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Öğe Chemical characterization, anti-oxidant and anti-enzymatic properties of extracts from two Silene species: A focus on different plant parts and extraction methods(Elsevier Ltd., 2022) Aygün, Rabia Betül; Zengin, Gökhan; Yıldıztugay, Evren; Jugreet, Sharmeen; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Mahomoodally, Fawzi MohamadIn this study, aerial part and root extracts of two Silene species, S. caramanica and S. otites obtained by five extraction methods (homogenizer assisted, maceration, Soxhlet, and ultrasound assisted extractions and infusion) were screened for their phytochemical contents, antioxidant and anti-enzymatic properties. Spectrophotometric assays revealed the extracts to possess total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the range of 13.28–47.18 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry extract and 0.22–42.56 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g dry extract, respectively for S. caramanica and 13.97–21.35 mg GAE/g and 0.40–42.87 mg RE/g, respectively for S. otites. The aerial part extracts obtained by homogenizer assisted extraction of both plants were found to yield the highest phytochemical contents compared to the other extracts. HPLC analysis revealed quinic acid to be present in the highest quantity in the extracts. In DPPH and ABTS assays, the extracts demonstrated the highest free radical scavenging property (14.22–48.25 and 24.88–107.60 mg trolox equivalent (TE)/g dry extract, respectively), reducing activity in CUPRAC and FRAP assays (38.60–175.85 and 31.43–108.72 mg TE/g dry extract, respectively). While all extracts exhibited anti-acetylcholinesterase (0.69–2.56 mg galantamine equivalent (GALE)/g dry extract), anti-butyrylcholinesterase (0.80–2.50 mg GALE/g dry extract) activity displayed by only the aerial part/Soxhlet extract of S. caramanica, all root extracts of S. caramanica, and all the extracts of S. otites except their infusion extracts (0.80–2.50 mg GALAE/g dry extract). The extracts were also found to inhibit tyrosinase (2.36–20.95 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE)/g dry extract), alpha-amylase (0.11–0.46 mmol acarbose equivalent (ACAE)/g dry extract), and with the exception of the root/infusion extracts, were also found to act as inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase (0.03–0.41 mmol ACAE/g dry extract). Taken together, this study revealed these two Silene species to act as antioxidants and enzyme inhibitors and the findings are in favor for more advanced studies to be carried out to confirm their pharmacological properties.Öğe Chemical composition and pharmacological evaluation and of Ttddalia asiatica (Rutaceae) extracts and essential oil by in vitro and in silico approaches(Wiley-V C H Verlag GMBH, 2021) Lobine, Devina; Pairyanen, Bryan; Zengin, Gökhan; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Ouelbani, Rayene; Bensari, Souheir; Ak, Güneş; Abdallah, Hassan H.; Imran, Muhammad; Mahomoodally, Mohamad FawziToddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. is extensively used in traditional medicinal systems by various cultures. Despite its frequent use in traditional medicine, there is still a paucity of scientific information on T. asiatica growing on the tropical island of Mauritius. Therefore, the present study was designed to appraise the pharmacological and phytochemical profile of extracts (methanol, ethyl acetate and water) and essential oil obtained from aerial parts of T. asiatica. Biological investigation involved the evaluation of in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potentials. The chemical profile of the EO was determined using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis, while for the extracts, the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content were quantified as well as their individual phenolic compounds by LC/MS/MS. Quinic acid, fumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, quercitrin and isoquercitrin were the main compounds in the extracts. Highest total phenolic (82.5 +/- 0.94 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE/g)) and flavonoid (43.8 +/- 0.31 mg rutin equivalent (RE/g)) content were observed for the methanol extract. The GC/MS analysis has shown the presence of 26 compounds with linalool (30.9 %), linalyl acetate (20.9 %) and beta-phellandrene (7.9 %) being most abundant components in the EO. The extracts and EO showed notable antioxidant properties, with the methanol extract proved to be superior source of antioxidant compounds. Noteworthy anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and anti-butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) effects were recorded for the tested samples, while only the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts were active against tyrosinase. With respect to antidiabetic effects, the extracts and EO were potent inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase, while modest activity was recorded against alpha-amylase. Docking results showed that linalyl acetate has the highest affinity to interact with the active site of BChE with docking score of -6.25 kcal/mol. The findings amassed herein act as a stimulus for further investigations of this plant as a potential source of bioactive compounds which can be exploited as phyto-therapeutics.