of stroke still remains a major clinical problem. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a polyspecific Ig G preparation obtained from plasma of several thousand healthy people (donors). IVIg is an important treatment approach and used for several disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the potentially beneficial effects of IVIg therapy in experimentally induced ischemia in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) models of rats. A total of 30 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were used. The rats were divided into two equal groups, each consisting of 15 randomly selected rats: control group (n = 15) and IVIg group (n = 15). Intraluminal filament method was used for establishment of cerebral ischemia. Intraluminal filament was withdrawn after 2 h of MCAo and reperfusion started again and passed to therapeutic stages for all the groups. Physiologic saline solution of 0.5 ml/kg was administered to the control group and 400 mg/kg IVIg was given to the IVIg group rats intravenously. In neurological evaluation, the worst score was determined as 3 and the best score as 0. After routine process, the brain tissue was prepared histopathological investigation. The IVIg group showed significantly better recovery with respect to the control group by neurological examination. The observation of specimens obtained from IVIg groups showed that findings correlate with grade 1 and -2 histopathologically. Nevertheless, ischemic amendments were observed to comply with grade 3 in ischemic areas in control group. IVIg therapy can be used in the treatment of ischemic stroke patients.Öğe The effects of spinosad on antioxidant system and cognitive performance of mice(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Acar, Abdullah; Akkoc, Hasan; Erdinc, MeralIntroduction: There are few studies examining the effect of spinosad on cognitive functions in the literature. Methods: In this study, we applied spinosad 3 weeks in different doses to mice and examined their effects on antioxidant system and cognitive performance. Results: In the open field test, we observed a significant decrease (p < .05) in the total distance travelled and the time spent in the central area in all subjects who underwent spinosad. In the novel object recognition test, we observed decreases in the time spent with new and old objects. From the biochemical point of view, while BDNF and NGF levels were significantly lower in the spinosad applied group (p < .05), there was no difference in GPx and SOD levels (p > .05). Conclusions: These results show that spinosad disrupts cognitive functions at the doses we used in our study and this negative effect may be related to the decrease in neurotrophic factors.Öğe Effects of Sublethal Doses of Thiacloprid, a Neonicotinoid Insecticide, on Learning and Memory Performance of Mice(Asian Network Scientific Information-Ansinet, 2020) Akkoc, Hasan; Acar, Abdullah; Toprak, Gulten; Uyar, EmreBackground and Objective: Thiacloprid (THI), a neonicotinoid insecticide, currently one of the most preferred insecticides worldwide. Although they are claimed to be less hazardous on mammals, late studies revealed the harmful effects of this kind of insecticides. However, there are few studies examining the effect of THI on learning and memory performance in the literature. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of sublethal doses of THI on learning and memory functions and to determine the effect of the protocol on biochemical parameters. Materials and Methods: In this outcome, 50, 100 and 200 mg kg(-1) THI were administered by oral gavage for 3 weeks in mice (n:7). At the end of this process, a novel object recognition (NOR) and passive avoidance (PA) tests were conducted to measure learning and memory functions. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were measured biochemically. Results: In the NOR test, reductions in the discrimination index values were observed with THI applications. The step-through latencies of the mice to enter the dark compartment in the retention trial of the PA test was reduced similarly in THI applied groups. The biochemical investigations revealed that BDNF and GPx levels in the brain tissue were significantly reduced in all groups compared to the control group, while a significant reduction in NGF levels was observed only in 200 mg kg(-1) applied group. There was no significant difference in SOD and CAT levels between test groups. Conclusion: These results indicated that sublethal, chronic THI application degenerates the learning and memory functions with affecting BDNF, NGF and GPx levels.