Hatay yöresinde bulunan altın içerikli bakır cevherinin değerlendirilmesi
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Tarih
2017
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada, Hatay-Kisecik yöresinden temin edilmiş % 4.93 Cu, % 0.007 Co, % 0.92 Zn, % 11.41 Fe, % 10.72 S, 4.72 g / t Au ve 12.80 g / t Ag içeren cevher kullanılmıştır. Orijinal cevherin -160 mesh boyutta flotasyonu ile pH=11,0’de Au, Ag, Cu, Zn ve Co sırasıyla % 49.31, % 86.80, % 86.30, % 85.74 % ve % 72.54 verimle yüzdürülürken, tenörleri 7.31 g/t Au, 24.30 g/t Ag, %11.35 Cu, %1.69 Zn ve %0.016 Co olmuştur. Altın ve gümüşün istenilen verimlerde zenginleştirilemedikleri saptanmıştır. Bunun üzerine cevher, flotasyon işleminden önce sülfürleme işlemine tabi tutulmuştur. Bu amaçla, örnekler önce çeşitli oranlarda H2S + H2O buharı ortamında sülfürlenmiş ve elde edilen bu örneklerin flotasyonuyla Au, Ag, Cu, Zn ve kobaltın zenginleştirilmesi yoluna gidilmiştir. Bu şekilde yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda her bir örnek için ayrı ayrı sülfürleme ve flotasyon koşullarının belirlenmesine çalışılmıştır. Optimum flotasyon koşullarında Au, Ag, Cu, Zn ve Co flotasyon verimlerinin sırasıyla % 100, % 96.82, % 98.52, % 97.20 % ve % 94.77olduğu saptanmıştır. Optimum sülfürleme koşullarında, sülfürlenen örneklerin uygun flotasyon koşullarında elde edilen konsantreler 600 oC’de kavurma işlemine tabi tutulmuştur. Örneğin doğrudan kavurmaya tabi tutulmasıyla 6 saatlik süre ile kobaltın % 81,74’ü ve bakırın % 65,09’u çözeltiye alındığı saptanmıştır. Çözeltiye alınan metal verimlerinin düşük olması nedeniyle bundan sonra, konsantrenin bir ön işleme tabi tutulması yoluna gidilmiştir. Konsantreler, 725 oC’de farklı sürelerde kapalı ortamda işleme sokulmuş ve elde edilen örnekler 600 oC de farklı sürelerle kavurmaya tabi tutulmuştur. Kapalı ortamda yapılan işlem için, işlem için 2 saatlik sürenin yeterli olduğu görülmüştür. Bundan sonra 600 oC de kavrulmaya tabi tutulmuş ve 6 saatlik kavurma süresi sonunda kobaltın % 92,14’ü çözeltiye alınırken bakırın da % 95,55’i çözeltiye alınmıştır Konsantreler, 725 oC’de 2 saat süre ile kapalı ortamdaki işleme sokulduktan sonra elde edilen örneklerin Fe tozu katılarak 600 oC de kavurmaya tabi tutulması sonucu kobaltın % 100’ü çözeltiye alınırken bakırın da % 96,23’ü çözeltiye alınmıştır. Ayrıca -100 ve -150 mesh boyutundaki konsantreler, 725 oC’de 2 saat süre ile kapalı ortamda farklı oranlarda konsantre-elementel kükürt tozu karışımı, konsantre-pirit ve konsantre-Fe tozu karışımı şeklinde işleme sokulmuştur. Elde edilen örnekler 600 oC’de farklı süreler ile kavrulmuştur. Kazanım verimleri genellikle kobaltın % 100’ü çözeltiye alınırken bakırın da % 94–96 civarında çözeltiye alındığı saptanmıştır. Farklı oranlarda sülfürlenmiş -160 mesh boyutundaki örneklerin karışımı optimum flotasyon koşullarında yüzdürüldükten sonra 725 oC’de 2 saat süre ile kapalı ortamda farklı oranlarda konsantre-elementel kükürt tozu karışımı ve konsantre-Fe tozu karışımı ile işleme sokulmuştur. Elde edilen örnekler 600 oC’de farklı süreler ile kavrulmuştur. Böylece kobaltın % 95-100’ü, bakırın da % 94 civarında çözeltiye alındığı saptanmıştır. Optimum flotasyon koşullarında elde edilen konsantrelerin kavrularak bakır, kobalt ve çinkonun çözelti ortamına alınması sonucu, geriye kalan artıklar siyanür, tiyosülfat ve tiyoüre çözeltileri ile ekstraksiyon işlemine tabi tutulmuşlardır. Siyanür çözeltisi ile yapılan ekstraksiyon sonucu, altının tamamının ve gümüşün %94,36’sının çözelti ortamına alındığını göstermiştir. Tiyosülfat ekstraksiyonu ile altın verimi %96’nın üzerinde olmasına rağmen; gümüş için etkili olamamıştır. Tiyoüre çözeltisi ile yapılan ekstraksiyonda, altının % 97,85’i ve gümüşün %86,30’unun çözelti ortamına alındığı görülmüştür. Siyanür ekstraksiyonu sonucu çözeltiye alınan altın ve gümüş elektroliz işlemine tabi tutulmuştur. Çözelti 60–70 oC’de tutulup 150 dakika süre ile 3 Volt potansiyel uygulanarak yapılan elektroliz sonucu çözeltideki altının % 97,5’inin ve gümüşün tamamının katot üzerinde toplandığı tespit edilmiştir.