Öğe Chemical profile, antioxidant properties and enzyme inhibitory effects of the root extracts of selected Potentilla species(Elsevier B.V., 2019) Uysal, Şengül; Zengin, Gökhan; Mahomoodally, Fawzi M.; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Aktümsek, AbdurrahmanPlants from the genus Potentilla have been traditionally used for therapeutic purposes in Turkey. Methanol root extracts from four selected Potentilla species (P. anatolica, P. argentea, P. recta, and P. reptans) were probed for their chemical composition, antioxidant properties (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelating activity), and enzyme (acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and tyrosinase) inhibition effects. In addition, the total phenolic, flavonoid, saponin, and triterpenoid content of the extracts were determined. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis revealed that the main phenolic components in extracts were coumarin, hesperidin, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, and rutin. P. recta and P. reptans showed the highest total phenolic, saponin, and triterpenoid content. The root extracts showed significant antioxidant properties and depicted significant inhibitory effects against AChE, BChE, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and tyrosinase. In conclusion, root extracts of Potentilla may be considered as new natural antioxidants and key enzyme inhibitors that can be exploited as bioproducts for pharmaceutical industriesÖğe A comparative bio-evaluation and chemical profiles of Calendula officinalis L. extracts prepared via different extraction techniques(MDPI AG, 2020) Ak, Guneş; Zengin, Gökhan; Kouadio İbrahime, Sinan; Mahomoodally, Fawzi M.; Picot-Allain, Marie Carene Nancy; Çakır, Oğuz; Bensari, Souheir; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Gallo, Monica; Montesano, DomenicoCalendula officinalis L., (marigold), well known for its medicinal properties, has been extensively studied for its therapeutic properties. Nonetheless, as far as the literature could establish, no study has attempted to comparatively assess the biological (antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential) of the flowers, leaves, and roots of C. officinalis extracted using conventional (maceration and Soxhlet extraction (SE)) and non-conventional extraction (homogenizer (HAE) and ultrasound (UAE) assisted extraction) techniques. The detailed phytochemical profile of each extract along with the concentration of specific bioactive compounds has also been established. Total phenolic content was highest for the flower extracts while flavonoid content was highest in the leaf extracts. Phytochemical profiling showed that the extraction method influenced the phytochemical composition of the extract. Nicotiflorin was identified in the flower extracts only while amentoflavone occurred only in the roots, inferring that the occurrence of bioactive compounds varies within a plant. The flower extracts showed highest antioxidant potential while the roots extracts were potent inhibitors of cholinesterase and tyrosinase. This study provides valuable data on the influence of extraction techniques on the recovery of bioactive compounds from plants. In an endeavor to scale-up extraction from plant considering the more efficient extraction method is of paramount importance. Moreover, the study highlighted the necessity to thoroughly examine the biological activities of various parts of a plant obtained via different extraction protocols.Öğe Comprehensive analysis of an uninvestigated wild edible medicinal garlic species from Turkey: Allium macrochaetum Boiss. & Hausskn.(Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2019) Kayıran, Serpil Demirci; Özkan, Esra Eroğlu; Kara, Emel Mataracı; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Zengin, Gökhan; Boğa, MehmetThe study was aimed to investigate the phenolic compounds of Allium macrochaetum by LC-MS/MS, as well as the antioxidant, antialzheimer, and antimicrobial activities of the extracts, and determination of the essential oil and fatty acid compositions by GC-MS. The results indicate that malic acid and t-caffeic acid are the major compounds in the bulbs. The main components of fatty acids were found to be linolenic (40.72%), oleic (19.79%), and palmitic (18.45%) acids. The allyl disulfide (66.97%) was found as major compound in the essential oil. The ethanol extract of the bulbs exhibited stronger ABTS cation (IC50: 55.90 ± 1.08 µg/ml) and DPPH free (IC50: 204.43 ± 2.17 µg/ml) radical scavenging activities than the other extracts. The extract also showed moderate cupric reducing activity with 1.52 absorbance at 100 µg/ml concentration. Only the ethanol extract of the bulbs showed weak inhibition (23.34 ± 0.11%) against butrylcholinesterase enzyme at 200 µg/ml. Practical applications: Allium macrochaetum is a wild and edible garlic species which grown in Turkey, Iran, Iraqi, and Syria. A. macrochaetum has been used by local people in Turkish folk medicine as an antibiotic, and for the treatment of alopecia. The health benefits and nutritional values of A. macrochaetum were clarified in the first time. Phenolic compounds of A. macrochaetum were detected by LC-MS/MS. The essential oil and fatty acid compositions of A. macrochaetum were identified by GC-MS. Antioxidant, antialzheimer, and antimicrobial activities potential of A. macrochaetum were determined.Öğe A comprehensive evaluation of the chemical profiles and biological properties of six geophytes from Turkey: Sources of bioactive compounds for novel nutraceuticals(Elsevier, 2021) Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Zengin, Gökhan; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Yıldıztugay, Evren; Lobine, Devina; Ouelbani, Rayene; Bensari, Souheir; Ak, Güneş; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Gallo, Monica; Montesano, DomenicoGeophytes are gaining interest as sources of natural ingredients in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical area. In this sense, six bulbous plant species from Turkey are investigated, namely Hyacinthella campanulata K.Perss. & Wendelbo, Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Ten., Tulipa humilis herb., Iris stenophylla Hausskn. ex Baker, Galanthus elwesii Hook. f. and Crocus danfordiae Maw. with the aim to highlight their chemical compositions and biological properties. Polyphenolic profiles of the different plant parts (flower, bulb and leaf) of the six genotypes were evaluated using colorimetric methods as well LC-MS/MS. The antioxidant properties and enzymes inhibitory potential (alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, tyrosinase and cholinesterases) of the extracts were determined. Overall, highest total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were observed in the leaf extracts of the studied species, except for M. neglectum (flower extract) and T. humilis (flower extract). LC-MS/MS analysis revealed the abundance of some phenolic compounds including quinic acid, hesperidin and chlorogenic acid in selective extracts. The extracts showed significant antioxidant potentials, with leaf extract of the I. stenophylla being more potent, which is linked to its high phenolic contents. All the extracts displayed notable anti-acetylcholinesterase (1.77 - 2.53 mg GALAE/g) and tyrosinase (54.9-67.20 mg KAE/g). Selective extracts have showed activity against butyrylcholinesterase, with bulb extract of M. neglectum (2.99 mg GALAE/g), I. stenophylla (2.53 mg GALAE/g) and G. elwesii (2.52 mg GALAE/g) showing highest activity. Modest activity was observed against alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. The experimental data gathered herein is the first report on the phytochemical and biological attributes of these bulbous plant species which project them as potential sources of biologically active compounds for phytomedicines and nutraceuticals development.Öğe Detailed phytochemical evaluation of a locally endemic species (Campanula baskilensis) by LC-MS/MS and its in-depth antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Çakır, Oğuz; İzol, Ebubekir; Tarhan, Abbas; Behçet, Lütfi̇; Zengin, GökhanThe importance of bioactive plant species in the scientific world is increasing day by day. The relationship between health and traditional-modern life, promotes the creation of new value-added natural products. This is the first research to conduct a bioactivity and chemical composition analysis of Campanula baskilensis species, which belongs to the medicinally important genus Campanula L (Campanulaceae). The aim of the current study is to quantitatively investigate the phytochemical contents of aerial and root parts of different C. baskilensis extracts (ethanol, methanol, and water) by LC-MS/MS and to evaluate their total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities. Remarkably, LC-MS/MS results revealed that, high amounts of quinic acid (53.6 mg/g aerial-MeOH extract), fumaric acid (6.3 mg/g aerial-H2O extract, 2.5 mg/g root-H2O extract), protocatechuic acid (11.4 mg/g aerial-H2O extract), vanillic acid (1.4 mg/g aerial-EtOH extract), quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin) (2.3 mg/g aerial-EtOH extract), hesperetin 7-rutinoside (hesperidin) (2.0 mg/g aerial-EtOH extract), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (nicotiflorin) (5.5 mg/g aerial-EtOH extract) were detected in the extracts of the species. Considering the bioactivity tests performed on C. baskilensis extracts, aerial-H2O extract showed significant activity in all antioxidant assays. However, ethanol extracts of root and aerial parts exhibited the highest activities in all enzyme inhibitory tests.