Klinik Öncesi Bilimler Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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Optimum processing conditions for a trivalent-inactivated bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) vaccine using field strains and immunogenicity of candidate formulations with different adjuvants
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Kadiroğlu, Berfin; Yeşilbağ, Kadir
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is among the common bovine pathogens worldwide. One of the prominent protection measures of BVDV is vaccination. This study aimed to determine the growth characteristics, inactivation kinetics of vaccine candidates using local BVDV strains [TR-26 (BVDV-1f), TR-21 (BVDV-1l), and TR-15 (BVDV-2b)], and the serological response in experimental animals to inactivated BVDV vaccine formulations prepared with different adjuvants. Optimum MOI values for BVDV strains TR-26, TR-21, and TR-15 were determined as 0.1, 1.0, and 0.01, respectively. In addition, growth curves of TR-26, TR-21, and TR-15 strains were created, and it was determined that they reached the highest titers at 12, 48, and 36 h p.i., respectively. The strains TR-26, TR-21, and TR-15 with titers of 106.5, 106.5, and 105.25 TCID50/ml were completely inactivated by 1 mM binary ethyleneimine (BEI) at the 10th, 16th, and 10th hours of treatment, respectively. Guinea pigs were immunized with four vaccine formulations (F1, F2, F3, F4), two with aluminum-based [Al(OH)3, Al(OH)3+Saponin] and two with oil-based (ISA 50 and ISA 206) adjuvants. Neutralization tests were applied to determine the humoral immune response developed after vaccination. Both homologous and heterologous BVDV strains were used for evaluations. Oil adjuvanted vaccines were more efficient to induce antibody titers compared to Al(OH)3-based vaccines. In addition, between the oil adjuvanted vaccines, the titers of neutralizing antibodies obtained by Montanide® ISA 206 formulation were significantly higher than in Montanide® ISA 50 (p < 0.05). Post-vaccinal neutralizing antibodies were detected in the first sampling at 21st day and lasted longer than a 111 days period. The highest antibody response in Guinea pigs was for the strain TR-15. The availability of using BVDV-lf, 1l, and 2b local strains in vaccines and their effectiveness against homologous and heterologous strains have been demonstrated.
Saprolegnia infection and clinical findings in trout farms (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Technical note
(Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, 2024) Özcan, Filiz
The spread of Saprolegnia spp. can increase mortality rates in fish farms, the surrounding environment and natural populations; therefore, detailed surveys to track the spread of pathogenic Saprolegnia and their distribution from fish farms to the natural environment are critical and should be conducted regularly. In this study, Saprolegnia spp. were detected in fish samples collected from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) farms in the Southeast Anatolian region. 40 trout farms in different provinces of the region were visited and 1000 samples were examined. 25 fish with an average live weight of 100–150 g were collected from each farm and the clinical picture was established after macroscopic examination of the fish samples in the laboratory. In order to detect and identify Saprolegniagrowth in the culture environment, the fungus was grown by seeding on Anacker–Ordal (AO) 18°C agar for 5–7 days. As a result of the research, erosion, ulcer formation, increased mucus and fungus (Saprolegnia spp.) were detected in 798 skin samples. Anaemia in the gills, anaemia, hyperemia, oedema in the secondary lamellae and fungus (Saprolegnia spp.) were found in 341 samples. As a result, Saprolegnia spp. was found in farms located in this region. It has been established that in order to protect themselves from this infection, farms in the region must take care not to damage the fish bodies, remove dead and sick fish, not leave excess feed, avoid mechanical damage, pay attention to the deterioration of the mucoid layer, minimise stress factors by avoiding excessive stocking.
