Çeşitli pestisitlere maruz kalan Oreochromis niloticus'un karaciğer ve solungaç dokularının yağ asidi içeriklerindeki değişiklikler
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Tarih
2018
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Dicle Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu araştırmada, organofosfat grubundan olan Diazinon, karbamat grubundan olan Carbaryl, triazin grubundan olan Atrazin ve pyrethroid grubundan olan Lambda cyhalothrin'nin subletal konsantrasyonlarına 7, 14 ve 21 gün boyunca maruz bırakılan Oreochromis niloticus'un karaciğer ve solungaç dokularındaki total, fosfolipid (PL) ve triaçilgliserol (TAG) yağ asidi fraksiyonundaki meydana gelebilecek değişikliklerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Pestisitler, özelllikle tarımsal üretimi olumsuz etkileyen zararlılarla mücadele başta olmak üzere birçok alanda yaygın olarak kullanılan kimyasal bileşikler veya biyolojik ajanlardır. Her ne kadar bu maddelerin kullanılmasının bir takım faydaları bulunsa da çeşitli yollarla doğal ortamlara ulaşarak, insanlar ve diğer canlılar için potansiyel toksisiteleri nedeniyle ekolojik bazı sorunlar da oluşturabilirler. Bu bileşiklerin kimyasal stabilitesi ve geniş kullanımı, doğal sularda ciddi derecede kontaminasyona neden olmuştur. Bu nedenle doğal ortamlara bulaşan bu kirleticilerin, bu ortamlarda yaşayan organizmalar üzerinde ne tür toksikolojik etkiler meydana getirebileceğini bilmemiz önem arz etmektedir. Pestisitlerin organizmalar üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesinde farklı metotlar kullanılmaktadır. Bu metotlar arasında en iyi netice veren, ortam şartlarına benzer koşullarda uygulanan toksikolojik deneyler başta gelmektedir. Pestisitlerin ekosistemlerde neden olduğu ekotoksikolojik risklerin değerlendirilmesi; pestisitlerin hedef olmayan organizmalara olan toksisitesi ve etkileri üzerine olan verilere dayanmaktadır. Elde edilen veriler analiz edilir ve pestisitlerin organizmalar üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri belirlenir. Böylece bu olumsuz etkilere karşı gerekli tedbirler alınabilir. Balıklar, sudaki kontaminasyonun iyi bir göstergesidir, çünkü biyokimyasal stres tepkileri memelilerde olanlara oldukça benzerdir. Toksikolojik araştırmalar; çok düşük konsantrasyonlarda mevcut olan kirleticilerin günler ya da haftalar sonra ortaya çıkan su ortamının potansiyel kirlilik durumlarından kaynaklanan metabolik bozulmaların teşhis edilmesinde biyolojik açıdan etkili bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Akuatik organizmalar, bulundukları ortam ile denge içerisinde olduklarından verilen toksikolojik yanıtlar, çevresel kirlenmeyi belirlemek için oldukça hassastırlar. Organizmada meydana gelen biyokimyasal etkiler ile popülasyonda meydana gelen etkiler arasında önemli bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Çalışmamızda balıklar, Diazinon, Carbaryl, Atrazin ve Lambda cyhalothrin'nin subletal derişimlerine 21 gün süresince maruz bırakılmış ve Oreochromis niloticus'un karaciğer ve solungaç dokularındaki total, fosfolipid (PL) ve triaçilgliserol (TAG) yağ asidi fraksiyonundaki meydana gelen değişiklikler Gaz Kromatografisiyle (GC) incelenmiştir. Uygulanan pestisitler kontrol balıklar ile karşılaştırıldığında total doymuş, n-9, n-6, n-3 yağ asit yüzdelerinde değişik oranlarda ve değişik günlerde farklılıklara sebep olmuştur. Gaz kromatografisi sonuçlarına göre; O. niloticus'un karaciğer ve solungaç dokularında doymuş yağ asitlerinden miristik asit (14:0), pentadekanoik asit (15:0), palmitik asit (16:0), heptadekanoik asit (17:0) ve stearik asit (18:0); tekli doymamış yağ asitlerinden palmitoleik asit (16:1(n-7)), oleik asit (18:1(n-9)) ve eikosenoik asit (20:1(n-9)); aşırı doymamış yağ asitlerinden linoleik asit (18:2(n-6)), linolenik asit (18:3(n-3)), eikosadienoik asit (20:2(n-6)), eikosatrienoik asit (20:3(n-6)), arakidonik asit (20:4(n-6), AA), eikosapentaenoik asit (20:5(n-3), EPA), dokosapentaenoik asit (22:5(n-3)) ve dokosaheksaenoik asitler (22:6(n-3), DHA) tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, SFA (Saturated Fatty Acids: Doymuş Yağ Asitleri), MUFA (Monounsaturated Fatty Acids: Tekli Doymamış Yağ Asitleri) ve PUFA (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Aşırı