Öğe Enzyme inhibition and antioxidant functionality of eleven Inula species based on chemical components and chemometric insights(Pergamon-Elsevier Science LTD, 2021) Ceylan, Ramazan; Zengin, Gökhan; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahime; Ak, Güneş; Jugreet, Sharmeen; Çakır, Oğuz; Ouelbani, Rayene; Paksoy, Mehmet Yavuz; Yılmaz, Mustafa AbdullahThe members of the genus Inula have been widely used in traditional medicinal. In the present study, 11 Inula species were investigated for their phytochemical composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects. While quinic acid was the principal compound in I. anatolica, I. britannica, I. inuloides, I. oculus-christi, I. peacockiana, I. sechmenii, I. thapsoides and I. viscidula extracts (22.43?42.02 mg/g dry extract (DE)), I. aucheriana and I. discoidea extracts contained rutin as their most abundant compound (23.28 and 79.10 mg/g extract, respectively). Interestingly, all the Inula extracts were active inhibitors of the five key clinical enzymes (acetylcholinesterase (3.56?5.13 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g), butyrylcholinesterase (1.49?7.34 mg GALAE/g), tyrosinase (112.31?122.13 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE)/g), ?-glucosidase (0.77?2.08 mmol acarbose equivalent (ACAE)/ g) and ?-amylase (0.73?0.90 mmol ACAE/g)). Furthermore, the extracts were observed to exhibit substantial antioxidant capacity (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH): 58.99?188.22 mg trolox equivalent (TE)/g); 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS): 90.51?220.97 mg TE/g; cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC): 169.88?460.53 mg TE/g; ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP): 81.57?237.99 mg TE/g; metal chelating activity: 8.31?25.39 mg ethylenediamine tetraacetate equivalent (EDTAE)/g; phosphomo-lybdenum: 1.55?2.49 mmol TE/g). In conclusion, the Inula species studied herein showed promising pharma-cological potentials justified by the presence of a panoply of bioactive compounds.Öğe In vitro research to evaluate the antioxidant effects, inhibiting enzymes, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains of Terminalia catappa extracts(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Bouagnon, Julie José Rita; Konan, Yannick; Kouadio Ibrahime, Sinan; Konan, Fernique; Bolou, Gbouhoury Erick Kévin; Koffi, Legue Riphin; Yeo, Dodehé; N'Guessan, Jean David; Zengin, Gökhan; Djaman, Allico Joseph; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Dosso, MireilleAim: Contribute to the well-being of the Ivorian population through scientific proof of the use of Terminalia cattapa leaves extracts in traditional medicine. Methodology: The antioxidative effect of aqueous, water-alcoholic, ethyl acetate and hexane derivatives of Terminalia catappa leaves was measured by six tests: DPPH (2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant power), PPBD (phosphomolybdenum), CUPRAC (cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity) and MCA (metal chelating activity). The inhibition of the activity of five enzymes (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, amylase and glucosidase) was also determined. In addition, the broadcast method was used to evaluate impact of the samples on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. Results: Highest antioxidant capacity was obtained in the ethanolic sample for DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and PPBD tests. Ethyl acetate sample produced the best CUPRAC and MCA tests. Among inhibitory effect of samples on the five enzymes, aqueous sample showed the strongest anti-acetylCholynesterase and anti-butyrylCholynesterase activity. Best anti-tyrosinase and anti-amylase activity were obtained with the ethanolic sample. Hexane sample obtained the best anti-glucosidase activity while ethanolic and aqueous samples obtained none. All extracts showed no activity on the MRSA strains tested. Conclusion: The chemical compounds present in Terminalia cattapa leaves extracts would not be responsible for the use made in traditional medicine against infections.Öğe A mixed-apoptotic effect of Jurinea mesopotamica extract on prostate cancer cells: a promising source for natural chemotherapeutics(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Koyuncu, İsmai̇l; Temiz, Ebru; Şeker, Fatma; Balos, M. Maruf; Akkafa, Feridun; Yüksekdağ, Özgür; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Zengin, GökhanThis research investigates the potential use of Jurinea mesopotamica Hand.