Kabuli, desi ve yabani nohut genotiplerinin fenolojik, morfolojik ve tarımsal karakterlerinin genetik yapısının belirlenmesi üzerine bir çalışma
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Tarih
2024
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Yayıncı
Dicle Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışma 2022-2024 yılları arasında Dicle Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri deneme alanında üç yıl süreyle yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada farklı sayıdaki desi, kabuli ve yabani nohut türlerinin yarım-diallel (5 × 5) melezleme ve serbest melezleme (16 kombinasyon) ile elde edilen F1 ve F2 generasyonlarında fenolojik, morfolojik ve tarımsal özelliklerin genetik yapısı incelenmiştir. Çalışmada yarım-diallel melezlemede 3 desi (Siyah, ICCV 10 ve ILC 533) ve 2 kabuli tip ebeveyn (Azkan ve ILC 482), serbest melezlemede 6 kabuli tip (Azkan, Gökçe, ILC 482, ILC 1929, ILC 533 ve Diyar 95) ve 6 desi tip (Siyah, ICC 16207, ICCV 03107, ICCV 96029, JG 11 ve ICCV10) ve 2 yabani Cicer türü (C. echinospermum ve C. reticulatum) ebeveyn olarak kullanılmıştır. Yarım-diallel melezleme için 11 melez, serbest melezleme için 15 melez kombinasyonu oluşturulmuştur. Melezlemeler 2022 yılında gerçekleştirilmiştir. 2023 yılında F1 tohumları, 2024 yılında F2 tohumları Tesadüf Blokları Deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak ekilmiştir. Araştırmada ebeveyn ve F1 melezlerinde çıkıştan ilk çiçeğin görüldüğü gün sayısı, çiçeklenmeden baklalanmaya kadar gün sayısı, çıkıştan baklalanmaya kadar gün sayısı, gövde üzerinde ilk çiçeğin görüldüğü boğum numarası, bitki boyu, bitki başına boğum sayısı, 10 tane ağırlığı, ilk bakla yüksekliği, bitkide bakla sayısı, boğum arası uzunluk ve kalınlık, çiçek rengi, yaprak rengi, bitki büyüme alışkanlığı, yaprak ve yaprakçık uzunluğu ve genişliği, yaprak başına yaprakçık sayısı, antosiyanin pigmentasyonu, kırmızımsı gövde özellikleri incelenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler yarım diallel, heterosis, heterobeltoisis, potans oranı ve ki kare testleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. F1 ve F2 generasyonlarında incelenen özelliklerde dominant gen etkileri varyansı (H) eklemeli gen etkileri varyansından (D) büyüktür. 10 tohum ağırlığı hariç incelenen tüm karakterlerde etkili gen sayıları tespit edilememiş, 10 tohum ağırlığının 2 gen tarafından kontrol edildiği saptanmıştır. Dar anlamda kalıtım derecesi (hd) ilk çiçeklenme gün sayısı, bakla sayısı (0,67), bitki boyu (0,85) ve 10 tohum ağırlığı (0,82) özelliklerinde yüksek bulunmuştur. F1 genereasyonunda GUY/ÖUY oranı bitki boyu, bitki başına boğum sayısı, yaprakta yaprakçık sayısı hariç, F2 generasyonunda bakla sayısı, yaprakta yaprakçık sayısı hariç tüm özelliklerde eklemeli gen etkisi varyansı dominant gen etkisi varyansından büyük bulunmuştur. F1 ve F2 generasyonunda Azkan ebeveyni en iyi ebeveyn olup en iyi melez kombinasyonlar ise incelenen özelliklere göre farklılık göstermiştir. Serbest melezleme sonuçlarına göre; F1 generasyonunda; ilk çiçeklenme gün sayısı için Azkan (geçci) × C. reticulatum (orta erkenci) kombinasyonu en yüksek negatif heterobeltiosise sahip bulunmuştur edilmiştir. F2 generasyonunda ICCV 96029 (süper erkenci) × Azkan (geçci), ICCV 96029 (süper erkenci) × Gökçe (orta erkenci), Azkan × C. reticulatum (orta erkenci) ve Gökçe × C. reticulatum kombinasyonlarında negatif yönde heterosis saptanmıştır. Bitki boyu için maksimum negatif heterosis ve heterobeltiosis F1 generasyonunda Gökçe × C. echinospermum, F2 generasynonunda ICCV10 (kısa) × Gökçe (uzun) kombinasyonlarında tespit edilmiştir. 10 tohum ağırlığı için yüksek düzeyde pozitif heterosis ICCV96029 (küçük) × Azkan (iri) kombinasyonunda belirlenmiş olup kalıtım derecesi düşük bulunmuştur. Çiçeklenme gün sayısı kalıtımının 9 (geçci): 7 (erkenci) ve 3 (geçci): 1 (erkenci), çiçek rengi kalıtımının 3 (pembe): 1 (beyaz) birçok kombinasyonda Mendel açılımına uyduğu ve tek gen tarafından kontrol edildiği saptanmıştır.