Doymamış Yağ Asitleri) yüzdelerinin, aynı balık türünün farklı dokuları ve farklı pestisit maruziyetine bağlı olarak değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Kontrol balığının karaciğer dokusundaki total yağ asitleri incelendiğinde, en önemli yağ asitleri SFA'dan C16:0, C18:0; MUFA'dan C18:1; PUFA'dan C18:2(n-6) ve C22:6(n-3) olarak bulunmuştur. Pestisit uyguladığımız balıklarda en fazla değişiklik gösteren yağ asitleri Carbaryl uygulananda C16:0, C18:1, C18:2n-6, ve C22:6(n-3); Diazinon uygulananda C18:1 ve C22:6(n-3); Lamda cyhalothrin uygulananda C18:1, C18:2(n-6) ve C22:6(n-3); Atrazin uygulananda ise C16:0 ve C18:2(n-6)'dır. Kontrol balığının Solungaç dokusundaki total yağ asitleri incelendiğinde, en önemli yağ asitleri SFA'dan C16:0, C18:0; MUFA'dan C18:1; PUFA'dan C18:2(n-6), C18:3(n-3) ve C22:6(n-3) olarak bulunmuştur. Carbaryl'e maruz kalan balıklarda C18:0, C18:2(n-6) ve C22:6(n-3); Diazinon'na maruz kalan balıklarda C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 ve C18:3(n-3); Lamda cyhalothrin'e maruz kalan balıklarda C16:0, C18:0 ve C18:3(n-3); Atrazin'e maruz kalan balıklarda ise C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2(n-6) ve C18:3(n-3) yağ asitlerinde önemli değişiklikler tespit edilmiştir. Kontrol balığının karaciğer dokusundaki fosfolipidlerde ki (PL) yağ asitleri incelendiğinde, en önemli yağ asitleri SFA'dan C16:0, C18:0; MUFA'dan C18:1; PUFA'dan C18:2(n-6), C20:4(n-6) ve C22:6(n-3) olarak bulunmuştur. Pestisit uyguladığımız balıklarda en fazla değişiklik gösteren yağ asitleri ise Carbaryl uygulanan grupta C16:0, C18:0 ve C22:6(n-3); Diazinon uygulanan grupta C18:1 ve C22:6(n-3); Lamda cyhalothrin uygulanan grupta C18:1 ve C22:6n-3; Atrazin uygulanan grupta ise C16:0, C18:2(n-6) ve C22:6(n-3) olarak bulunmuştur. Kontrol balığının solungaç dokusundaki fosfolipidlerde (PL) bulunan yağ asitleri incelendiğinde, en önemli yağ asitleri SFA'dan C16:0, C18:0; MUFA'dan C18:1; PUFA'dan C18:2(n-6), C20:4(n-6) ve C22:6(n-3) olarak bulunmuştur. Carbaryl'e maruz kalan balıklarda C16:0, C18:0, C18:2(n-6), C20:4(n-6) ve C22:6(n-3); Diazinon'a maruz kalan balıklarda C22:6(n-3); Lamda cyhalothrin'e maruz kalan balıklarda C18:0 ve C22:6(n-3); Atrazin'e maruz kalan balıklarda ise C18:2(n-6) ve C22:6(n-3) yağ asitlerinde önemli değişiklikler tespit edilmiştir. Kontrol balığının karaciğer dokusundaki triaçilgliserollerde (TAG) bulunan yağ asitleri incelendiğinde, en önemli yağ asitleri SFA'dan C16:0, C18:0; MUFA'dan C16:1, C18:1; PUFA'dan C18:2(n-6) ve C20:4(n-6) olarak bulunmuştur. Pestisit uyguladığımız balıklarda en fazla değişiklik gösteren yağ asitleri ise Carbaryl uygulananda C16:0, C18:1 ve C22:6(n-3); Diazinon uygulananda C16:0, C18:1 ve C22:6n-3; Lamda cyhalothrin uygulananda C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 ve C22:6(n-3); Atrazin uygulananda ise C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 ve C18:2(n-6) olarak bulunmuştur. Kontrol balığının solungaç dokusundaki triaçilgliserollerde (TAG) bulunan yağ asitleri incelendiğinde, en önemli yağ asitleri SFA'dan C16:0, C18:0, MUFA'dan C16:1, C18:1, C20:1; PUFA'dan C18:2(n-6) ve C22:6(n-3) olarak bulunmuştur. Carbaryl'e maruz kalan balıklarda C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 ve C18:2(n-6); Diazinon'a maruz kalan balıklarda C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 ve C18:2(n-6); Lamda cyhalothrin'e maruz kalan balıklarda C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 ve C18:2(n-6); Atrazin'e maruz kalan balıklarda ise C18:1 ve C18:2(n-6) yağ asitlerinde önemli değişiklikler tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda pestisitlerin subletal etkisine maruz kalan O. niloticus'un, karaciğer ve solungaç dokularındaki total, fosfolipid (PL) ve triaçilgliserol (TAG)'lerindeki yağ asidi yüzdelerinde kontroller ile karşılaştırmada düzensiz azalma ve artmalar saptanmıştır. Yaptığımız araştırmalardan, organoklorlu, organofosforlu, pyretroid ve karbamat pestisitlerine maruz kalma ve süreye bağlı olarak total, fosfolipid (PL) ve triaçilgliserol (TAG)'lerdeki yağ asidi fraksiyonu üzerinde, hemen hemen benzer etkiler gözlendiği ve bu pestisitlerin, yağ asitlerinin desatürasyon ve elongasyon yollarını etkileyerek değişikliğe sebep olduğu sonucu çıkarılmıştır. Canlıların hücre ve organel membranlarının başlıca bileşeni olan yağ asitlerinin, membran enzim reaksiyonu tarafından etkilenmesi önemli bir husustur.