Determination of serogroup and lytic activities of bacteriophages isolated from phage plaques in Staphylococcus aureus cultures identified from sheep milk with mastitis
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2024) Gürbilek, Sevil Erdenliğ; Arserim, Neval Berrin; Tel, Osman Yaşar; Sertkaya, Zeynep Tuğçe; Keskin, Oktay
Backgorund: Bacteriophages are closely related to the evolution and virulence of some important bacterial pathogens. Due to their highly significant roles in pathogenesis and virulence, S. aureus bacteriophages are frequently studied. Bacteriophages are grouped into two main categories depending on their life cycles. There are highly consistently lytic phages (virulent) and temperate phages. This study aimed to isolate bacteriophages and determine their phage serogroups from phage plaques in S. aureus cultures in order to show if they are lytic or lysogenic, the latter plays a major role in horizontal gene transfer. Methods: A total of 234 S. aureus isolates were recovered from milk samples from cases with gangrenous mastitis in sheep. Staphylococcal phages are determined based on the type and serogroup by PCR using specific primers. Result: Our study allowed us to determine serogroups of the isolated bacteriophages. Two phage stock samples included only one serogroup while the others included more than one phage serotypes and needed further purification Fa, L and D serogroups were not determined in the study. Present work revealed that all the isolated phages were temperate phages, which play a highly significant role in horizontal gene transfer.
Adverse effects of metamizole on heart, lung, liver, kidney, and stomach in rats
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2024) Çiftel, Sedat; Süleyman, Bahadır; Mammadov, Renad; Coşkun, Reşit; Çoban, Taha Abdülkadir; Mokhtare, Behzad; Süleyman, Hali̇s
Background: Metamizole is banned in some countries because of its toxicity, although it is widely used in some European countries. In addition, there is limited information on its safety profile, and it is still debated whether it is toxic to the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, and stomach. Aims: Our study investigated the effects of metamizole on the heart, lung, liver, kidney, and stomach tissues of rats. Methods: Eighteen rats were divided into three groups, wassix healthy (HG), 500 mg/kg metamizole (MT-500), and 1000 mg/kg metamizole (MT-1000). Metamizole was administered orally twice daily for 14 days. Meanwhile, the HG group received pure water orally. Biochemical, histopathologic, and macroscopic examinations were performed on blood samples and tissues. Results: Malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (tGSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in the lung and gastric tissues of MT-500 and MT-1000 groups were almost the same as those of the HG (p > 0.05). However, MDA levels in the heart and liver tissues of MT-500 and MT-1000 groups were higher (p < 0.05) compared to the HG, while tGSH levels and SOD, and CAT activities were lower (p < 0.05). MDA levels of MT-500 and MT-1000 groups in the kidney tissue increased the most (p < 0.001), and tGSH levels and SOD and CAT activities decreased the most (p < 0.001) compared to HG. Metamizole did not cause oxidative damage in the lung and gastric tissue. While metamizole did not change troponin levels, it significantly increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels compared to HG. Histopathologically, mild damage was detected in heart tissue, moderate damage in liver tissue, and severe damage in renal tissue. However, no histopathologic damage was found in any groups’ lung and gastric tissues. Conclusion: Metamizole should be used under strict control in patients with cardiac and liver diseases and it would be more appropriate not to use it in patients with renal disease.
Interaction of betacoronavirus and S. aureus with boron nitride nanoparticles (BNNPs)
(2023) Ateş, Özer; Üreyen, Mustafa Erdem; Yeşilbağ, Kadir; Yaman, Belma Nural; Aytoğu, Gizem; Göncü, Yapıncak; Kadiroğlu, Berfin
Investigations on advance effects of boron-containing compounds have gained attention the last decade. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles (BNNPs) on Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) by different methods. First, biological effects of different BNNPs concentrations lower than 0.5 mg/mL examined on HRT-18 (Human Rectal Tumor) for 5 days. Different concentrations of hBN mixed with BCoV in liquid, on membrane or directly on cells and examined for differences of titers or replications. And also Bacterial Filtration Efficiency (BFE) test of hBN powders coated on polypropylene fabric by spray method was applied against S. aureus. The compound was found slightly toxic on the HRT-18 cell line by live cell counting, while no remarkable morphological difference was observed. BNNPs treatment with 0.025 or 0.3mg/mL concentrations did not reduce the infective titer and create no inhibitory effect on in vitro replication. Stability of virus titer after treatment of BNNPs coated fabric also indicated no antiviral efficiency. But hBN applied fabric formed a barrier of ?90.3%, while non hBN applied fabric formed ?64.6% barrier. The present study demonstrate that, BNNPs alone is not a good candidate for disinfectant or drug for BCoVs, while it could be valuable to use as coated fabric in the areas needing easy sanitation especially for S. aureus.
Rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles with Rheum ribes L Fruit Peels: Anticancer and antimicrobial effects with biocompatible structures
(Ankara University, 2024) Zor, Murat; Baran, Mehmet Fırat; İpek, Duygu Neval Sayın
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are substances with a wide range of uses. Utilizing extracts obtained from the peels of Rheum ribes L. (Rr) fruit growing in Erzurum region, silver nanoparticles were rapidly created in this study with a quick, easy, and environmentally friendly technique without harmful processes. In order to evaluate the attributes of the synthesized Rr-AgNPs, FE-SEM or TEM micrographs were utilized to characterize their morphology. A UV-visible spectrophotometer was used to assess the highest absorbance bands of RR-AgNPs. These data were used to define RR-AgNPs, which were characterized as having exclusively negative surface charges of -25 mV, spherical shape, maximum absorbance at 428 nm wavelength, and 96 nm size distribution. The effectiveness of the produced AgNPs for use in medical applications was assessed using the MTT technique with microdilution. Minimum inhibition concentrations of Rr-AgNPs for pathogen strains ranged from 0.03 to 0.50 mg/L. Additionally, it was discovered that AgNPs effectively suppressed malignant cells, with rates of 86.27%, 74.67%, and 73.49%, in the investigation of the anticancer effects of AgNPs. Healthy cells were not subject to any inhibitory effects at the same concentrations. © 2024, Ankara University. All rights reserved.
Harnessing silk fibroin microparticles for metformin delivery: A novel approach to treating corneal neovascularization
(Editions de Sante, 2024) Polat, Heybet Kerem; Aytekin, Eren; Karakuyu, Nasıf Fatih; Çaylı, Yağmur Akdağ; Çalamak, Semih; Demirci, Nazire; Mokhtare, Behzad
Corneal neovascularization (CV) poses significant challenges in ophthalmology, often leading to impaired vision and discomfort. Silk fibroin microparticles have emerged as promising candidates for drug delivery applications, owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and controlled release characteristics. In the current research, metformin-loaded silk microparticles were developed, and their potential for treating corneal neovascularization was evaluated. Silk microparticles were prepared using silk fibroin and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) at various weight ratios, facilitating phase separation to create a porous structure conducive to drug loading. Metformin (MT), a widely used antidiabetic agent with potential anti-angiogenic properties, was incorporated into the silk microparticles at different concentrations. The formulation termed TB (0.3 % MT loaded Microparticles) emerged as the most promising candidate was identified through comprehensive in vitro evaluations. In in vitro cytotoxicity studies, it was determined that all formulations provided cell viability above 80%, however, in permeability studies and encapsulation efficiency studies, TB was determined to be more effective than other formulations. TB demonstrated a particle size of approximately 8.9 ± 3.6 ?m and an encapsulation efficiency of 96.3 ± 2.1%. In vitro release studies revealed that TB exhibited a burst release of 62% within the initial two days, followed by sustained release over a period of 14 days, consistent with Peppas-Sahlin kinetics. Mathematical modeling further corroborated the diffusion mechanism underlying drug release from TB microparticles. In vivo studies on rats and histochemical analyzes on corneas showed that TB exhibited efficacy comparable to dexamethasone, a standard treatment for CV, despite being administered once daily. Histological analyses of corneal tissues revealed reduced neovascularization and inflammation in the TB-treated group, underscoring its therapeutic potential. Overall, our findings highlight the promise of metformin-loaded silk fibroin microparticles as a novel therapeutic approach for managing CV, offering sustained drug release and enhanced efficacy in treating this challenging ocular condition. © 2024
Protective effect of intravesical platelet-rich plasma on cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis
(Canadian Soc Clinical Investigation, 2016) Özyuvalı, Ekrem; Yıldırım, Mehmet Erol; Yaman, Turan; Kösem, Bahadır; Atlı, O.; Çimentepe, Ersin
Purpose: Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is the most common urotoxic side effect of cyclophosphamide (CYP). Platelet rich plasma (PRP) plays an important role in wound healing and inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of intravesical PRP at treatment of interstitial cystitis (IC). Material-Methods: Female rats (n=24) were used. IC was induced by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CYP). Rats were randomly allocated to one of four groups (n = 6 per group): a control group; a sham group with saline (75 mg/kg; i.p.) instead of CYP on day 1; a IC group, which was injected with CYP (150 mg/kg; i.p.) on day 1; and, a intravesical PRP-treated group which was injected with CYP (150 mg/kg; i.p.) on day 1. On day 2, the rats in each group were sacrificed under anesthesia. Results: Histological evaluation showed that bladder inflammation in CYP-treated rats was not suppressed by PRP. CYP administration induced severe IC with marked edema, hemorrhage and inflammation in CYP and CYP+PRP groups, but PRP was not found to be effective to decrease these effects. Conclusion: The application of PRP could not reverse the histopathological changes in rats that had interstitial cystitis due to the cyclophosphamide injection.