This study was conducted for three years in the Field Crops trial area of Dicle University, Faculty of Agriculture, between 2022 and 2024. In the study, the genetic structure of phenological, morphological and agricultural traits was examined in the F1 and F2 generations obtained by half-diallel (5 × 5) hybridization and free hybridization (16 combinations) of different numbers of desi, Kabuli and wild chickpea species. In the study, 3 desi (Black, ICCV 10 and ILC 533) and 2 Kabuli type parents (Azkan and ILC 482) were used for half-diallele hybridization. For free hybridization, 6 Kabuli types (Azkan, Gökçe, ILC 482, ILC 1929, ILC 533 and Diyar 95) and 6 desi types (Black, ICC 16207, ICCV 03107, ICCV 96029, JG 11 and ICCV10) and 2 wild Cicer types (C. echinospermum and C. reticulatum) were used as parents. 11 hybrid combinations were created for half-diallele hybridization and 15 hybrid combinations for free hybridization. Crossbreeding was carried out in 2022. F1 seeds were planted in 2023 and F2 seeds in 2024. The trial was arranged according to the Randomized Blocks Trial design with 3 replications. In the research, the number of days from emergence to the first flower in parent and F1 hybrids, the number of days from flowering to pod formation, the number of days from emergence to pod formation, the number of nodes on the stem where the first flower is seen, plant height, number of nodes per plant, 10 grain weight, first pod height, seed yield per plant, number of pods per plant, internode length and thickness, flower colour, foliage colour, plant growth habit, leaf and leaflet length and width, number of leaflets per leaf, anthocyanin pigmentation, reddish stem traits were examined. Data were evaluated with half diallel, heterosis, heterobeltoisis, potency ratio and chi square tests. In the traits examined in the F1 and F2 generations, the variance of dominant gene effects (H) is greater than the variance of additive gene effects (D). Effective gene numbers could not be determined in all examined characters except 10 seed weight, and 10 seed weight was determined to be controlled by two genes. Narrow-sense heritability (hn) was high in the number of days to first flowering, number of pods per plant (0.67), plant height (0.85) and 10 seed weight (0.82). In the F1 generation, the additive gene effect variance was found to be greater than the dominant gene effect variance in all traits except the GCA/SCA ratio, plant height, number of nodes per plant, number of leaflets per leaf, and in the F2 generation, the variance of the additive gene effect was found to be greater than the variance of the dominant gene effect in all traits except the number of pods and the number of leaflets per leaf. In the F1 and F2 generations, the Azkan parent was the best parent and the best hybrid combinations differed according to the traits examined. According to the results of free hybridization; In the F1 generation, Azkan (late) × C. reticulatum (mid-early) combination showed the highest negative heterobeltiosis for the number of days to first flowering. In the F2 generation, negative heterosis was detected in the combinations of ICCV 96029 (super early) × Azkan (late), ICCV 96029 (super early) × Gökçe (medium early), Azkan × C. reticulatum (medium early) and Gökçe × C. reticulatum. Maximum negative heterosis and heterobeltiosis for plant height were detected in the combinations of Gökçe × C. echinospermum in the F1 generation and ICCV10 (short) × Gökçe (tall) in the F2 generation. High level of positive heterosis for 10 seed weight was determined in the combination of ICCV96029 (small) × Azkan (large) and the heritability was found to be low. It has been determined that the inheritance of number of flowering days, 9 (late): 7 (early) and 3 (late): 1 (early), and the inheritance of flower colour, 3 (pink): 1 (white), the goodness of fit of Mendelian in many combinations, and traits were controlled by a single gene. Keywords: Cicer sp., Diallel, Heterosis, Heterobeltiosis, Chi square.
