Diyarbakır koşullarında ana ve ikinci ürün tane mısır tarımında bazı tarımsal ve teknolojik özellikler üzerine araştırmalar
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Tarih
2016
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Mısır, dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de sosyo-ekonomik öneme sahip bir bitkidir. Farklı türleri ve geniş adaptasyon özelliği ile yeryüzünde farklı ekolojilerde geniş ekim alanlarına sahiptir. Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi mısır tarımının gelişmesi için, öncelikle çevre koşullarına uyumlu, yüksek verimli ve iyi kalite özelliklerine sahip mısır çeşitlerinin belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Verim ve kalitesinde düşüş olmadan iki farklı dönemde mısır yetiştirme imkanlarının araştırılmasının bölge mısır tarımına katkı sağlayacağı şüphesizdir. Bu çalışma, GAP Uluslararası Tarımsal Araştırma ve Eğitim Merkezi Müdürlüğü araştırma ve uygulama alanında 2014-2015 yıllarıında tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi iklim koşullarına uyumlu olduğu düşünülen ve farklı vejetasyon süresine sahip olan 15 adet tane mısır çeşidi farklı tohumluk kuruluşlarından temin edilmiş ve araştırmada materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada 24 tarımsal karakter ve 6 adet teknolojik özellik incelenmiştir. Ana üründe incelenen özellikler yönünden; tepe püskülü çıkarma süresi (75.7-80.3 gün), koçan püskülü çıkarma süresi (79.7-84.5 gün), bitki boyu (233.9-277.3 cm), ilk koçan yüksekliği (79.8-125.1 cm), sap kalınlığı (18.9-23.7 mm), bitkide yaprak sayısı (13.6-15.7 adet), klorofil miktarı (48.5-56.4), koçan sayısı (50.33-55.50 adet), koçan uzunluğu (18.8-23.1 cm), koçan kalınlığı (43.92-48.55 mm), koçanda tane sayısı (489.2-621.7 adet), bitkide koçan sayısı (0.975-1.071 adet), tane/koçan oranı (% 83.63-88.00), 1000 tane ağırlığı (287.1-378.6 g), hasatta tane nemi (% 13.16-16.75), hektolitre ağırlığı (77.09-81.76 kg), ham yağ oranı (% 3.19-4.57), ham protein oranı (% 7.96-8.62) ve nişasta oranı (% 71.51-72.95) bakımından çeşitler arasında % 1 düzeyinde önemli farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Tane verimi yönünden çeşitler arasında % 5 düzeyinde önemli farklılıklar bulunmuş, verim 1580.2 kg/da (PR31D24) ile 1278.7 kg/da (Ada 95.16) arasında değişmiş olup, deneme ortalaması 1388.8 kg/da olarak bulunmuştur. İkinci üründe incelenen tüm özellikler yönünden çeşitler arasında % 1 düzeyinde önemli farklılıklar bulunmuş, verimler 1502.3 kg/da (Katone) ile 1082.2 kg/da (Breaker) arasında değişmiş olup, deneme ortalaması 1266.0 kg/da olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışmadan elde edilen veriler ışığında; ana üründe PR31D24, Sy Radioso, Suerto, 72May80, P.31G98, Katone ve Sy Lucroso çeşitleri, ikinci üründe ise Katone, PR31D24 ve Kerbanis çeşitlerinin Diyarbakır şartlarında çiftçilere önerilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Mısır, ana ürün, ikinci ürün, çeşit, kalite, verim ve verim unsurları.