First detection of Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia canis, and Anaplasma ovis in Rhipicephalus bursa ticks collected from sheep, Turkey
(Polska Akad Nauk, Polish Acad Sciences, Univ Warmia & Mazury Olsztyn, 2024) Ayan, Adnan; Çelik, Burçak Aslan; Çelik, Özgür Yaşar; Kılınç, Özlem Orunç; Akyıldız, Gürkan; Yılmaz, Ali Bilgin; İpek, Duygu Neval Sayın
Anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis are important tick -borne rickettsial diseases of medical and veterinary importance that cause economic losses in livestock. In this study, the prevalence of Anaplasma ovis, Ehrlichia canis and Ehrlichia chaffeensis was investigated in ticks collected from sheep in various farms in Van province, which is located in the Eastern Anatolian Region of Turkey. The ticks used in this study were collected by random sampling in 26 family farm business in 13 districts of Van province. A total of 688 ticks were collected from 88 sheep and 88 tick pools were created. All ticks identified morphologically as Rhipicephalus bursa. Phylogenetic analysis of Chaperonin and 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed A. ovis, E. canis and E. chaffeensis in this study. Of the 88 tick pools tested, 28.41% (25/88) were positive for at least one pathogen. Anaplasma DNA was detected in five of the 88 pools (5.68%), E. canis DNA was detected in 19 of the 88 pools (21.59%), and E. chaffeensis DNA was detected in one of the 88 pools (1.14%) of R. bursa ticks. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the presence of A. ovis, E. canis, and E. chaffeensis in R. bursa ticks collected from sheep in Turkey. Further studies are needed to investigate other co -infections in sheep in Turkey.
Development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography method for determination of cefquinome concentrations in sheep plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic studies
(2011) Üney, Kamil; Altan, Feray; Elmas, Muammer
Cefquinome has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and was developed especially for use in animals. A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with UV-visible detection for quantification of cefquinome concentrations in sheep plasma was developed and validated. Separation of cefquinome from plasma components was achieved on a Phenomenex Gemini C 18 column (250 mm by 4.6 mm; internal diameter [i.d.], 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in water and was delivered at a rate of 0.9 ml/min. A simple and rapid sample preparation involved the addition of methanol to 200 μl of plasma to precipitate plasma proteins followed by direct injection of 50 μl of supernatant into the high-performance liquid chromatography system. The linearity range of the proposed method was 0.02 to 12 μg/ml. The intraday and interday coefficients of variation obtained from cefquinome were less than 5%, and biases ranged from -3.76% to 1.24%. Mean recovery based on low-, medium-, and high-quality control standards ranged between 92.0 and 93.9%. Plasma samples were found to be stable in various storage conditions (freeze-thaw, postpreparative, short-term, and long-term stability). The method described was found to be readily available, practicable, cheap, rapid, sensitive, precise, and accurate. It was successfully applied to the study of the pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in sheep. This method can be very useful and an alternate to performing pharmacokinetic studies in the determination of cefquinome for clinical use.
