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    Accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking for progressive keratoconus
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) Cinar, Yasin; Cingu, Abdullah Kursat; Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet; Yuksel, Harun; Sahin, Alparslan; Yildirim, Adnan; Caca, Ihsan
    Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of accelerated corneal cross-linking (CXL) procedure for progressive keratoconus. Materials and methods: Twenty-three eyes of 23 patients undergone accelerated CXL procedure were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively at 1st, 3rd and 6th month for uncorrected distant visual acuity (UDVA), best corrected distant visual acuity (CDVA), spherical error, cylindrical error, spherical equivalent (SE), keratometric values and thinnest corneal thickness (TCT) values with corneal topography by Scheimpflug camera and endothelial cell density (ECD). Results: The mean UDVA was improved from 0.97 +/- 0.41 logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) to 0.76 +/- 0.45 logMAR at the 6th month after CXL (p = 0.332). The mean CDVA was improved from 0.49 +/- 0.30 logMAR to 0.34 +/- 0.22 logMAR at the 6th month after CXL (p = 0.026). The mean sphere was decreased from -4.47 +/- 4.1 diopter (D) to -3.79 +/- 3.86 D and the mean cylinder was decreased from -5.60 +/- 2.2D to -4.55 +/- 1.98 D and the mean SE was decreased from -7.22 +/- 4.48 D to -6.36 +/- 4.34 D at the 6th month after CXL (p = 0.128, p = 0.002 and p = 0.045, respectively). Flat keratometry, steep keratometry, mean keratometry and maximum keratometry were significantly reduced at the 6th month after CXL (p = 0.025, p < 0.001, p = 0.004 and p = 0.03, respectively). TCT and ECD were not changed significantly the 6th month after CXL (p = 0.135 and p = 0.082, respectively). Conclusion: Accelerated CXL procedure was effective to stabilize progression of keratoconus with significant reduction in topographic keratometric values and significant increase in CDVA in 6 months.
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    Activation of toxoplasma retinochoroiditis during pregnancy and evaluation of ocular findings in newborns
    (Springer, 2017) Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet; Sahin, Alparslan; Yuksel, Harun; Cinar, Yasin; Cingu, Kursat; Altindag, Suat; Deveci, Ozcan
    The purpose of this study was to evaluate patients with activation of toxoplasma retinochoroiditis during pregnancy and ocular findings in newborns. A total of 17 pregnant patients who were clinically and serologically diagnosed with ocular toxoplasmosis were retrospectively reviewed. After birth, ocular findings for all infants were recorded. The mean age of the patients was 29.08 +/- 5.71 years. In all cases, activation was present in only one eye. In 13 cases, anterior uveitis was associated with posterior uveitis. Visual acuity in all cases prior to treatment was 0.3 +/- 0.21 and increased to 0.55 +/- 0.29 after treatment. The mean gestational age of the patients was 19.76 +/- 8.71 weeks at the time of hospital admission. No case of toxoplasmic ocular involvement was identified in the infants on postnatal examination. In the case of toxoplasma retinochoroiditis during pregnancy, appropriate treatment and follow-up is very important to protect the newborns and to prevent impaired vision in mothers.
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    Acute Unilateral Myopia Induced by Add-On Aripiprazole: A Case Report
    (Kure Iletisim Grubu A S, 2016) Gunes, Mehmet; Demir, Suleyman; Bulut, Mahmut; Kaya, Mehmet Cemal; Atli, Abdullah; Ibiloglu, Aslihan Okan; Yuksel, Harun
    The partial agonist aripiprazole is a novel atypical antipsychotic with a relatively safer side effect profile. Acute unilateral myopia is a very rare condition that is commonly associated with drug use. Here, we present a woman diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) who have been treated for two years in our clinic. She was on fluoxetine (Prozac) 80 mg/day when adding aripiprazole (Abilify) 10 mg/day as an augmentation agent has triggered unilateral myopia. After cessation of aripirazole her myopia has disappeared. Psychiatrists should keep in mind that unilateral myopia as a side effect may develop after combining aripiprazole with fluoxetine in patients with OCD and MDD.
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    Anterior segment parameters of rabbits with rotating Scheimpflug camera
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2015) Yuksel, Harun; Turkcu, Fatih M.; Ari, Seyhmus; Cinar, Yasin; Cingu, Abdullah K.; Sahin, Muhammed; Sahin, Alparslan
    BackgroundRabbit is one of the most commonly used experimental animals for corneal studies due to similarity of size to human cornea and ease of manipulation. In this study, we assessed anterior segment parameters of the healthy rabbit eyes with Pentacam HR (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). MethodsSix-month-old, approximately 2.5-3kg weighted, 30 female New Zealand rabbits were used in the study. Right eye of the each rabbit was imaged with Pentacam HR under intramuscular ketamine hydrochloride (Ketalar; Eczacibasi, Turkey) anesthesia (50mg/kg). After the imaging, the rabbits with blinking errors, which results in low-quality images, were excluded from the study. Keratometric readings, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and anterior and posterior elevation values, and lens density were noted. ResultsIn this study, the flattest and the steepest keratometric values were found as 43.341.86, 42.7 +/- 2.0, and 43.9 +/- 1.9diopters, respectively. The mean CCT and ACD of rabbits were found as 388 +/- 39m and 2.08 +/- 0.16mm, respectively. Mean of the anterior and posterior elevation at thinnest point was found as 1.29 +/- 4.28 and 3.91 +/- 6.17m, respectively. ConclusionsKeratometric readings and anterior and posterior elevation values of rabbits were similar to human; however, corneal thickness and anterior chamber depth (ACD) values were lower than humans.
