An overview to antenna terminology and design a compact dual band antenna by using HFSS program for C and X bands applications

Antennas are used to transform the traveling signals into theelectromagnetic waves in the free space. There are many types of theantennas using in the various areas. Microstrip patch antennas have beenused for many applications such as mobile communications, radarapplications, microwave imaging, satellite systems, remote sensing, radiofrequency identifications, wireless systems, synthetic aperture radar,telemetry, aerospace, weather mapping and detecting etc. These applicationsoperate at L, S, C, X and K microwave bands or combinations of thesebands. In this study, a comprehensive study of the antenna terminology ispresented and a compact dual-band antenna operating at the C-band and Xbandis developed and analyzed. Defected Ground Structure techniques areused on the ground side and some other modification techniques are used onthe patch side in order to obtain the resonant frequencies in these two bands.The FR4-epoxy material is chosen as a substrate for the designed patchantenna with dielectric constant of 4.5, and height of 1.6 mm. The antennastructure is optimized and simulated using High Frequency StructuredSimulator program which uses the Finite Element Methods solver technique.A large number of the antenna parameters are obtained and explained at theresult part of the study.