Pathogenicity assessment of a bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1l (BVDV-1l) strain in experimentally infected calves
(2024) Yeşilbağ, Kadir; Aytoğu, Gizem; Kadiroğlu, Berfin; Ateş, Özer; Toker, Eda Baldan; Yaşar, Mevlüt
Bovine viral diarrhea is a widespread and economically important viral disease for livestock which can cause clinically diverse manifestations. The number of established BVDV subgenotypes has increased, not only the serological relationships of recently described subgenotypes but virulence and pathogenic characteristics have not yet been mostly elaborated. The dominant BVDV subgenotype in Turkiye was elaborated to be BVDV-1l, that involves more than half of field strains and there is no scientific data to identify the pathogenicity of this strain so far. This study investigated the pathogenicity of a selected field strain (TR-72) from subgenotype BVDV-1l. Experimental infection was implemented by intranasal inoculation of the strain TR-72 (10 ×105.5) to four young calves which were previously not vaccinated and were free both for BVDV antibodies and antigens. Clinical changes as well as blood parameters, body temperature, and viremia were monitored for 14 days. Only mild clinical signs associated with respiratory signs of BVDV infection were observed. Detected clinical signs included nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, cough, fatigue, high rectal temperature reaching 40.7 ℃, and white blood cell counts depression started from the 2nd day and 40.4% decreased between the 12th and 14th days post-infection (poi). The presence of viremia was investigated by virus isolation, RT-PCR, and real-time RT-PCR from blood samples. The efficiency of experimental infection was established not only by observed clinical signs but also by virus isolation from blood leukocytes between the 5th and 8th days poi., virus detection was obtained by real-time PCR between the 3rd - 13th days poi. Besides, the recorded mild clinical signs, high fever, long duration of viremia , and high decrease in blood parameters obtained in this study, it was shown that the noncytopathogenic BVDV-1l strain TR-72 has a moderate virulence in naïve cattle.
Occurrence and molecular characterization of cryptosporidium spp. and giardia duodenalis in lambs and calves in Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey
(National Information and Documentation Centre, 2024) İpek, Duygu Neval Sayın; Sarı, Barış
Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are parasitic protozoa that can infect various hosts, including humans, domestic animals, and wild animals, making them significant from medical and veterinary perspectives. These protozoa are prevalent in cattle and sheep globally, particularly affecting newborn lambs and calves. This study assessed the occurrence and genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis in asymptomatic lambs and calves under three months in Southeast Türkiye. Fecal samples were collected from 124 animals (69 lambs and 55 calves). A direct immunofluorescence test was used to confirm the presence of G. duodenalis cysts and Cryptosporium spp. oocysts. Molecular confirmation was done with Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using G. duodenalis SSUrRNA and Cryptosporidium spp. SSUrRNA gene. Microscopic analysis of fecal samples, 17.4% and 43.5% of the 69 lambs, 25.5% and 21.8% of the 55 calves in the study were found to be shedding Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis oocysts/cysts, respectively. Molecular analysis identified Cryptosporidium species as C. parvum, C. xiaoi, and C. ubiquitum in lambs and C. parvum, C. bovis, and C. ryanae in calves. Assemblages A and E from genotype of G. duodenalis were detected in both lambs and calves. The detection of species and genotypes with zoonotic characteristics in asymptomatic lambs and kids concluded that the Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis oocysts/cysts shed by lams and calves are important for animal and human health.
Effects of dietary lipase supplementation on digestive enzyme activity and growth metrics of juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.)
