İlk dönem hadis ve İslam tarihi kaynaklarında veda hutbeleriyle ilgili rivayetlerin değerlendirilmesi
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Tarih
2018
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info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess
Özet
İlk dönem Hadis ve İslam Tarihi Kaynakları'nda Veda Hutbeleri ile ilgili birçok riv?yetin nakledildiği görülmektedir. Araştırmamızda bu riv?yetler tespit edilerek sened ve metin tenk?dleri yapılmıştır. Konuyla ilgili nakledilen riv?yetlerden hareketle Hz. Peygamber'in (a.s.) terviye gününden bir gün önce, arefe günü, kurban bayramının birinci, ikinci ve üçüncü günlerinde olmak üzere toplamda beş hutbe ?r?d ettiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmamızda Hadis Kaynakları'nda bulunan Veda Hutbeleri ile ilgili metinlerin farklı başlıklar altında parça parça, İslam Tarihi Kaynakları'nda bulunan Veda Hutbesi metinlerinin ise genelde tek başlık altında derlenerek nakledildiği tespit edilmiştir. Hutbeler ile ilgili çoğunluğu sah?h olan riv?yetlerin yanında zayıf ve uydurma olan riv?yetlerin de bulunduğu belirtilmiş, sözkonusu riv?yetlerden isn?d açısından sah?h olanlar metin tenk?di açısından farklı delillere arz edilmiştir. Çalışmamızda Allah Rasûlü'nün sözkonusu hutbelerinde ümmetine sadece Kur'an'ı bıraktığı sonucuna ulaşılmış, Veda Hutbelerinde recm cezasının yer almadığı belirtilmiş; Arab'ın aceme takv? dışında bir üstünlüğünün olmadığı ve hadislerin sonrakilere nakli ile ilgili riv?yetlerin Hz. Peygamber'e aidiyetinin sah?h olduğu vurgulanmıştır. Araştırmamızda isn?d ve metin açısından sah?h olan riv?yetlerden istifade edilerek yeni bir metin inş?sı oluşturulmuş ve bu metnin günümüzde meşhur olan Veda Hutbesi metinleri ile bir karşılaştırması yapılmıştır. Bu bağlamda günümüzde meşhur olan Veda Hutbesi metinlerinin Rasûlullah'ın belirli bir günde ?r?d ettiği hutbeden ziyade hacda farklı günlerde ?r?d ettiği hutbelerden elde edilmiş bir derleme olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Bununla beraber bu derlemelerde İbn İsh?k'tan nakledilen arefe günü hutbesinden daha fazla ilham alındığı görülmektedir.
As it has been seen in the first period Hadith and Islamic History sources, there are many stories narrated about The Farewell Sermon. In this study, those narrations are identified, then subjected to sanad and textual criticisms. Based on the relevant stories, we can infer that Prophet Muhammad preached those mentioned sermons one day before the terwiyah day, on the Arafah day, and during the first three days of Eid Al Adha. In this study, it is observed that the anecdotes about The Farewell Sermon in Hadith sources are narrated seperately under different titles whereas the ones in Islamic history sources are recited coherently under one specific title. And it is noted that among those stories about Prophet's sermons many of which are derived from reliable sources, one can admit that there are some unreliable narratives too. In our study, it is also concluded that the only legacy which prophet Muhammad has bequeathed was the Qur'an. In addition, it is also proved that there is no record of the penalty for adultery which was stated as "stoning the convicted to death" in his sermons. The stories that convey some of his statements are proven to be authentic, they are the ones which indicate that the Arabs are not superior to non-Arabs, but real superiority is measured by taqwá, and his suggestions about delivering his words to future generations. In our research, a new text has been constructed on the basis of the narratives that come from reliable sources, and a comparison has been made between this new text and the well-known version of The Farewell Sermon. In this context, it is possible to say that the texts of the sermons transcribed in the sources are the result of a collection of sermons preached by Prophet Muhammad in different days of the Hadj, rather than a single sermon he preached in one particular day. It can be seen clearly that this collection was especially inspired by the sermon that was given on the day of Arafah and conveyed by İbn İsh?k.
As it has been seen in the first period Hadith and Islamic History sources, there are many stories narrated about The Farewell Sermon. In this study, those narrations are identified, then subjected to sanad and textual criticisms. Based on the relevant stories, we can infer that Prophet Muhammad preached those mentioned sermons one day before the terwiyah day, on the Arafah day, and during the first three days of Eid Al Adha. In this study, it is observed that the anecdotes about The Farewell Sermon in Hadith sources are narrated seperately under different titles whereas the ones in Islamic history sources are recited coherently under one specific title. And it is noted that among those stories about Prophet's sermons many of which are derived from reliable sources, one can admit that there are some unreliable narratives too. In our study, it is also concluded that the only legacy which prophet Muhammad has bequeathed was the Qur'an. In addition, it is also proved that there is no record of the penalty for adultery which was stated as "stoning the convicted to death" in his sermons. The stories that convey some of his statements are proven to be authentic, they are the ones which indicate that the Arabs are not superior to non-Arabs, but real superiority is measured by taqwá, and his suggestions about delivering his words to future generations. In our research, a new text has been constructed on the basis of the narratives that come from reliable sources, and a comparison has been made between this new text and the well-known version of The Farewell Sermon. In this context, it is possible to say that the texts of the sermons transcribed in the sources are the result of a collection of sermons preached by Prophet Muhammad in different days of the Hadj, rather than a single sermon he preached in one particular day. It can be seen clearly that this collection was especially inspired by the sermon that was given on the day of Arafah and conveyed by İbn İsh?k.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Veda hutbesi, Rivȃyet, Sened tenkȋdi, Metin tenkȋdi, Metin inşȃsı, Kur’an, Arap-Acem, The farewell sermon, Narration, Sanad criticism, Textual criticism, Text construction, Qur’an, Arabian-persian