The ore containing 4.93 % Cu, 0.007 % Co, 0.92 % Zn 11.41, % Fe, 10.72 % S, 4.72 g / t Au and 12.80 g / t Ag was obtained from district of Hatay-Kisecik. By flotation of original ore at -160 mesh size and at pH 11, Au, Ag, Cu, Zn and Co were floated in 49.31 %, 86.80 %, 86.30 %, 85.74 % and 72.54 % yields, respectively, while their concentrate grades were7.31 g/t Au, 24.30 g/t Ag, 11.35 % Cu, 1.69 % Zn and 0.016 % Co. It was determined that gold and silver were not enriched with desired yields. Thus, before the flotation, the ore was sulfurized. For this reason, the samples were first sulfurized in the medium of various ratios of H2S + H2O vapor, and by the flotation of these samples, Au, Ag, Cu, Zn and Co were enriched. It was tried to determine conditions of sulfurization and flotation distinctively for each sample by the results of these studies. It was concluded that the flotation yield of Au, Ag, Cu, Zn and Co were 100 %, 96.82 %, 98.52 %, 97.20 % and 94.77 %, respectively under optimum flotation conditions. The concentrates obtained from the sulfurized samples under optimum flotation conditions were roasted at 600 oC. It was established that 81.74% of cobalt and 65.09 % of copper were passed into the solution by the direct roasting of the sample for 6 hours. Since amount of metal passed into the solution were low, henceforth, the concentrate was treated with a pre-process. The concentrates were processed in a closed medium at 725 oC for different time intervals. It was seen that two hours were sufficient for the process. Then, they were roasted at 600 oC, and only 92.14 % of cobalt was passed into the solution at the end of 6 hours, while 95.55 % of copper was passed into the solution. After the concentrates were processed at 725 oC for two hours in the closed medium, Fe powder was added to the samples and the mixture was roasted at 600 oC, so 100 % of cobalt and 96.23 % of copper were taken in the solution. Furthermore, -100 and -150 mesh concentrates were processed in the form of various ratios of concentrate elemental sulfur powder mixture at 725 oC for two hours in the closed medium. The samples were roasted at 600 oC various times. Recovery yields were 100 % for cobalt and 94-96 % for copper. After flotation of the -160 mesh samples sulfurized at various ratios under optimum flotation conditions, they were processed with various ratios of the concentrate elemental sulfur powder mixture at 725 oC for two hours. The samples were roasted at 600 oC for various times. Recovery yields were 95-100 % for cobalt and 94 % for copper. After the roasting of the concentrates obtained under optimum flotation conditions and taking into the solution, the residues were extracted with cyanide, thiosulfate and thiourea By the extraction with cyanide solution, all of gold and 94.36 of silver were passed into the solution Although yield of gold was higher than 96 % by thiosulfate extraction, this process was not effective on silver. It was seen that 97.85 % of gold and 86.30 % of silver were passed into the solution by thiourea solution extraction. Gold and silver taken in solution by the cyanide extraction were electrolyzed. It was observed that 97.5 % at gold and all of silver collected on the cathode by the electrolysis in which temperature of the solution was fixed at 60-70 oC and 3 volt potential were applied for 150 minutes.