-Mazz. (Asteraceae) in cancer treatment. In this study, a plant extract was prepared using all parts of J. mesopotamica, and its effect on the proliferation of cancer and normal cells was tested using the MTT method. It was found to have a selective cytotoxic effect on prostate cancer cells, with the lowest IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) of 10μg/mL found in the butanol extract (JMBE). The extract suppressed the proliferation of prostate cancer cells (67 %), disrupted organelle integrity (49 %), increased reactive oxidative stress (66 %), and triggered cell death (51 %). In addition, apoptotic gene expressions and protein levels increased, and the profile of amino acids related to energy metabolism was elevated. Based on LC–MS/MS results, the plant contained higher levels of flavonoids, including isoquercitrin, cosmosiin, astragalin, nicotiflorin, luteolin, and apigenin. These results suggest that J. mesopotamica has a selective effect on prostate cancer due to its high flavonoid content and might be a promising natural alternative for cancer treatment.Öğe Phytochemical analysis of essential oils and the extracts of an ethnomedicinal plant, Teucrium multicaule collected from two different locations with focus on their important biological activities(Elsevier, 2023) Ersoy, Ezgi; Tanaman, Irmak; Özkan, Esra Eroğlu; Karahan, Selim; Şahin, Hasan; Çınar, Ercan; Cantürk, Yeter Yeşil; Kara, Emel Mataracı; Zengin, Gökhan; Boğa, MehmetTeucrium species have been among the most commonly used traditional medicinal plants and they are known to have extensive therapeutic applications. The main focus of this study, Teucrium multicaule is also renowned for being an important medicinal and aromatic plant in Turkiye. Volatile profiling of the essential oils was conducted by GC MS, phytochemical profiling of the ethanol extracts was carried out by LC HRMS, antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antityrosinase, antiurease, antidiabetic, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities were revealed by different assays. Germacrene D was the most abundant compound in the essential oils from Diyarbakir (TmuD) with 45.4%, and Batman (TmuB) with 54.7%. All extracts were found to be quite rich in phytochemicals by LC HRMS, and herniarin, caffeic acid, naringenin, luteolin, scutellarein, hispidulin, rhamnocitrin, penduletin, eupatilin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, hederagenin, and verbascoside were found to be present in all extracts. T. multicaule roots extract from Diyarbakir (TmuRD) demonstrated the highest radical scavenging, a-amylase inhibitory (59.82§0.36%), and antibutyrylcholinesterase activity (61.96§ 1.72%), whereas T. multicaule aerial parts extract from Batman (TmuHB) exhibited the strongest antityrosinase (66.17§0.92%), antiurease (67.85§0.69%), and cytotoxic (54.76 § 1.57 mg/mL) activities. TmuRD also showed significant antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis with 156.2 mg/mL MIC value. As revealed by this first detailed report on T. multicaule, the plant demonstrates various important biological activities attributed to its rich phytochemicals, which also justifies its use in ethnomedicine.Öğe Phytochemical composition and toxicity assessment of Ammi majus L.(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) El-Guourrami, Otman; Salhi, Najoua; Benkhouili, Fatima Zahra; Zengin, Gökhan; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Ameggouz, MounaObjective: To assess the acute and subacute toxicity as well as the phytochemical composition of two extracts and three fractions of Ammi majus L. Methods: The aqueous extracts were prepared separately by maceration for 48 h and by infusion for 1 h, while the fractions were prepared by the Soxhlet extractor, successively employing cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The acute toxicity study was carried out in accordance with the OECD N°423 guideline at a single dose (2000 mg/kg) in mice for 14 days. The subacute toxicity study was performed by a daily oral administration of 250 mg/kg for 10 days and 100 mg/kg doses for 28 days. Phytochemical screening was performed using staining and precipitation reactions, while the chemical characterization of some analytes was detected by HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Results: In the acute toxicity study, no signs of toxicity such as convulsion, salivation, diarrhea, sleep and coma were observed during 30 minutes and 14 days, so the lethal dose was higher than 2000 mg/kg for each extract and fraction. The subacute toxicity results showed that at a dose of 250 mg/kg, 61.10% of the animals died and the rest developed morbidity. On the other hand, at a dose of 100 mg/kg, all the animals were still alive after 28 days, with no morbidity and the biochemical parameters were normal with no abnormalities in the liver, kidneys and pancreas. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, and free quinones and the absence of alkaloids and anthocyanins. Conclusions: The extracts and fractions of Ammi majus L. are not toxic in the short and long term with a varied chemical composition. Toxicological tests on animals other than rodents and in the long term (more than 28 days) are needed to further confirm the safety of Ammi majus extracts.Öğe Phytochemical compositions, antioxidant properties, enzyme inhibitory effects of extracts of four endemic Lathyrus L. taxa from Türkiye and a taxonomic approach(Sociedade Botanica do Brasil, 2023) Yıldırım, Bekir; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Zengin, Gökhan; Genç, HasanLathyrus is an economically important genus, with different parts of some species used as foodstuff or animal feed. In this study, phytochemical compositions and bioactivities of Lathyrus brachypterus var. brachypterus, L. brachypterus var. haussknechtii, L. nivalis subsp. sahinii and L. tefennicus taxa which are endemic to Türkiye were investigated. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC, TFC) of methanolic extracts were detected. Then, phytochemical compositions, antioxidant features (radical scavenging (DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, ABTS: 2,2'-azino-bis(3 ethylbenzothiazoline) 6 sulfonic acid), reducing power (FRAP:Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power, CUPRAC:Cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity), metal chelating activity (MCA), and the phosphomolybdenum assays (PDA)) and enzyme inhibitory properties of the extracts were also determined. The highest values were found at L. brachypterus var. brachypterus for TPC, L. brachypterus var. haussknechtii for TFC. The highest antioxidant properties were seen in extracts of L. brachypterus var. brachypterus in DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC and PDA assays, while in extract of L. nivalis subsp. sahinii in MCA. The highest enzyme inhibitory activity was found in extract of L. brachypterus var. brachypterus in tyrosinase and glucosidase assays, while in extracts of L. nivalis subsp. sahinii in AChE (acetylcholinesterase), BChE (butyrylcholinesterase) and amylase. Finally, a taxonomic evaluation was made by considering the phytochemicals.Öğe The relationship between the chemical components and skin-related enzyme inhibition, antioxidant activities and toxicity profile of Helichrysum armenium subsp. armenium(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Yıldız, Gülsüm; Karatoprak, Gökçe Şeker; İlgün, Selen; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Köse, Yavuz Bülent; Zengin, GökhanThe aerial parts of Helichrysum armenium subsp. armenium were subjected to methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extraction. The extracts were evaluated for their in vitro enzyme inhibitory activity [lipoxygenase (LOX), tyrosinase and elastase], antioxidant activity and toxicity (on fibroblast cells). All the extracts displayed a weak effect on LOX and elastase. The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest inhibition on tyrosinase enzyme with IC50 = 460 µg/mL, while kojic acid had IC50 = 30 µg/mL. The methanol and ethyl acetate extracts compared to the n-hexane extract exhibited stronger DPPH• and ABTS•+ scavenging activity, as well as iron(II)-chelating potential, and were shown to have rich phenolic and flavonoid contents. The methanol extract was toxic to healthy fibroblast cells at a higher concentration with IC50 > 500 µg/mL compared to the other extracts. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts was made quantitatively by LC–MS/MS. The major components identified in the methanol and the ethyl acetate extracts were astragalin, quinic acid, apigenin-7-glycoside, isoquercitrin, chlorogenic acid, naringenin, apigenin and luteolin-7-glucoside. The compounds detected in the n-hexane extract were much fewer. Based on these findings, H. armenium subsp. armenium can be considered to be a natural raw material with the potential to be used in the cosmetic industry.