(Academic Publishing House, 2022) Özcan, Filiz; Taşbozan, Oǧuz
This study investigated the effects of exogenous lipase supplementation on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and body chemical composition of Sparus aurata L. A total of 840 Sparus aurata (7.72 ± 0.05 g) were fed eight diets for 60 days. Diets were coded Group 1: Control 1 (G1–14% Lipid); Group 2: Control 2 (G2–22% Lipid); Group 3: 14% Lipid + 0.5 g lipase (G3– 0.5 g/kg); Group 4: 14% lipid + 1.0 g lipase (G4–1 g/kg); Group 5: 14% Lipid + 1.5 g lipase (G5–1.5 g/kg); Group 6: 22% lipid + 0.5 g lipase (G6–0.5 g/kg); Group 7: 22% Lipid + 1.0 g lipase (G7—1 g/kg) and Group 8: 22% Lipid + 1.5 g lipase (G8–1.5 g/kg). There were 8 dietary treatments that included a protein and lipid diet containing (14% and 22%), crude protein (50%) and supplemented with graded levels of exogenous lipase supplementation activity at 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 g/kg diet. As a result of the study, G3 group was better in the final weight (64.42 ± 1.06 g), the specific growth rate (3.55 ± 0.01) and the feed conversion rate (1.20 ± 0.18) compared to other groups (P <0.05). Protease, trypsin and alkaline phosphatase activity support growth and their activity increased during the trial. As regards amylase, lipase and aminopeptidase, a decrease in their activity was detected during the research.
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter cryaerophilus isolated from buffalo milk with subclinical mastitis: A different approach
(Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 2022) Altan, Feray; Alp, Simten Yeşilmen
The aim of to our study was the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of nine antimicrobials in current use and three potentially new alternatives against Arcobacter spp. isolated from dairy buffalos with subclinical mastitis, and to evaluate these parameters instead of pharmacokinetic parameters. The Arcobacter spp. isolates were isolated from milk samples collected from dairy buffalos with subclinical mastitis. The susceptibility of Arcobacterspp. strains to antimicrobials were performed according to the guidelines by the NCCLS. The MIC value of vancomycin, erythromycin and tetracycline were not determined, and MIC value of ceftiofur, spiramycin and gentamicin have showed wide variations for isolated strains. However, cefquinome, tylosin, enrofloxacin and florfenicol were determined the best-performing agents against these strains. Antibiotics show concentration and time dependent killing, and studies have demonstrated the AUC/MIC, Cmax/MIC and t MIC ratios to be the best diviner of antibacterial effect. In the present study, based on the MIC values determined for selected antimicrobial agents, and pharmacokinetic parameters, amoxicillin, ceftiofur, cefquinome, enrofloxacin and florfenicol may be appropriate for the treatment of mastitis infections caused by susceptible Arcobacter spp. in buffalos.
Determination of digestive enzyme activity in gilt-head sea bream (sparus aurata ) feeding with commercial feed
(Hasan ÖNDER, 2022) Özcan, Filiz
With the increase in the world population, aquaculture has a very important place in meeting the protein needs of humanity. Today, fish farming is developing rapidly depending on the increase in demand. Fish is one of the most important foodstuffs for human nutrition. Studies on the quality and characteristics of the feeds used gain importance with the increase in the knowledge about the nutrient sources of fish. It is known that there is a linear correlation between growth, productivity and feed efficiency in fish like another animal. At this point, the correct and effective use of feed, which is the most important input in production, is very important in terms of increasing the yield and product quality to be obtained from the product and reducing production costs. The identification of digestive enzyme activities is important in developing new feeding regimens and in ensuring optimal growing conditions. As most enzymes regulate the events of viability, the increase or decrease in their activity causes the degradation of the normal functions of fish and diseases in fishes. In this study, body weight and changes in digestive enzyme activity were investigated in sea bream feeding with commercial feed. For this purpose, a total of 3000 juveniles with an initial mean weight (IW) of 2.72±0.78 g were divided into 4 tanks (2000 L). After the six weeks final weight was 7.75 ± 0.67 at the end of experiment. While trypsin activity was increased until the end of the experiment, amylase activity was decreased. On the other hand, small decreases in lipase activity were observed throughout the experiment.
Etanersept - endotoksemi tedavisinde kullanılabilir mi?
(Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2013) Er, Ayşe; Dik, Burak; Çetin, Gül; Altan, Feray; Üney, Kamil; Elmas, Muammer; Yazar, Enver
Araştırmanın amacı endotoksemide etanersept uygulamasının kan sitokinler, fibrinojen, antitrombin, 13,14-dihidro-15-keto prostaglandin F2α ve biyokimyasal parametrelere etkisini araştırmaktır. Erişkin 126 adet Sprague Dawley ırkı erkek rat 3 gruba ayrılarak; 1. Gruba lipopolisakkarit (4 mg, IP), 2. Gruba etanersept (8 mg/kg, IP) ve 3. Gruba lipopolisakkarit + etanersept uygulamaları yapıldı. Uygulamalardan sonra 0., 1., 2., 4., 8., 12. ve 24. saatlerde kan örnekleri alındı. Serum tümör nekrozis faktör-α, interlöykin-1β, interlöykin-10 ve plazma 13,14-dihidro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2α düzeyleri ELISA okuyucusunda; sitratlı plazma antitrombin ve fibrinojen düzeyleri koagulometrede; serum biyokimyasal parametreleri otoanalizörde belirlendi. Etanerseptin fibrinojen düzeyinde düzensiz değişimlere ve 13,14-dihidro15-keto-prostaglandin F2α, alkalen fosfataz ile alanin aminotransferaz düzeyinde yükselmelere neden olduğu belirlendi. Lipopolisakkarit uygulaması sitokinler, 13,14-dihidro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2α, fibrinojen, organ hasar belirteçleri ve trigliserit düzeylerinde yükselmelere neden olurken, antitrombin seviyesinde düzensiz değişimlere neden oldu. Lipopolisakkarit + etanersept uygulanan grupta sitokinler, 13,14-dihidro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2α ve fibrinojen düzeyinde yükselmeler, antirombin düzeyinde düzensiz değişimler gözlendi. Lipopolisakkarit uygulaması ile yükselen kreatin kinaz-MB düzeyinin etanersept tarafından tamamen, tümör nekrozis faktör-α yükselmesinin kısmen engellendiği ancak kanda kalış süresini uzattığı ve interlöykin-10 düzeyini daha fazla yükselttiği belirlendi. Sonuç olarak endotoksemide etanerseptin kalp üzerindeki koruyucu etkisi ve interlöykin-10 düzeyini yükseltmesi nedeni ile tek doz uygulamasının veteriner sahada faydalı olabileceği belirlendi.
Effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester, ellagic acid, sulforaphane and curcumin on diazinon induced damage to the lungs, liver and kidneys in an acute toxicity rat model
(Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2011) Alp, Harun; Aytekin, İsmail; Esen, Hasan; Başaralı, Kemal; Kul, Seval
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), ellagic acid (EA), sulforaphane (SFN) and curcumin (CUR) against the toxic effects of diazinon (DI). Sixty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 10 groups. Five groups were allocated as control groups comprising unmedicated control, CAPE, EA, SFN and CUR control groups. The remaining five groups were the study groups comprising DI, DI + CAPE, DI + EA, DI + SFN, and DI + CUR groups. The animals were sacrified 24 h after drug administrations. DI caused a decrease in acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity (P<0.05) and increases in γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and amylase activities. It also damaged the kidney, liver, and lung tissues. The negative effects of DI on these enzymes were confirmed histopathologically. Also, CAPE, EA, SFN and CUR reduced amylase and GGT activities and caused an increase in the AChE activities that were increased due to the toxic effects of DI. Thus, it was determined biochemically and histopathologically that these medication reduced the degenerative toxic effects created by DI in the lung, liver and kidney tissues. These findings led us to believe that CAPE, EA, SFN and CUR may be used as protective medicines in acute DI intoxication.
