Munzur Nehri’nde yaşayan Capoeta umbla (Heckel, 1843) ve Chondrostoma regium (Heckel, 1843)’un total lipit ve yağ asitlerinin mevsimsel değişimi
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Tarih
2017
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info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada, Munzur Nehri’nde yaşayan Capoeta umbla ve Chondrostoma regium’un kas, karaciğer ve gonatlarının total lipit, fosfolipit, triaçilgliserol ve fosfatidilkolin (PC), fosfatidilinositol (PI), fosfatidilserin (PS) ve fosfatidiletanolamin (PE) gibi fosfolipit altsınıfları fraksiyonundaki yağ asiti bileşiminin, eşeye ve mevsime bağlı değişimleri araştırılmıştır. Balık örnekleri Munzur Nehri’nden temmuz 2013-nisan 2014 tarihlerinde üçer aylık periyotlarla alınmıştır. C. umbla ve C. regium’da total lipit içeriği yıl içinde dişilerin kas dokusunda % 1.153.30, erkeklerin kas dokusunda % 1.35-3.90, ovaryumda % 2.39-12.64, testislerde % 3.65-9.43, dişilerin karaciğerinde % 4.42-14.5, erkeklerin karaciğerinde % 7.44-17.31 aralığında değişmiştir. Kasın total lipit içeriği diğer dokulardan daha düşük bulunmuştur. Balıkların dokularındaki total lipit miktarı; üreme zamanı ve mevsime bağlı olarak değişiklik göstermiştir. Balıkların; kas, gonat ve karaciğerlerindeki total lipit, total fosfolipit, triaçilgliserol ve fosfolipit altsınıf (PC, PI, PS ve PE) yağ asiti içerikleri; yağ asiti standartları kullanılarak, gaz kromatografisi ile belirlenmiştir. Gaz kromatografisi sonuçlarına göre; her iki balık türünün dokularında doymuş yağ asitlerinden miristik asit (14:0), pentadekanoik asit (15:0), palmitik asit (16:0), heptadekanoik asit (17:0) ve stearik asit (18:0); tekli doymamış yağ asitlerinden palmitoleik asit (16:1n-7), oleik asit (18:1n-9) ve eikosenoik asit (20:1n-9); a?ırı doymamış yağ asitlerinden linoleik asit (18:2n-6), linolenik asit (18:3n-3), eikosadienoik asit (20:2n-6), eikosatrienoik asit (20:3n-6), arakidonik asit (20:4n-6, AA), eikosapentaenoik asit (20:5n-3, EPA), dokosapentaenoik asit (22:5n-3) ve dokosaheksaenoik asitler (22:6n-3, DHA) tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, ?DYA (Total Doymuş Yağ Asitleri), ?TDYA (Total Tekli Doymamış Yağ Asitleri) ve ?ÇDYA (Total Çoklu Doymamış Yağ Asitleri) düzeylerinin, aynı balık türünün dokuları ve mevsime bağlı olarak değiştiği belirlenmiştir. C. umbla’nın dokularından özütlenen total lipitlerinde ?DYA oranı % 24.19-36.58, ?TDYA % 24.33-41.25 arasında değişmiştir. Dokuların total lipitinde ?ÇDYA yüzdesi, % 26.86-48.88 arasında bulunmuştur. C. regium dokularının total lipitinde ?DYA % 26.03-35.94, ?TDYA % 18.02-38.08 ve ?ÇDYA % 33.65-51.86 aralığındaydı. C. regium’un gonatlarındaki total lipitin ?TDYA yüzdeleri, kas ve karaciğer dokularından daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Tüm mevsimlerde C. umbla ve C. regium dokularındaki total lipitlerde DYA içinde temel bileşen 16:0 (% 16.58-24.25), TDYA içinde 16:1n-7 (% 6.15-20.88) ve 18:1n-9 (% 9.0220.54), ÇDYA içinde EPA (% 3.38-23.63) ve DHA (% 3.62-26.34) olmuştur. Balıkların dokularında baskın yağ asitlerinin oranları; üreme zamanı, sıcaklık ve mevsime bağlı olarak değişmiştir. Tüm mevsimlerde, C. umbla ve C. regium doku lipitlerindeki total lipit, fosfolipit (PL) ve triaçilgliserol (TAG) fraksiyonlarındaki ?DYA, ?TDYA ve ?