Demir cevherlerinde bulunan bakırın kazanımı
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Tarih
2016
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Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada Keban yöresinden temin edilen % 0.69 ve % 2.55 oranında bakır içeren iki ayrı demir cevheri üzerinde deneyler yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın ilk aşamasında, her iki cevherde de flotasyon yöntemiyle bakırın zenginleştirilmesi düşünülmüştür. Bakır içeren demir cevherlerinin direkt olarak flotasyon yöntemiyle zenginleştirilmesi mümkün olmamıştır. Bu nedenle her iki cevher numunesinin HS ile sülfürlenmesi yoluna gidilmiştir. Flotasyon deneylerinde pH’nın, canlandırıcının, bastırıcının, sülfürlemede kullanılan HS(g) miktarının, tanecik boyutunun, toplayıcı cinsi ve miktarının, köpürtücü cinsi ve miktarının etkisi incelenmiştir. Flotasyon deneylerinde en iyi sonuç % 0.69 oranında Cu içeren 100 mesh boyutundaki 500g cevher örneğinin 7.0125g H2 S(g)ile sülfürlenmesi sonucunda yapılan flotasyonundan elde edilmiştir. Bu flotasyonda köpürtücü olarak 0.5 mL (%1) MIBC, toplayıcı olarak 12 mL (%1) Aerophine 3418A ve canlandırıcı olarak 3 mL (5mg/mL) CuSO kullanılmış ve pH 9-11’de %89.96 verimle bakır zenginleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında ise % 2.55 oranında Cu içeren cevhere sülfürik asitle özütleme işlemi uygulanmış ve bakırın asit çözeltisine yüksek oranda geçmesini sağlamak için çeşitli parametreler incelenmiştir. Bu parametreler asit konsantrasyonu, özütleme süresi, tuz etkisi, tanecik boyutu ve katı/sıvı oranı, SO2(g) ve Na2SO etkisidir. İlk olarak asit derişiminin etkisi incelenmiştir. 1.50M, 2.0M ve 2.50M H2SO43 ile yapılan özütleme deneylerinde % 97 üzerinde sonuç elde edilmesine rağmen asit tüketiminin fazla olması nedeniyle 1.0M H çözeltisinin daha uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir. İkinci olarak K/S oranı belirlenmiştir. 20 saat sürede 1.0M H2SO ile K/S oranının 1/1.5 olduğu koşullarda %98 verimle bakır çözelti ortamına alınmıştır. Üçüncü olarak tanecik boyutunun bakırın özütleme verimi üzerine etkisideneyinde cevher örneği -100-150 mesh, -150-200 mesh, -200 mesh boyutlarına ayrılmıştır. Genel olarak 30dk özütleme süresinde tanecik boyutunun azalmasıyla bakırın çözelti ortamına geçme oranı azalmıştır. Optimum tanecik boyutunun -100 mesh olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Üçüncü aşamada ise çözelti ortamına alınan bakırın elektroliz yöntemi ile elde edilmesi sağlanmıştır. Özütleme sonrası bakırı elektroliz yöntemiyle uzaklaştırılan çözeltinin titrasyon yoluyla tüketilen asit miktarı belirlenmiş ve cevher tarafından tüketilen asit miktarı kadar asit çözeltiye eklenmiştir. Böylece çözeltinin asit derişimi başlangıçtaki gibi 1.0M yapılmıştır. Bu çözelti ikinci bir özütleme için kullanılarak daha önceki özütleme sonucunda cevherin yapısından çözeltiye geçen diğer tuzların bakırın çözeltiye geçme oranına etkisi incelenmiştir. Çözelti üçüncü bir özütleme için hazırlanmıştır. Tuz etkisinin ikinci özütleme için kullanılan çözeltide bakırın çözeltiye geçme oranını artırdığı fakat üçüncü özütleme için kullanıldığında düşürdüğü gözlemlenmiştir. Bakırın elektroliz yöntemiyle % 99.9 oranında saf elde edildiği belirlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Flotasyon, Bakır, Özütleme, Elektroliz
In this study, the experiments were carried out on two different iron ore samples containing 0.69 % and 2.55 % copper, provided from Keban region in Turkey. In the first part of the study, it was aimed to enrich copper in both ore by flotation method. The enrichment of the iron ores containing copper by flotation method directly was not achieved. Therefore, both ore samples were sulfurized by HS before flotation. The effects of pH, refreshing and suppressing reagents, amount of H22S, particle size, type and amount of collector on flotation experiments were investigated. In the flotation experiments, the best result was obtained from flotation of 500 g sulfurized ore containing Cu 0.69 %, sized to -100 mesh with 7.0125g HS(g). Optimum flotation conditions for the ore were found as follows: collector type, diisobutyldithiophosphinate Aero 3418A; amount of collector, 0.5 mL/100 g ore (1%); pH, 9-11; amount of H2S, 7.0125g. Under the optimum conditions copper yield was obtained as 89.96 %.2 In the second part of study, leaching was conducted onto the ore containing 2.55 % copper by H2SO acid, and a variety of parameters such as effect of acid concentration, leaching time, amount of salt, particle size, solid/liquid ratio, SO42(g) and Na were investigated to enable pass of copper into the acid solution. First of all, the effect of acid concentration was investigated. Although higher than 