In this study, it was aimed to investigate changes that can occur in total, phospholipid (PL) and triacylglycerol (TAG) fatty acid fraction in the liver and gill tissues of Oreochromis niloticus exposed to the sublethal concentrations of Diazinon from the group of organophosphate, Carbaryl from the group of the carbamate, Atrazine from the triazine group and Lambda cyhalothrin from the pyrethroid group for 7, 14 and 21 days. Pesticides are widely used chemical compounds or biological agents in many areas, especially in the fight against harmful effects that adversely affect agricultural production. Although the use of these substances has several benefits, they can also lead to ecological problems due to potential toxicity to humans and other living things by reaching the natural environment in various ways. The chemical stability and widespread use of these compounds have caused serious contamination in natural waters. Therefore, it is important to know that these pollutants transmitted to the natural environment can bring about what kind of toxicological effects on the organisms living in these environments. Different methods are used to investigate the effects of pesticides on organisms. Among these methods, the toxicological tests applied to the conditions which are similar to the environmental conditions and giving the best results are leading one. Assessing the ecotoxicological risks of pesticides in ecosystems is based on data for the toxicity and effects of non-target organisms of pesticides. The obtained data are analyzed and the adverse effects of the pesticides on the organisms are determined. Thus, necessary measures can be taken against these adverse effects. Fish are a good indicator of water contamination, because the biochemical stress response is very similar to that in mammals. Toxicological investigations are used in a biologically effective way to diagnose metabolic impairments caused by potential pollution conditions of the water environment that occur due to very low concentrations of pollutants that appear days or weeks later. Toxicological responses are highly susceptible to determine environmental contamination, since aquatic organisms are in balance with the environment in which they are present. There is a significant relationship between the biochemical effects that occur in the organism and those that occur in the population. In our study, fish were exposed to subletal concentrations of Diazinon, Carbaryl, Atrazine and Lambda cyhalothrin for 21 days and changes in the total, phospholipid (PL) and triacylglycerol (TAG) fatty acid fractions in the liver and gill tissues of Oreochromis niloticus were investigated by Gas Chromatography (GC). When compared with control fish, the applied pesticides caused different percentages of total saturated, n-9, n-6, n-3 fatty acids and on different days. According to the results of gas chromatography, out of saturated fatty acid, myristic acid (14:0), pentadecanoic acid (15:0), palmitic acid (16:0), heptadecanoic acid (17:0) and stearic acid (18:0); out of monounsaturated fatty acids, palmitoleic acid (16:1(n-7)), oleic acid (18:1(n-9)) and eicosenoic acid (20:1(n-9)); out of polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid (18:2(n-6)), linolenic acid (18:3(n-3)), eicosadienoic acid (20:2(n-6)), eicosatrienoic acid (20:3(n-6)), arakidonic acid (20:4(n-6), AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5(n-3), EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5(n-3)) and docosahexaenoic acids (22:6(n-3), DHA) were determined in the liver and gill tissues of O. niloticus. In the present study, percents of SFA (Saturated Fatty Acids), MUFA (Monounsaturated Fatty Acids) and PUFA (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids) varied depending on different tissues and different pesticide exposures of the same fish species. When the total fatty acids in the liver tissue of the control fish are considered, the most important fatty acids were found to be C16:0 and C18:0 from SFA; C18:1 from MUFA; C18:2(n-6) and