ÇDYA dağılımları farklı bulunmuştur. Triaçilgliserol, fosfolipite oranla daha az oranda ?ÇDYA (C. umbla gonatları hariç), daha fazla oranda ?TDYA içermiştir. C. umbla ve C. regium her iki eşeyinin total lipitlerinde n-3/n-6 oranı; kasta 5.57-10.81 (C. umbla), 5.98-11.07 (C. regium); karaciğerde 6.13-12.06 (C. umbla), 4.58-7.80 (C. regium); gonatlarda 4.12-10.79 (C. umbla), 4.39-8.82 (C. regium) aralığında tespit edilmiştir. Balıkların dokularındaki TAG ve PL yağ asiti kompozisyonları farklı bulunmuştur. Triaçilgliseroller; yüksek oranda ?TDYA, 14:0, 16:1n-7, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6 ve 18:3n-3; fosfolipitler ise yüksek miktarda 20:3n-6, AA, DHA ve ? DYA’lar içinde 18:0 içermiştir. Bu çalışmada, C. umbla ve C. regium’un değişik dokularında PC, PE, PS ve PI gibi fosfolipit altsınıflarının yağ asiti içeriklerinin mevsimsel dağılımı belirlenmiştir. Dokulardaki temel fosfolipitler PC, PE, PI ve PS olarak belirlenmiştir. Kantitatif yağ asiti içeriklerinin PL altsınıfları arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. C. umbla ve C. regium dokularında TAG ve PL altsınıflarının yağ asiti içerikleri farklıydı. Miristik asit, 16:1n-7, 18:1n-9, ?TDYA, 18:2n-6 ve 18:3n-3 yüzdeleri TAG’de, PL altsınıflarında belirlenen değerlere oranla daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. C. umbla ve C. regium PL altsınıflarında 16:0, 18:0, AA, DHA ve ?ÇDYA, TAG fraksiyonundan daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Munzur Nehri, Capoeta umbla, Chondrostoma regium, Mevsimsel Yağ Asiti içeriği, Fosfolipit Altsınıfları, Fosfatidilkolin, Fosfatidilinositol, Fosfatidilserin, Fosfatidiletanolamin.
In this study, the sexual and seasonal variations in total lipid and fatty acid composition of total lipid, phospholipid (PL), triacylglycerol (TAG) and phospholipid subclasses such as phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) fractions in muscle, liver and gonads of Capoeta umbla and Chondrostoma regium living in Munzur River were investigated. Fish samples have been obtained from Munzur River in three-month periods between july 2013 and april 2014. The total lipid content varied seasonally from 1.15 % to 3.30 % in female muscles, 1.35 % to 3.90 % in male muscles, 2.39 % to 12.64 % in ovary, 3.65 % to 9.43 % in testis, 4.42 % to 14.5 % in female livers, 7.44 % to 17.31 % in male livers of weight for C. umbla and C. regium. Total lipid content of muscle was found lower than other tissues. The total lipid amount in tissues of fish was influenced by reproduction period and season. Fatty acid compositions of total lipid, PL, TAG and PL subclasses (PC, PI, PS and PE) fractions have been determined in muscle, gonad and liver tissues of fish by gas chromatography using a mixture of fatty acid standards. According to the Gas Chromatography results, following saturated fatty acids: myristic acid (14:0), pentadecanoic acid (15:0) palmitic acid (16:0), heptadecanoic acid (17:0) and stearic acid (18:0) monounsaturated fatty acids: palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7), oleic acid (18:1n-9) and eicosenoic