This study was conducted for three years in the Field Crops trial area of Dicle University, Faculty of Agriculture, between 2022 and 2024. In the study, the genetic structure of phenological, morphological and agricultural traits was examined in the F1 and F2 generations obtained by half-diallel (5 × 5) hybridization and free hybridization (16 combinations) of different numbers of desi, Kabuli and wild chickpea species. In the study, 3 desi (Black, ICCV 10 and ILC 533) and 2 Kabuli type parents (Azkan and ILC 482) were used for half-diallele hybridization. For free hybridization, 6 Kabuli types (Azkan, Gökçe, ILC 482, ILC 1929, ILC 533 and Diyar 95) and 6 desi types (Black, ICC 16207, ICCV 03107, ICCV 96029, JG 11 and ICCV10) and 2 wild Cicer types (C. echinospermum and C. reticulatum) were used as parents. 11 hybrid combinations were created for half-diallele hybridization and 15 hybrid combinations for free hybridization. Crossbreeding was carried out in 2022. F1 seeds were planted in 2023 and F2 seeds in 2024. The trial was arranged according to the Randomized Blocks Trial design with 3 replications. In the research, the number of days from emergence to the first flower in parent and F1 hybrids, the number of days from flowering to pod formation, the number of days from emergence to pod formation, the number of nodes on the stem where the first flower is seen, plant height, number of nodes per plant, 10 grain weight, first pod height, seed yield per plant, number of pods per plant, internode length and thickness, flower colour, foliage colour, plant growth habit, leaf and leaflet length and width, number of leaflets per leaf, anthocyanin pigmentation, reddish stem traits were examined. Data were evaluated with half diallel, heterosis, heterobeltoisis, potency ratio and chi square tests. In the traits examined in the F1 and F2 generations, the variance of dominant gene effects (H) is greater than the variance of additive gene effects (D). Effective gene numbers could not be determined in all examined characters except 10 seed weight, and 10 seed weight was determined to be controlled by two genes. Narrow-sense heritability (hn) was high in the number of days to first flowering, number of pods per plant (0.67), plant height (0.85) and 10 seed weight (0.82). In the F1 generation, the additive gene effect variance was found to be greater than the dominant gene effect variance in all traits except the GCA/SCA ratio, plant height, number of nodes per plant, number of leaflets per leaf, and in the F2 generation, the variance of the additive gene effect was found to be greater than the variance of the dominant gene effect in all traits except the number of pods and the number of leaflets per leaf. In the F1 and F2 generations, the Azkan parent was the best parent and the best hybrid combinations differed according to the traits examined. According to the results of free hybridization; In the F1 generation, Azkan (late) × C. reticulatum (mid-early) combination showed the highest negative heterobeltiosis for the number of days to first flowering. In the F2 generation, negative heterosis was detected in the combinations of ICCV 96029 (super early) × Azkan (late), ICCV 96029 (super early) × Gökçe (medium early), Azkan × C. reticulatum (medium early) and Gökçe × C. reticulatum. Maximum negative heterosis and heterobeltiosis for plant height were detected in the combinations of Gökçe × C. echinospermum in the F1 generation and ICCV10 (short) × Gökçe (tall) in the F2 generation. High level of positive heterosis for 10 seed weight was determined in the combination of ICCV96029 (small) × Azkan (large) and the heritability was found to be low. It has been determined that the inheritance of number of flowering days, 9 (late): 7 (early) and 3 (late): 1 (early), and the inheritance of flower colour, 3 (pink): 1 (white), the goodness of fit of Mendelian in many combinations, and traits were controlled by a single gene. Keywords: Cicer sp., Diallel, Heterosis, Heterobeltiosis, Chi square.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Cicer sp., Diallel, Heterosis, Heterobeltiosis, Ki kare, Chi square
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Scopus Q Değeri
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Künye
Tekin, G. K. (2024). Kabuli, desi ve yabani nohut genotiplerinin fenolojik, morfolojik ve tarımsal karakterlerinin genetik yapısının belirlenmesi üzerine bir çalışma. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi, Dicle Üniversitesi, Diyarbakır.