C22:6(n-3) from PUFA. The most variable fatty acids in pesticide-applied fish were C16:0, C18:1, C18:2(n-6) and C22:6(n-3) on which Carbaryl was applied; C18:1 and C22:6(n-3) on which Diazinon was applied; C18:1, C18:2(n-6) and C22:6(n-3) on which Lamda cyhalothrin was applied, and C16:0 and C18:2(n-6) on which Atrazin was applied. When the total fatty acids in the gill tissue of the control fish are considered, the most important fatty acids were found as C16:0 and C18:0 from SFA; C18:1 from MUFA; C18:2(n-6), C18:3(n-3) and C22:6(n-3) from PUFA. There were significant changes in fatty acids in fish such as C18:0, C18:2(n-6) ve C22:6(n-3) in fish exposed to Carbaryl; C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 and C18:3(n-3) in fish exposed to Diazinon; C16:0, C18:0 and C18:3(n-3) in fish exposed to Lamda cyhalothrin; C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2(n-6) ve C18:3(n-3) in fish exposed to Atrazin. When the fatty acids in the phospholipids (PL) in the liver tissue of the control fish are considered, the most significant fatty acids were found to be C16:0 and C18:0 from SFA; C18:1 from MUFA; C18:2(n-6), C20:4(n-6) and C22:6(n-3) from PUFA. The most variable fatty acids in pesticide-applied fish were C16:0, C18:0 and C22:6(n-3) in the group on which Carbaryl was applied, C18:1 and C22:6(n-3) in the group on which Diazinon was applied, C18:1 and C22:6(n-3) in the group on which Lamda cyhalothrin was applied, and C16:0, C18:2(n-6) and C22:6(n-3) in the group on which Atrazin was applied. When fatty acids found in the phospholipids (PL) in the gill tissue of the control fish are considered, it was found that the most significant fatty acids were C16:0 and C18:0 from SFA; C18:1 from MUFA; C18:2(n-6), C20:4(n-6) and C22:6(n-3) from PUFA. There were significant changes in C16:0, C18:0, C18:2(n-6), C20:4(n-6) and C22:6(n-3) fatty acids in fish exposed to Carbaryl; C22:6(n-3) in fish exposed to Diazinon; C18:0 and C22:6(n-3) in fish exposed to Lamda cyhalothrin; C18:2(n-6) and C22:6(n-3) in fish exposed to Atrazin. When the fatty acids found in the triacylglycerols (TAG) in the liver tissue of the control fish were considered, the most significant fatty acids were C16:0 and C18:0 from SFA; C16:1 and C18:1 from MUFA; C18:2(n-6) and C20:4(n-6) from PUFA. The most variable fatty acids in pesticide-applied fish were C16:0, C18:1 and C22:6(n-3) in the one on which Carbaryl was applied; C16:0, C18:1 and C22:6(n-3) in the fish on which Diazinon was applied; C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 and C22:6(n-3) in the fish on which Lamda cyhalothrin was applied; C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 ve C18:2(n-6) in the fish on which Atrazin was applied. When the fatty acids found in the triacylglycerols (TAG) in the gill tissue of the control fish were considered, the most significant fatty acids were found to be C16:0 and C18:0 from SFA; C16:1, C18:1 and C20:1 from MUFA; C18:2(n-6) and C22:6(n-3) from PUFA. There were significant changes in fatty acids in fish such as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 and C18:2(n-6) fatty acids in fish exposed to Carbaryl; C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 and C18:2(n-6) in fish exposed to Diazinon; C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 and C18:2(n-6) in fish exposed to Lamda cyhalothrin; C18:1 and C18:2(n-6) in fish exposed to Atrazin. As a result of the study, it was determined that there were irregular decrease and increase in fatty acid percentage of total, phospholipid (PL) and triacylglycerol (TAG) in the liver and gill tissues of O. niloticus exposed to the sublethal effect of pesticides compared to those of the controls. Our studies have shown that almost similar effects are observed on total, phospholipid (PL) and triacylglycerol (TAG) fatty acid fraction due to exposure and duration to organochlorine, organophosphorus, pyrethroid and carbamate pesticides, and that these pesticides affect the desaturation and elongation pathways of the fatty acids which, in turn, cause changes. It is an important point that fatty acids, which are the main component of living cell and organelle membranes, are affected by the membrane enzyme reaction.