acid (20:1n-9); and polyunsaturated fatty acids: linoleic acid (18:2n-6), linolenic acid (18:3n-3), eicosadienoic acid (20:2n-6) eicosatrienoic acid (20:3n-6), arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were determined in tissues of both fish species. The present study revealed that ?SFA (Saturated Fatty Acids), ?MUFA (Mono unsaturated Fatty Acids) and ?PUFA (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids) levels varied among seasons and tissues of the same fish species. The ?SFA and ?MUFA percentages of the total lipid extracted from tissues of C.umbla ranged from 24.19 % to 36.58 % and from 24.33 % to 41.25 %, respectively. The ?PUFA percentages of the total lipid in tissues was found from 26.86 % to 48.88 %. The ?SFA sranged between 26.03-35.94 %, whereas ?MUFAs 18.0238.08 % and 33.65-51.86 % ?PUFAs for tissues total lipids of C. regium. Generally, ?MUFA percentages of the total lipid in gonads of C. regium were found higher than muscles and livers. The main constituents were 16:0 (16.58-24.25 %) among SFAs, 16:1n-7 (6.15-20.88 %) and 18:1n-9 (9.02-20.54 %) among MUFAs, EPA (3.38-23.63 %) and DHA (3.62-26.34 %) among PUFAs in the total lipid extracted from tissues of C. umbla and C. regium all seasons. The proportions of major fatty acids in tissues of fish varied depending on reproduction period, temperature and season. The distributions of ?SFA, ?MUFA and ?PUFA proportions were found different among total lipid, PL and TAG fractions from lipids in tissues of C. umbla and C. regium all seasons. Triacylglycerol contained a lower proportion of ?PUFA (except gonads of C. umbla) and a higher proportion of ?MUFA than PL. The n-3/n-6 ratio was determined to range from 5.57-10.81 (C. umbla), 5.98-11.07 (C. regium) for dorsal muscle; 6.13-12.06 (C. umbla), 4.58-7.80 (C. regium) for liver and 4.1210.79 (C. umbla), 4.39-8.82 (C. regium) for gonads in total lipids in both sexes of C. umbla and C. regium. Triacylglycerol and PL fatty acid compositions in tissues of fish were found different. Triacylglycerols were characterized by a high content of ?MUFA, 14:0, 16:1n-7, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3; whereas phospholipids contained a large quantity of 20:3n-6, AA, DHA and 18:0 and among SFAs. In this study, seasonal variations of fatty acid compositions of phospholipid subclasses such as PC, PE, PI and PS in various tissues of C. umbla and C. regium were also determined. The predominant phospholipids in the tissues were PC, PE, PI and PS. It was found that quantitative fatty acid compositions varied among PL subclasses. Furthermore, The fatty acid contents of TAG and PL subclasses in tissues of C. umbla and C. regium were different. Myristic acid, 16:1n-7, 18:1n-9, ?MUFA, 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 levels were higher in the TAG than determined for the PL subclasses. Phospholipid subclasses in C. umbla and C. regium had higher 16:0, 18:0, AA, DHA and ?PUFA percentages than TAG fraction. Key words: Munzur River, Capoeta umbla, Chondrostoma regium, Seasonal Fatty Acid Composition, Phospholipid subclasses, Phosphatidylcholine, Phosphatidylinositol, Phosphatidylserine, Phosphatidylethanolamine.