The ore containing 4.93 % Cu, 0.007 % Co, 0.92 % Zn 11.41, % Fe, 10.72 % S, 4.72 g / t Au and 12.80 g / t Ag was obtained from district of Hatay-Kisecik. By flotation of original ore at -160 mesh size and at pH 11, Au, Ag, Cu, Zn and Co were floated in 49.31 %, 86.80 %, 86.30 %, 85.74 % and 72.54 % yields, respectively, while their concentrate grades were7.31 g/t Au, 24.30 g/t Ag, 11.35 % Cu, 1.69 % Zn and 0.016 % Co. It was determined that gold and silver were not enriched with desired yields. Thus, before the flotation, the ore was sulfurized. For this reason, the samples were first sulfurized in the medium of various ratios of H2S + H2O vapor, and by the flotation of these samples, Au, Ag, Cu, Zn and Co were enriched. It was tried to determine conditions of sulfurization and flotation distinctively for each sample by the results of these studies. It was concluded that the flotation yield of Au, Ag, Cu, Zn and Co were 100 %, 96.82 %, 98.52 %, 97.20 % and 94.77 %, respectively under optimum flotation conditions. The concentrates obtained from the sulfurized samples under optimum flotation conditions were roasted at 600 oC. It was established that 81.74% of cobalt and 65.09 % of copper were passed into the solution by the direct roasting of the sample for 6 hours. Since amount of metal passed into the solution were low, henceforth, the concentrate was treated with a pre-process. The concentrates were processed in a closed medium at 725 oC for different time intervals. It was seen that two hours were sufficient for the process. Then, they were roasted at 600 oC, and only 92.14 % of cobalt was passed into the solution at the end of 6 hours, while 95.55 % of copper was passed into the solution. After the concentrates were processed at 725 oC for two hours in the closed medium, Fe powder was added to the samples and the mixture was roasted at 600 oC, so 100 % of cobalt and 96.23 % of copper were taken in the solution. Furthermore, -100 and -150 mesh concentrates were processed in the form of various ratios of concentrate elemental sulfur powder mixture at 725 oC for two hours in the closed medium. The samples were roasted at 600 oC various times. Recovery yields were 100 % for cobalt and 94-96 % for copper. After flotation of the -160 mesh samples sulfurized at various ratios under optimum flotation conditions, they were processed with various ratios of the concentrate elemental sulfur powder mixture at 725 oC for two hours. The samples were roasted at 600 oC for various times. Recovery yields were 95-100 % for cobalt and 94 % for copper. After the roasting of the concentrates obtained under optimum flotation conditions and taking into the solution, the residues were extracted with cyanide, thiosulfate and thiourea By the extraction with cyanide solution, all of gold and 94.36 of silver were passed into the solution Although yield of gold was higher than 96 % by thiosulfate extraction, this process was not effective on silver. It was seen that 97.85 % of gold and 86.30 % of silver were passed into the solution by thiourea solution extraction. Gold and silver taken in solution by the cyanide extraction were electrolyzed. It was observed that 97.5 % at gold and all of silver collected on the cathode by the electrolysis in which temperature of the solution was fixed at 60-70 oC and 3 volt potential were applied for 150 minutes.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Hatay, Altın, Gold, Bakır, Copper, Flotasyon, Flotation, Gümüş, Silver