Maize is a plant that has socio-economic importance in the world as well as in our country. It has large plantations in different ecological of the world with extensive adaptations and different species features. It is necessary to determine the maize varieties which primarily compatible with the environment with high yield and good quality properties, for the development of maize agriculture in Southeastern Anatolia Region. It will certainly contribute to the corn cultivation of region, the efficiency of corn can be grown in two different periods without a reduction in yield and quality. The study was caried out in applications field of GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center, according to a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2014 and 2015 years. Totally 15 different corn varieties which is considered to be compatible with the climate and vegetation of Southeastern Anatolia Region, has been obtained from different organizations were used as research material. In this study, totally 24 agricultural research features and 6 technological characters were examined. In terms of the features, discussed in the main product; tasseling periods (75.7-80.3 day), silking periods (79.7-84.5 day), plant height (233.9-277.3 cm), first ear height (79.8-125.1 cm), stem thickness (18.9-23.7 mm), number of leaf per plant (13.6-15.7), chlorophyll content (48.5-56.4), number of ear (50.33-55.50), ear length (18.8-23.1 cm), ear thickness (43.92-48.55 mm), number of kernels per ear (489.2-621.7), number of ear per plant (0.975-1.071), kernel/ear ratio (83.63-88.00 %), 1000 kernel weight (287.1-378.6 g), harvest grain moisture (13.16-16.75 %), hectoliter weight (77.09-81.76 kg), crude oil ratio (3.19-4.57 %), crude protein ratio (7.96-8.62 %) and starch ratio (71.51-72.95 %) were found significant differences at the level of 1% for investigated traits among the maize varieties. It was found significant differences at the level of 5 % among the maize varieties in terms of grain yield. Grain yield of maize varieties was found to be between15802 kg/ha (PR31D24) and 12787 kg/ha (Ada 95.16) and the average yield was determined as 13888 kg/ha. According to the findings of all experiment in the second cropping, it was found significant differences at the level of 1% for investigated traits among the maize varieties, yields of varieties ranged between 15023 kg/ha (Katone) with 10822 kg/ha (Breaker) and the average yield was determined as 12660 kg/ha. In the light of the data obtained from study; PR31D24, Sy Radioso, Suertoda, 72May80, P.31G98, Katone and Sy Lucroso varieties in the main cropping, Katone, PR31D24 and Kerbanis varieties in the second cropping may be suggested to farmers in Diyarbakir conditions. Key Words: Maize, main crop, second crop, variety, quality, yield and yield components.
Maize is a plant that has socio-economic importance in the world as well as in our country. It has large plantations in different ecological of the world with extensive adaptations and different species features. It is necessary to determine the maize varieties which primarily compatible with the environment with high yield and good quality properties, for the development of maize agriculture in Southeastern Anatolia Region. It will certainly contribute to the corn cultivation of region, the efficiency of corn can be grown in two different periods without a reduction in yield and quality. The study was caried out in applications field of GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center, according to a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2014 and 2015 years. Totally 15 different corn varieties which is considered to be compatible with the climate and vegetation of Southeastern Anatolia Region, has been obtained from different organizations were used as research material. In this study, totally 24 agricultural research features and 6 technological characters were examined. In terms of the features, discussed in the main product; tasseling periods (75.7-80.3 day), silking periods (79.7-84.5 day), plant height (233.9-277.3 cm), first ear height (79.8-125.1 cm), stem thickness (18.9-23.7 mm), number of leaf per plant (13.6-15.7), chlorophyll content (48.5-56.4), number of ear (50.33-55.50), ear length (18.8-23.1 cm), ear thickness (43.92-48.55 mm), number of kernels per ear (489.2-621.7), number of ear per plant (0.975-1.071), kernel/ear ratio (83.63-88.00 %), 1000 kernel weight (287.1-378.6 g), harvest grain moisture (13.16-16.75 %), hectoliter weight (77.09-81.76 kg), crude oil ratio (3.19-4.57 %), crude protein ratio (7.96-8.62 %) and starch ratio (71.51-72.95 %) were found significant differences at the level of 1% for investigated traits among the maize varieties. It was found significant differences at the level of 5 % among the maize varieties in terms of grain yield. Grain yield of maize varieties was found to be between15802 kg/ha (PR31D24) and 12787 kg/ha (Ada 95.16) and the average yield was determined as 13888 kg/ha. According to the findings of all experiment in the second cropping, it was found significant differences at the level of 1% for investigated traits among the maize varieties, yields of varieties ranged between 15023 kg/ha (Katone) with 10822 kg/ha (Breaker) and the average yield was determined as 12660 kg/ha. In the light of the data obtained from study; PR31D24, Sy Radioso, Suertoda, 72May80, P.31G98, Katone and Sy Lucroso varieties in the main cropping, Katone, PR31D24 and Kerbanis varieties in the second cropping may be suggested to farmers in Diyarbakir conditions. Key Words: Maize, main crop, second crop, variety, quality, yield and yield components.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Mısır, Maize, Ana ürün, Main crop, İkinci ürün, Second crop, Çeşit, Variety, Kalite, Quality, Verim, Yield, Verim unsurlar, Yield components