In this study, the sexual and seasonal variations in total lipid and fatty acid composition of total lipid, phospholipid (PL), triacylglycerol (TAG) and phospholipid subclasses such as phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) fractions in muscle, liver and gonads of Capoeta umbla and Chondrostoma regium living in Munzur River were investigated. Fish samples have been obtained from Munzur River in three-month periods between july 2013 and april 2014. The total lipid content varied seasonally from 1.15 % to 3.30 % in female muscles, 1.35 % to 3.90 % in male muscles, 2.39 % to 12.64 % in ovary, 3.65 % to 9.43 % in testis, 4.42 % to 14.5 % in female livers, 7.44 % to 17.31 % in male livers of weight for C. umbla and C. regium. Total lipid content of muscle was found lower than other tissues. The total lipid amount in tissues of fish was influenced by reproduction period and season. Fatty acid compositions of total lipid, PL, TAG and PL subclasses (PC, PI, PS and PE) fractions have been determined in muscle, gonad and liver tissues of fish by gas chromatography using a mixture of fatty acid standards. According to the Gas Chromatography results, following saturated fatty acids: myristic acid (14:0), pentadecanoic acid (15:0) palmitic acid (16:0), heptadecanoic acid (17:0) and stearic acid (18:0) monounsaturated fatty acids: palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7), oleic acid (18:1n-9) and eicosenoic acid (20:1n-9); and polyunsaturated fatty acids: linoleic acid (18:2n-6), linolenic acid (18:3n-3), eicosadienoic acid (20:2n-6) eicosatrienoic acid (20:3n-6), arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were determined in tissues of both fish species. The present study revealed that ?SFA (Saturated Fatty Acids), ?MUFA (Mono unsaturated Fatty Acids) and ?PUFA (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids) levels varied among seasons and tissues of the same fish species. The ?SFA and ?MUFA percentages of the total lipid extracted from tissues of C.umbla ranged from 24.19 % to 36.58 % and from 24.33 % to 41.25 %, respectively. The ?PUFA percentages of the total lipid in tissues was found from 26.86 % to 48.88 %. The ?SFA sranged between 26.03-35.94 %, whereas ?MUFAs 18.0238.08 % and 33.65-51.86 % ?PUFAs for tissues total lipids of C. regium. Generally, ?MUFA percentages of the total lipid in gonads of C. regium were found higher than muscles and livers. The main constituents were 16:0 (16.58-24.25 %) among SFAs, 16:1n-7 (6.15-20.88 %) and 18:1n-9 (9.02-20.54 %) among MUFAs, EPA (3.38-23.63 %) and DHA (3.62-26.34 %) among PUFAs in the total lipid extracted from tissues of C. umbla and C. regium all seasons. The proportions of major fatty acids in tissues of fish varied depending on reproduction period, temperature and season. The distributions of ?SFA, ?MUFA and ?PUFA proportions were found different among total lipid, PL and TAG fractions from lipids in tissues of C. umbla and C. regium all seasons. Triacylglycerol contained a lower proportion of ?PUFA (except gonads of C. umbla) and a higher proportion of ?MUFA than PL. The n-3/n-6 ratio was determined to range from 5.57-10.81 (C. umbla), 5.98-11.07 (C. regium) for dorsal muscle; 6.13-12.06 (C. umbla), 4.58-7.80 (C. regium) for liver and 4.1210.79 (C. umbla), 4.39-8.82 (C. regium) for gonads in total lipids in both sexes of C. umbla and C. regium. Triacylglycerol and PL fatty acid compositions in tissues of fish were found different. Triacylglycerols were characterized by a high content of ?MUFA, 14:0, 16:1n-7, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3; whereas phospholipids contained a large quantity of 20:3n-6, AA, DHA and 18:0 and among SFAs. In this study, seasonal variations of fatty acid compositions of phospholipid subclasses such as PC, PE, PI and PS in various tissues of C. umbla and C. regium were also determined. The predominant phospholipids in the tissues were PC, PE, PI and PS. It was found that quantitative fatty acid compositions varied among PL subclasses. Furthermore, The fatty acid contents of TAG and PL subclasses in tissues of C. umbla and C. regium were different. Myristic acid, 16:1n-7, 18:1n-9, ?MUFA, 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 levels were higher in the TAG than determined for the PL subclasses. Phospholipid subclasses in C. umbla and C. regium had higher 16:0, 18:0, AA, DHA and ?PUFA percentages than TAG fraction. Key words: Munzur River, Capoeta umbla, Chondrostoma regium, Seasonal Fatty Acid Composition, Phospholipid subclasses, Phosphatidylcholine, Phosphatidylinositol, Phosphatidylserine, Phosphatidylethanolamine.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Munzur nehri, Capoeta umbla, Chondrostoma regium, Mevsimsel yağ asiti içeriği, Fosfolipit altsınıfları, Fosfatidilkolin, Fosfatidilinositol, Fosfatidilserin, Fosfatidiletanolamin, Munzur river, Capoeta umbla, Chondrostoma regium, Seasonal fatty acid composition, Phospholipid subclasses, Phosphatidylcholine, Phosphatidylinositol, Phosphatidylserine, Phosphatidylethanolamine
