Râşid halifeler dönemi cami ve camilerin çoklu fonksiyonu
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Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Dicle Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Râşid Halifeler zamanında, genel olarak cami ve mescitler ile ilgili Hz. Peygamber'in sünneti takip edilmiştir fakat ihtiyaç halinde Kur'an ve sünnetin ruhuna aykırı olmayacak şekilde bazı değişikliler de yapılmıştır. Bu değişiklikler hem mimari hem de işlevsel yönden olmuştur. Bu dönemde Müslümanların ibadetlerini icra etmelerinin yanında aynı zamanda eğitim ve idare merkezi olan Mescid-i Nebevi cemaate yetersiz gelince, genişletilmiş ve ilk defa zeminine çakıl taşları döşenip hasır veya keçe serilmiştir. İçinde Kâbe'nin bulunduğu Mescid-i Haram'ın çevre duvarı da ilk defa Râşid Halifeler zamanında yapılmıştır. Râşid Halifeler Döneminde var olan camilerin restore edilip genişletilmesinin yanında birçok şehirde yeni camiler de inşa edilmiştir. Mekke ile Medine'den sonra Müslümanların üçüncü ziyaret mekânı olarak kabul edilen Mescid-i Aksâ Râşid Halifeler zamanında inşa edilmiştir. Bu dönemde Kûfe, Basra, Musul ve Fustat gibi yeni kurulan şehirler cami merkezli ve her yönüyle cami odaklı kurulmuştur. Râşid Halifeler döneminde Irak, Filistin, Suriye, Mısır, Cezire, Azarbaycan, İran, Horasan vb. fethedilen yeni bölgelerde, sayıları binlerle ifade edilen cami ve mescitler inşa edilmiştir. Râşid Halifeler döneminde önceden var olan ve yeni inşa edilen camiler önemli fonksiyonlar icra etmişlerdir. Bu dönemde camiler ibadi, eğitsel, siyasi, idari, mali, adli, sosyal, kültürel vb. birçok alanda işlev görmüştür. Camilerde namazların cemaatle kılınması ile birlikte ders halkaları da oluşturulmuş ve eğitim öğretim faaliyetleri yürütülmüştür. Ayrıca siyasi, askeri, idari, adli ve mali işler camilerde icra edilmiş ve camiler birer hükümet merkezi gibi iş görmüştür. Etrafında kurulan çarşı ve pazarlarla o dönemde yediden yetmişe her Müslümanın uğrak yeri olan camiler, aynı zamanda önemli sosyal ve kültürel fonksiyonlar da icra etmişlerdir.
During the time of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, regarding mosques and masjids in general, Hz. The Sunnah of the Prophet was followed, but some changes were made when necessary, so as not to contradict the spirit of the Quran and the Sunnah. These changes were both architectural and functional. During this period, the Masjid al-Nabawi, which was not only the center of education and administration for Muslims to perform their religious duties, was insufficient for the community, but it was expanded and for the first time, pebbles were laid on its floor and mats or felt were laid. The surrounding wall of the Masjid al-Haram, where the Kaaba is located, was built for the first time during the time of the Rashidun Caliphs. In addition to the restoration and expansion of existing mosques during the Period of the Rashid Caliphs, new mosques were also built in many cities. Masjid al-Aqsa, which is considered the third place of pilgrimage for Muslims after Mecca and Medina, was built during the time of the Rightly Guided Caliphs. During this period, newly founded cities such as Kufa, Basra, Mosul and Fustat were mosque-centered and mosque-oriented in every aspect. During the period of the Rashid Caliphs, Iraq, Palestine, Syria, Egypt, Jazira, Azerbaijan, Iran, Khorasan etc. Thousands of mosques and masjids were built in the new conquered regions. During the period of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, pre-existing and newly built mosques performed important functions. During this period, mosques were religious, educational, political, administrative, financial, judicial, social, cultural, etc. It has functioned in many areas. Along with performing prayers with the congregation in mosques, lesson circles were also formed and educational activities were carried out. In addition, political, military, administrative, judicial and financial affairs were carried out in mosques and mosques served as government centers. Mosques, which were frequented by every Muslim from seven to seventy at that time, with the bazaars and markets established around them, also performed important social and cultural functions.
During the time of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, regarding mosques and masjids in general, Hz. The Sunnah of the Prophet was followed, but some changes were made when necessary, so as not to contradict the spirit of the Quran and the Sunnah. These changes were both architectural and functional. During this period, the Masjid al-Nabawi, which was not only the center of education and administration for Muslims to perform their religious duties, was insufficient for the community, but it was expanded and for the first time, pebbles were laid on its floor and mats or felt were laid. The surrounding wall of the Masjid al-Haram, where the Kaaba is located, was built for the first time during the time of the Rashidun Caliphs. In addition to the restoration and expansion of existing mosques during the Period of the Rashid Caliphs, new mosques were also built in many cities. Masjid al-Aqsa, which is considered the third place of pilgrimage for Muslims after Mecca and Medina, was built during the time of the Rightly Guided Caliphs. During this period, newly founded cities such as Kufa, Basra, Mosul and Fustat were mosque-centered and mosque-oriented in every aspect. During the period of the Rashid Caliphs, Iraq, Palestine, Syria, Egypt, Jazira, Azerbaijan, Iran, Khorasan etc. Thousands of mosques and masjids were built in the new conquered regions. During the period of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, pre-existing and newly built mosques performed important functions. During this period, mosques were religious, educational, political, administrative, financial, judicial, social, cultural, etc. It has functioned in many areas. Along with performing prayers with the congregation in mosques, lesson circles were also formed and educational activities were carried out. In addition, political, military, administrative, judicial and financial affairs were carried out in mosques and mosques served as government centers. Mosques, which were frequented by every Muslim from seven to seventy at that time, with the bazaars and markets established around them, also performed important social and cultural functions.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
İslam Tarihi, Râşid Halifeler, Cami, Mescit, Fonksiyon, Islamic History, Rashid Caliphs, Mosque, Masjid, Function
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Ulu, M. (2024). Râşid halifeler dönemi cami ve camilerin çoklu fonksiyonu. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Dicle Üniversitesi, Diyarbakır.