Öğe Epilepsi hastasında topiramatın indüklediği ekolali olgusu(Modestum Publishing Ltd., 2014) Akıl, Eşref; Alp, Rezan; Atli, Abdullah; Acar, Abdullah; Özdemir, H. HasanEkolali başkalarının söylediklerini anlamsız olarak tekrar edilmesi olan sözel bir davranış bozukluğudur. Topiramat birçok epileptik nöbet tipinin tedavisinde kullanılan etkili bir antiepileptik ajandır. Olgumuz 44 yaşında epileptik nöbetleri için 1000mg/gün sodyum valproat kullanan bir epilepsi hastası idi. Son aylarda nöbet sıklığında artma nedeniyle tedavisine yüksek dozda ve hızlı titre edilerek 600mg/gün dozunda topiramat eklendi. Topiramat eklendikten sonra epileptik nöbeti olmadı. Hasta topiramat kullanmaya başladıktan kısa bir süre sonra konfüzyon, dezoryantasyon ve özelikle ekolali içeren konuşma bozukluğu gelişti. Bu nedenle bir epilepsi hastasında topiramatın hızlı titrasyonunun sebep olduğu bir ekolali olgusunu sunduk.Öğe Evaluation of cerebral venous thrombosis secondary to oral contraceptive use in adolescents(Springer-Verlag Italia Srl, 2015) Ozdemir, Hasan H.; Varol, Sefer; Akil, Esref; Acar, Abdullah; Demir, Caner F.Our goal was to evaluate the clinical patterns, additional risk factors, treatment and outcome of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) related to adolescent oral contraceptive pill (OCP) usage. We evaluated 22 patients with CVT related to OCPs admitted to Firat and Dicle University Hospitals from January 2008 to January 2013. We assessed the clinical features, risk factors, imaging results and prognosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance were the preferred procedures for the diagnosis of CVT. MRI revealed parenchymal lesions in 11 (50 %) patients, and the remaining patients had normal MRIs. The sinuses most frequently affected by thrombosis were the superior sagittal sinus and the transverse sinus. The additional risk factors identified for CVT were antiphospholipid syndrome, protein C deficiency, protein C and S deficiency, factor V Leiden associated with heterozygous antithrombin III deficiency, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and prothrombin gene mutations. CVT may be overlooked in adolescents because it is more common among middle-aged and elderly adults. CVT should be suspected in the presence of neurological symptoms in adolescents, especially in those using OCPs.Öğe Evaluation of effects of memantine on cerebral ischemia in rats(Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital, 2008) Aluclu, Mehmet U.; Arslan, Seyfi; Acar, Abdullah; Guzel, Asian; Bahceci, Selen; Yaldiz, MehmetObjective: To evaluate the effects of memantine on infarct size in cerebral ischemia and on neurological outcome after temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion in rats. Methods: In this study, performed between 2002-2004 in Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey, 30 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Cerebral ischemia was constituted by the intraluminal filament method with a 4-0 nylon suture. Reperfusion was started after 2 hours of MCAO. The rats were randomly divided into 2 groups as control and memantine. Saline 0.9% (0-5 ml/kg) and memantine (30 mg/kg) were administered via nasogastric intubations. Three coronal slices of 2 mm thickness were obtained from cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem, and were stained with a 2% solution of triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Transparent sheets were placed over each section and the areas of the brain and infarct were measured. Results: Forty-five slices from each group (total 90) were obtained. Percent of ischemic area (%) in cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem level in memantine was lower than those of the control group (p < 0.0001). In addition, we determined an improvement in neurological score at 24th and 72nd hours in the rats that have been given memantine. The memantine group showed significantly better recovery than the control group (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: We concluded that memantine may decrease ischemic area in experimental cerebral ischemia in rats and it seems that memantine may be beneficial in cerebral ischemia.