In this study, it was aimed to investigate changes that can occur in total, phospholipid (PL) and triacylglycerol (TAG) fatty acid fraction in the liver and gill tissues of Oreochromis niloticus exposed to the sublethal concentrations of Diazinon from the group of organophosphate, Carbaryl from the group of the carbamate, Atrazine from the triazine group and Lambda cyhalothrin from the pyrethroid group for 7, 14 and 21 days. Pesticides are widely used chemical compounds or biological agents in many areas, especially in the fight against harmful effects that adversely affect agricultural production. Although the use of these substances has several benefits, they can also lead to ecological problems due to potential toxicity to humans and other living things by reaching the natural environment in various ways. The chemical stability and widespread use of these compounds have caused serious contamination in natural waters. Therefore, it is important to know that these pollutants transmitted to the natural environment can bring about what kind of toxicological effects on the organisms living in these environments. Different methods are used to investigate the effects of pesticides on organisms. Among these methods, the toxicological tests applied to the conditions which are similar to the environmental conditions and giving the best results are leading one. Assessing the ecotoxicological risks of pesticides in ecosystems is based on data for the toxicity and effects of non-target organisms of pesticides. The obtained data are analyzed and the adverse effects of the pesticides on the organisms are determined. Thus, necessary measures can be taken against these adverse effects. Fish are a good indicator of water contamination, because the biochemical stress response is very similar to that in mammals. Toxicological investigations are used in a biologically effective way to diagnose metabolic impairments caused by potential pollution conditions of the water environment that occur due to very low concentrations of pollutants that appear days or weeks later. Toxicological responses are highly susceptible to determine environmental contamination, since aquatic organisms are in balance with the environment in which they are present. There is a significant relationship between the biochemical effects that occur in the organism and those that occur in the population. In our study, fish were exposed to subletal concentrations of Diazinon, Carbaryl, Atrazine and Lambda cyhalothrin for 21 days and changes in the total, phospholipid (PL) and triacylglycerol (TAG) fatty acid fractions in the liver and gill tissues of Oreochromis niloticus were investigated by Gas Chromatography (GC). When compared with control fish, the applied pesticides caused different percentages of total saturated, n-9, n-6, n-3 fatty acids and on different days. According to the results of gas chromatography, out of saturated fatty acid, myristic acid (14:0), pentadecanoic acid (15:0), palmitic acid (16:0), heptadecanoic acid (17:0) and stearic acid (18:0); out of monounsaturated fatty acids, palmitoleic acid (16:1(n-7)), oleic acid (18:1(n-9)) and eicosenoic acid (20:1(n-9)); out of polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid (18:2(n-6)), linolenic acid (18:3(n-3)), eicosadienoic acid (20:2(n-6)), eicosatrienoic acid (20:3(n-6)), arakidonic acid (20:4(n-6), AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5(n-3), EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5(n-3)) and docosahexaenoic acids (22:6(n-3), DHA) were determined in the liver and gill tissues of O. niloticus. In the present study, percents of SFA (Saturated Fatty Acids), MUFA (Monounsaturated Fatty Acids) and PUFA (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids) varied depending on different tissues and different pesticide exposures of the same fish species. When the total fatty acids in the liver tissue of the control fish are considered, the most important fatty acids were found to be C16:0 and C18:0 from SFA; C18:1 from MUFA; C18:2(n-6) and C22:6(n-3) from PUFA. The most variable fatty acids in pesticide-applied fish were C16:0, C18:1, C18:2(n-6) and C22:6(n-3) on which Carbaryl was applied; C18:1 and C22:6(n-3) on which Diazinon was applied; C18:1, C18:2(n-6) and C22:6(n-3) on which Lamda cyhalothrin was applied, and C16:0 and C18:2(n-6) on which Atrazin was applied. When the total fatty acids in the gill tissue of the control fish are considered, the most important fatty acids were found as C16:0 and C18:0 from SFA; C18:1 from