Öğe The uprisal of a lost endemic edible species, Micromeria cymuligera: Comprehensive elucidation of its biological activities and phytochemical composition(Elsevier Ltd., 2024) Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Çakır, Oğuz; Zengin, Gökhan; İzol, Ebubekir; Behçet, Lütfi̇Bioactive plant species are gaining scientific importance daily. New natural goods with added value are encouraged by the link between health, modern and traditional lifestyles. For about 145 years, Micromeria cymuligera, a Turkish endemic, was presumed extinct. For years, no specimen of this medicinal and fragrant species has been found in the region, but rich populations have lately been found in Bingöl province, Turkey. Like other Micromeria species, M. cymuligera has been used in tea and cooking due to its powerful bioactivities and scent. This is the first study to look at the complete quantification of bioactive phytochemicals, antioxidant capacity, and enzyme inhibitory evaluation of the long-thought-to-be-extinct M. cymuligera species. Using a previously established and validated LC-MS/MS methodology, this study aimed to screen the bioactive phytochemicals of M. cymuligera and assess its diverse antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties. The EtOH extract of the species had substantial concentrations of rosmarinic acid (13.05 mg/g extract), quinic acid (4.57 mg/g extract), chlorogenic acid (2.34 mg/g extract), and cynaroside (2.37 mg/g extract), according to LC-MS/MS data. Furthermore, it was shown that the species had relatively high total phenolic-flavonoid contents (40.94 ± 0.38 mgGAEs/g extract and 5.13 ± 0.29 mgREs/g extract, respectively). The extract shown noteworthy activity (82.00 ± 0.74, 126.23 ± 3.43, 48.33 ± 1.36, and 35.89 ± 0.44 mgTEs/g extract in FRAP, CUPRAC, ABTS, and DPPH respectively) in all antioxidant assays when the bioactivity experiments on M. cymuligera were considered. Furthermore, of all the enzyme inhibitory tests (tyrosinase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, BChE, and AChE), the species demonstrated outstanding inhibitory action against tyrosinase (70.80 ± 1.34 mgKAE/g extract).Öğe Volatile and phenolic profiling of a traditional medicinal plant, Hypericum empetrifolium with in vitro biological activities(Elsevier Ireland LTD, 2021) Boğa, Mehmet; Ersoy, Ezgi; Özkan, Esra Eroğlu; Çınar, Ercan; Kara, Emel Mataracı; Cantürk, Yeter Yeşil; Zengin, GökhanEthnopharmacological relevance: Hypericum empetrifolium Willd is a member of the Hypericaceae family, mainly known in southern Greece, and western Turkey. Being a centuries-old medicinal plant, the aerial parts of the plant have been used for the treatment of herpes, kidney stones, gastric ulcer, and also for their anti-helminthic, and diuretic purposes traditionally. Aim of the study: The current study aimed to investigate the phytochemical profiles of the essential oil, and two ethanol extracts prepared from the aerial parts (H. empetrifolium aerial parts extract HEA), and roots of the plant (H. empetrifolium roots extract HER), and to provide data on antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antityrosinase, antiurease, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities of the extracts. Materials and methods: In this study, volatile and phenolic compounds of the HEA and HER were analyzed by GC MS and LC-MS/MS, respectively. Antioxidant potential of the extracts was clarified by using DPPH radical scavenging assay, ABTS cation radical assay, and the CUPRAC assay. Acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, urease, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity assays were used to determine enzyme inhibition capacity of the extracts. Cytotoxic activity of the extracts was established by using XTT assay. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was determined by the microbroth dilution technique. Results: The major compounds of the essential oil were revealed as alloaromodendrene (24.7%), alpha-pinene (14.7%), beta-pinene (10.7%), and alpha-terpineol (7.7%) by the GC-MS analysis. According to the LC-MS/MS analysis results, quinic acid was the most abundant constituent in both extracts with 20612.42 +/- 169.02 mu g/g extract in HEA extract, and with 2254.34 +/- 18.49 mu g/g extract in HER extract, respectively. The HEA extract was also found to be rich in terms of chlorogenic acid (5583.14 +/- 38.52 mu g/g extract), isoquercitrin (3076.77 +/- 40.92 mu g/g extract), and malic acid (2822.90 +/- 31.90 mu g/g extract). HEA extract exhibited a significant antioxidant effect with an IC50 value of 11.98 +/- 0.22 mu g/mL according to the DPPH radical scavenging assay. Similar results were obtained with the ABTS cation radical assay, and the CUPRAC assay. HER extract showed a strong butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory effect with 88.69 +/- 0.62% at 200 mu g/mL concentration. Both extracts were considered to have moderate anti-tyrosinase activity compared to the standard at 200 mu g/mL. The best antimicrobial activity was obtained for HEA against C. parapsilosis with an MIC value of 4.88 mu g/mL. HEA also exhibited antifungal activity against C. tropicalis with 19.53 mu g/mL. Only HER exhibited low cytotoxicity on A498 renal cell lines with 60.6% cell viability. Conclusion: Unquestionably, H. empetrifolium Willd has ethnopharmacological importance according to these results, and further investigations are required to evaluate other therapeutic properties of the plant.