Öğe Evaluation of erythroprotein effects on cerebral ischemia in rats(Maghira & Maas Publications, 2007) Aluclu, Mehmet Ufuk; Acar, Abdullah; Guzel, Aslan; Bahceci, Selen; Yaldiz, MehmetObjective: Majority of severe disabilities in adults are caused by stroke. The aim of our study is to learn the effects of erythropoietin (EP), on infarct size in cerebral ischemia and to determine neurological behavioral scores and histopathological evaluation. Material & Methods: In this study 30 adult Sprague-Dawney rats were used. Cerebral ischemia was constituted by intraluminal filament method with a 4-0- nylon suture. Reperfusion was started after two hours of middle cerebral artery occlusion. The rats were randomly divided into two groups as follow: control and EPO groups. Saline 0.9% (0.5 ml/kg) and EPO (5000 U/kg) was administered intraperitoneally in the groups. Three coronal slices in two millimeters thickness were obtained from cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem, and were stained with a 2% solution of triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Transparent sheets were placed over each section and the areas of the brain and infarct were measured. The neurological scores were determined at 24(th), 48(th) and 72(nd) hours after reperfusion. Results: Percent of ischemic area (%) in cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem level in EPO groups were less than those of control group (p<0.0001). In addition, we determined that EPO group was better than controls of neurologic score and histopatologically after cerebral ischemia. Conclusions: We concluded that EPO may decrease ischemic area in experimental cerebral ischemia in rats and it seems that EPO may be beneficial.Öğe Evaluation of serum oxidant/antioxidant balance in multiple sclerosis(Springer Heidelberg, 2012) Acar, Abdullah; Cevik, M. Ugur; Evliyaoglu, Osman; Uzar, Ertugrul; Tamam, Yusuf; Arikanoglu, Adalet; Yucel, YavuzThe total oxidative status (TOS)/total anti-oxidative status (TAS) ratio can provide information on an individual's absolute oxidative stress index (OSI). We investigated the alterations in the oxidant-antioxidant balance by measuring the oxidant parameters OSI, TOS, and malondialdehyde (MDA) together with the antioxidant parameters such as TAS, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate OSI in patients with relapsing remitting MS. 35 ambulatory patients with relapsing-remitting MS (35.8 +/- A 8.7 years) and 32 age- and activity-matched healthy control subjects (35.1 +/- A 3.7 years) that participated in the study. Serum TAS and TOS levels were determined using new automated methods. MS patients had higher concentrations of MDA (151.5 +/- A 51.1 vs. 111.3 +/- A 27.4 nmol/g protein, respectively; p < 0.001), TOS (148.1 +/- A 162.5 vs. 48.3 +/- A 46.4 mmol H2O2 Equiv./g protein, respectively; p = 0.002), OSI (21124 +/- A 32543 vs. 5294 +/- A 5562, respectively; p = 0.008), and SOD (4.5 +/- A 0.7 vs. 3.4 +/- A 0.6 U/L, respectively; p < 0.001) compared with healthy controls. On the other hand, MS patients had lower concentrations of NO (12.3 +/- A 6.9 vs. 17.4 +/- A 2.5 mu mol/g protein, respectively; p < 0.001) and TAS (0.82 +/- A 0.27 vs. 0.26 +/- A 0.15, respectively; p = 0.011) compared with healthy controls. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MS.Öğe Identifying autonomic nervous system dysfunction in acute cerebrovascular attack by assessments of heart rate variability and catecholamine levels(Georg Thieme Verlag Kg, 2015) Akil, Esref; Tamam, Yusuf; Akil, Mehmet Ata; Kaplan, Ibrahim; Bilik, Mehmet Zihni; Acar, Abdullah; Tamam, BanuObjective: This study aimed to evaluate changes in the autonomic nervous system caused by cerebral lesions due to acute stroke. We assessed heart rate variability and catecholamine levels in lieu of stroke lesion localization. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 stroke patients and 31 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were measured on the first, third, and seventh days following the stroke event. Heart rate variability was evaluated with time-domain and frequency-domain analyses via 24-hour Holter monitor recordings. Results: On the first and third day following the stroke, norepinephrine levels were significantly higher in all patient groups as compared to controls. Epinephrine levels on the first, third and seventh days after the stroke were significantly higher in patients with lesions in the right middle cerebral artery territory than controls. In frequency-domain analysis, patients with right middle cerebral artery territory lesions had greater low frequency and low frequency to high frequency ratio values than controls. Time-domain analysis revealed significant decreases in the standard deviation from the mean for 5-minute 288 R-R intervals in patients with lesions in the right middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery territory when contrasted with controls. Patients with lesions in the right middle cerebral artery territory demonstrated the highest increase in the percentage of consecutive R-R intervals differing by more than 50 ms (pNN50) as compared to the control group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that autonomic dysfunction favoring an increase in sympathetic activity occurs in acute stroke patients.