MUFA; C18:2(n-6), C18:3(n-3) and C22:6(n-3) from PUFA. There were significant changes in fatty acids in fish such as C18:0, C18:2(n-6) ve C22:6(n-3) in fish exposed to Carbaryl; C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 and C18:3(n-3) in fish exposed to Diazinon; C16:0, C18:0 and C18:3(n-3) in fish exposed to Lamda cyhalothrin; C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2(n-6) ve C18:3(n-3) in fish exposed to Atrazin. When the fatty acids in the phospholipids (PL) in the liver tissue of the control fish are considered, the most significant fatty acids were found to be C16:0 and C18:0 from SFA; C18:1 from MUFA; C18:2(n-6), C20:4(n-6) and C22:6(n-3) from PUFA. The most variable fatty acids in pesticide-applied fish were C16:0, C18:0 and C22:6(n-3) in the group on which Carbaryl was applied, C18:1 and C22:6(n-3) in the group on which Diazinon was applied, C18:1 and C22:6(n-3) in the group on which Lamda cyhalothrin was applied, and C16:0, C18:2(n-6) and C22:6(n-3) in the group on which Atrazin was applied. When fatty acids found in the phospholipids (PL) in the gill tissue of the control fish are considered, it was found that the most significant fatty acids were C16:0 and C18:0 from SFA; C18:1 from MUFA; C18:2(n-6), C20:4(n-6) and C22:6(n-3) from PUFA. There were significant changes in C16:0, C18:0, C18:2(n-6), C20:4(n-6) and C22:6(n-3) fatty acids in fish exposed to Carbaryl; C22:6(n-3) in fish exposed to Diazinon; C18:0 and C22:6(n-3) in fish exposed to Lamda cyhalothrin; C18:2(n-6) and C22:6(n-3) in fish exposed to Atrazin. When the fatty acids found in the triacylglycerols (TAG) in the liver tissue of the control fish were considered, the most significant fatty acids were C16:0 and C18:0 from SFA; C16:1 and C18:1 from MUFA; C18:2(n-6) and C20:4(n-6) from PUFA. The most variable fatty acids in pesticide-applied fish were C16:0, C18:1 and C22:6(n-3) in the one on which Carbaryl was applied; C16:0, C18:1 and C22:6(n-3) in the fish on which Diazinon was applied; C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 and C22:6(n-3) in the fish on which Lamda cyhalothrin was applied; C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 ve C18:2(n-6) in the fish on which Atrazin was applied. When the fatty acids found in the triacylglycerols (TAG) in the gill tissue of the control fish were considered, the most significant fatty acids were found to be C16:0 and C18:0 from SFA; C16:1, C18:1 and C20:1 from MUFA; C18:2(n-6) and C22:6(n-3) from PUFA. There were significant changes in fatty acids in fish such as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 and C18:2(n-6) fatty acids in fish exposed to Carbaryl; C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 and C18:2(n-6) in fish exposed to Diazinon; C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 and C18:2(n-6) in fish exposed to Lamda cyhalothrin; C18:1 and C18:2(n-6) in fish exposed to Atrazin. As a result of the study, it was determined that there were irregular decrease and increase in fatty acid percentage of total, phospholipid (PL) and triacylglycerol (TAG) in the liver and gill tissues of O. niloticus exposed to the sublethal effect of pesticides compared to those of the controls. Our studies have shown that almost similar effects are observed on total, phospholipid (PL) and triacylglycerol (TAG) fatty acid fraction due to exposure and duration to organochlorine, organophosphorus, pyrethroid and carbamate pesticides, and that these pesticides affect the desaturation and elongation pathways of the fatty acids which, in turn, cause changes. It is an important point that fatty acids, which are the main component of living cell and organelle membranes, are affected by the membrane enzyme reaction.
Açıklama
Lisansüstü tezlerin elektronik ortamda toplanması, düzenlenmesi ve erişime açılması konusuna ilişkin yök'ün 18.06.2018 tarihli yönergesine istinaden artık bu tarihten sonra gizlilik şartı aranmayan bütün tezler erişime açılacaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Oreochromis niloticus, Karaciğer, Solungaç, Total lipit, Fosfolipit, Triaçilgliserol, Toksikoloji, Pestisit, Atrazin, Diazinon, Lambda-cyhalothrin, Carbaryl, Liver, Gill, Total lipid, Phospholipid, Triacylglycerol, Toxicology, Pesticide
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Yolcu, M. (2018). Çeşitli pestisitlere maruz kalan Oreochromis niloticus'un karaciğer ve solungaç dokularının yağ asidi içeriklerindeki değişiklikler. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi, Dicle Üniversitesi, Diyarbakır.