97% copper yield was obtained by flotation with 1.5M, 2.0M or 2.5M acid concentrations, it has been accepted that 1M acid concentration is more appropriate economically to minimize acid consumption. Secondly, ratio of K/S was determined. The acid leaching test results were indicated that 98 % of copper extraction was possible under the optimum conditions, which were determined as 1.0 M H, 20 h leaching time, room temperature, S/L ratio of 1/1.5 and 100 mesh particle size. Thirdly, the ore was split to -100-150 mesh, -150-200 mesh, -200 mesh to investigate the effect of particle size. In general, copper leaching ratio was decreased with decrease in particle size during 30 min leaching. Furthermore, optimum particle size was determined as -100 mesh. In the third part of study, electrolysis was carried out to recover of high purity copper from the pregnant copper solution obtained after sulfuric acid (H2) leaching. The amount of consumed acid of the solution whose copper were removed by electrolysis after leaching were determined by titration and this amount of acid was added to the solution so that its concentration became 1.0M again. The solution was used for a second extraction so that the effect of other salts passed to the solution from the structure of ore by previous leaching on ratio of copper pass was studied. Then, the solution was prepared for a third extraction. While the leaching ratio increased in the second extraction, it decreased in the third one. Finally, it was found that copper was obtained in 99.9% yield by electrolysis. Keywords: Flotation, Copper, Leaching, Electrolysis
In this study, the experiments were carried out on two different iron ore samples containing 0.69 % and 2.55 % copper, provided from Keban region in Turkey. In the first part of the study, it was aimed to enrich copper in both ore by flotation method. The enrichment of the iron ores containing copper by flotation method directly was not achieved. Therefore, both ore samples were sulfurized by HS before flotation. The effects of pH, refreshing and suppressing reagents, amount of H22S, particle size, type and amount of collector on flotation experiments were investigated. In the flotation experiments, the best result was obtained from flotation of 500 g sulfurized ore containing Cu 0.69 %, sized to -100 mesh with 7.0125g HS(g). Optimum flotation conditions for the ore were found as follows: collector type, diisobutyldithiophosphinate Aero 3418A; amount of collector, 0.5 mL/100 g ore (1%); pH, 9-11; amount of H2S, 7.0125g. Under the optimum conditions copper yield was obtained as 89.96 %.2 In the second part of study, leaching was conducted onto the ore containing 2.55 % copper by H2SO acid, and a variety of parameters such as effect of acid concentration, leaching time, amount of salt, particle size, solid/liquid ratio, SO42(g) and Na were investigated to enable pass of copper into the acid solution. First of all, the effect of acid concentration was investigated. Although higher than 97% copper yield was obtained by flotation with 1.5M, 2.0M or 2.5M acid concentrations, it has been accepted that 1M acid concentration is more appropriate economically to minimize acid consumption. Secondly, ratio of K/S was determined. The acid leaching test results were indicated that 98 % of copper extraction was possible under the optimum conditions, which were determined as 1.0 M H, 20 h leaching time, room temperature, S/L ratio of 1/1.5 and 100 mesh particle size. Thirdly, the ore was split to -100-150 mesh, -150-200 mesh, -200 mesh to investigate the effect of particle size. In general, copper leaching ratio was decreased with decrease in particle size during 30 min leaching. Furthermore, optimum particle size was determined as -100 mesh. In the third part of study, electrolysis was carried out to recover of high purity copper from the pregnant copper solution obtained after sulfuric acid (H2) leaching. The amount of consumed acid of the solution whose copper were removed by electrolysis after leaching were determined by titration and this amount of acid was added to the solution so that its concentration became 1.0M again. The solution was used for a second extraction so that the effect of other salts passed to the solution from the structure of ore by previous leaching on ratio of copper pass was studied. Then, the solution was prepared for a third extraction. While the leaching ratio increased in the second extraction, it decreased in the third one. Finally, it was found that copper was obtained in 99.9% yield by electrolysis. Keywords: Flotation, Copper, Leaching, Electrolysis
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Flotasyon, Flotation, Bakır, Copper, Özütleme, Leaching, Elektroliz, Electrolysis