Fungal diseases in fish
(Hasan ÖNDER, 2022) Özcan, Filiz; Arserim, Neval Berrin
Fungal diseases of fish have become increasingly important, over the past 20 years. The traditional ‘‘fungi’’ are comprised of members from several different taxonomic kingdoms. An increasing number of other environmental fungi are being reported from diseased fish, further testament to the opportunistic nature of many fungi. Active fungal agents living in waters cause infections in juvenile and adult individuals in fish populations, leading to decay in eggs and larvae. Fungal infections that are generally observed as a secondary infection in fish populations become established in lesions caused as a result of mechanical injury by bacterial, viral, and parasitic primary agents, consequently causing a change in the prognosis of the disease. Fungi, however, can cause disease under a variety of other circumstances. Some may be more aggressive and play a more primary role. Fungi can be external or internal, and systemic. Fungi can cause problems during reproduction, for example, by infecting fertilized eggs in spawns. Certain species of fungi can grow in poorly stored feeds and produce mycotoxins. Fungal diseases, in general, are very difficult to control or treat once they have taken hold. Prevention is, as always, the best medicine. Increased knowledge of basic biology will help guide treatment and control methods. This review study sought to provide insights into the fungal diseases of wild or farmed fish introduced onto the market
Culture- and polymerase chain reaction-based detection of flavobacterium psychrophilum in naturally infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss Walbaum, 1792) from trout farms
(Hasan ÖNDER, 2023) Özcan, Filiz; Arserim, Neval Berrin; Ketani, M. Aydın; Aydın, Kasım; Sever, Nurdan Karacan; Özcan, Nida; Çelik, Burçak Aslan
The present study aimed to detect Flavobacterium psychrophilum in fish samples collected from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum 1792) farms in the Southeastern Anatolia region of Türkiye by means of bacteriological culture and polymerase chain reaction and to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility of the causative bacteria. A total of 40 trout farms located in Diyarbakır, Adıyaman, Şanlıurfa, and Batman provinces were visited, and 1200 samples were examined. During January and February 30 fish with an average live weight of 200–250 g were collected from each farm. Samples were obtained from the liver, spleen, kidneys, and tissues following macroscopic laboratory examination of the specimens. Antibiotic treatment is the treatment of choice owing to the lack of an effective vaccine in the control of the disease. Therefore, it is important to rapidly identify the bacterial species and investigate its susceptibility to antibiotics. In this study, the causative bacteria were detected in 5 out of 40 farms. The causative bacteria infected the liver, kidney, and tissues. The sensitivity of Enrofloxacin (5 microgram (µg)), Florfenicol (30µg), Neomycin (5µg), Amoxicillin (25µg), Oxytetracycline (30µg), Erythromycin (10µg), Gentamycin (5µg), Streptomycin (5µg) and Nalidixic acid (10µg) were defined at chancing ratios. In conclusion, these bacteria were detected in regional farms, which should minimize the stress factors by avoiding overstocking and following the required hygiene rules.
Effects of BCRP and P-gp modulators on the penetration of aflatoxin B1 into the mouse brain
(Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2017) Traş, Bünyamin; Çetin, Gül; Üney, Kamil; Çorum, Orhan; Atalay, Sema; Dik, Burak
This study was conducted to determine whether the plasma and brain concentrations of AFB1 are affected by the modulation of P-gp and BCRP using zosuquidar (ZQR) and prazosin (PRZ), respectively. In this study, a total of 40 healthy adult male BALB/c mice (32±3.7 g) were used. The animals were randomly divided into 5 groups, with 8 animals per group. Group 1 was used for method validation. Group 2 (AF) received intraperitoneal AFB1 at a dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight. Groups 3 (AF+PRZ), 4 (AF+ZQR), and 5 (AF+PRZ+ZQR) received 20 mg/kg of AFB1 intraperitoneally 30 min after the intraperitoneal administration of prazosin (0.3 mg/kg), zosuquidar (25 mg/kg), and prazosin+zosuquidar (0.3 mg/kg prazosin + 25 mg/kg zosuquidar), respectively. Six hours after the administration of AFB1, blood and brain samples were collected from the animals in Groups 2 to 5. AFB1 concentrations were determined using an HPLC system with fluorescence detection. Individual and simultaneous administration of prazosin and zosuquidar significantly reduced the brain concentrations of AFB1 in comparison to a single administration of AFB1 (P<0.05). The brain/plasma ratio of the AF group was higher than that of the other groups (AF+PRZ, AF+ZQR, and AF+PRZ+ZQR) (P<0.05). Inducers of transmembrane proteins, especially BCRP, can be life saving during acute AFB1 poisoning.

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