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    Approach of Turkish ophthalmologists to micronutrition in age-related macular degeneration
    (Consel Brasil Oftalmologia, 2015) Sahin, Muhammed; Yuksel, Harun; Sahin, Alparslan; Cingu, Abdullah Kursat; Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet; Ozkurt, Zeynep Gursel; Caca, Ihsan
    Purpose: To evaluate the knowledge and behaviors of ophthalmologists in Turkey concerning micronutrition support in patients with age related macular degeneration (ARMD). Methods: This study involved 1,845 ophthalmologists. A scientific poll was sent to all participants by email. The survey covered the following: demographic features, subspecialty knowledge about micronutrition preference for prescribing micronutrition to age related macular degeneration patients, and the reason for this preference. If a participant indicated that he or she prescribed micronutrition, the participant was also asked to indicate the source of the treatment and supplemental treatments. Results: Of 1,845 ophthalmologists, 249 responded to the survey. Of the respondents, 9% (22) never, 43% (107) sometimes, 37% (92) frequently, and 11% (27) always used micronutrition. The most frequent prescribing subgroup was general ophthalmology (22%), followed by the retina-uvea subspecialty (13.9%). The micronutrition prescribing ratio was 54.8% in retina-uvea specialists when the frequent and always responses were combined. There was no statistically significant difference between subgroups with respect to prescribing micronutrition. Among the ophthalmologists prescribing micronutrition, 57.1% of them did not use the Age-Related Eye Disease Study-1 (AREDS) criteria, and only 31.3% prescribe micronutrition according to AREDS criteria. The results for the general ophthalmologist and retina-uvea specialist subgroups were similar, 56.3% vs 20.2%, and 54.1% vs 36.1%, respectively. Micronutrition was not recommended for the following reasons: expensive (55.4%), low patient expectancy (40%), no effect (30%), and low patient drug compliance (25.4%). Moreover, 55.2% of the clinicians recommended physical activities, dietary changes, and smoking cessation; 7.3% did not recommend these behavioral changes. Conclusion: This survey demonstrated that micronutrition preference in age related macular degeneration was low in ophthalmologists in Turkey. Additionally, retina specialists have a lower rate of prescribing micronutrition. Micronutrition support and behavior such as smoking cessation, dietary changes, etc. should be recommended more often to patients with age related macular degeneration.
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    Associations between red reflex abnormality, consanguinity and intensive care hospitalization of newborns in Turkey
    (Who Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, 2018) Ozkurt, Zeynep; Balsak, Selahattin; Tildirim, Yusuf; Yuksel, Harun; Caca, Ihsan
    Background: Red reflex screening is the primary but unheeded test for the detection of vision- and life-threatening eye conditions. Aims: To evaluate the red reflex of newborns, percentage of ocular diseases resulting in red reflex abnormality, and their relation with consanguinity in Southeast Turkey. Methods: Newborns (n = 1358) were examined with pencil light and direct ophthalmoscopy. Results: Eight hundred of these newborns were hospitalized in a rooming-in unit. (RIU) and 558 were in the neonatal intensive care service (NICS). In the RIU there were 7 (0.88%) newborns with abnormal red reflex and in the NICS there were 14 (2.51%). Sensitivity of pencil light examination was 71.4%. Studies from the Middle East have shown potential recessive genetic causes of common paediatric ocular conditions. In our study, consanguineous marriage was found to have a significant association with red reflex abnormality (P = 0.017). Conclusions: Red reflex screening test is important in the early diagnosis of vision- and life-threatening eye disorders in Southeast Turkey where consanguinity is common.
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    AUTHOR REPLY TO: Mean platelet volume in pseudoexfoliation syndrome and glaucoma
    (Wichtig Editore, 2014) Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet; Yuksel, Harun; Sahin, Alparslan; Cinar, Yasin; Yuksel, Hatice; Cingu, Kursat; sahin, Muhammed
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    Central serous chorioretinopathy due to tadalafil use
    (Springer, 2013) Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet; Yuksel, Harun; Sahin, Alparslan; Murat, Mehmet; Bozkurt, Yasar; Caca, Ihsan
    Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors are commonly used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. There are a small number of case reports that associate this agent with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). Our report presents the treatment approach to a 42-year-old patient who described blurred vision and metamorphopsia and was diagnosed with CSCR following the use of tadalafil, a PDE5 inhibitor.
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    Comparison of accelerated and conventional corneal collagen cross-linking for progressive keratoconus
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) Cinar, Yasin; Cingu, Abdullah Kursat; Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet; Cinar, Tuba; Yuksel, Harun; Ozkurt, Zeynep Gursel; Caca, Ihsan
    Purpose: To compare outcomes of accelerated and conventional corneal cross-linking (CXL) for progressive keratoconus (KC). Materials and methods: Patients were divided into two groups as the accelerated CXL group and the conventional CXL group. The uncorrected distant visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distant visual acuity (CDVA), refraction and keratometric values were measured preoperatively and postoperatively. The data of the two groups were compared statistically. Results: The mean UDVA and CDVA were better at the six month postoperative when compared with preoperative values in two groups. While change in UDVA and CDVA was statistically significant in the accelerated CXL group (p = 0.035 and p = 0.047, respectively), it did not reach statistical significance in the conventional CXL group (p = 0.184 and p = 0.113, respectively). The decrease in the mean corneal power (K-m) and maximum keratometric value (K-max) were statistically significant in both groups (p = 0.012 and 0.046, respectively in the accelerated CXL group, p = 0.012 and 0.041, respectively, in the conventional CXL group). There was no statistically significant difference in visual and refractive results between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Refractive and visual results of the accelerated CXL method and the conventional CXL method for the treatment of KC in short time period were similar. The accelerated CXL method faster and provide high throughput of the patients.
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    Comparison of Central Corneal Thickness Measurements with a Rotating Scheimpflug Camera, a Specular Microscope, Optical Low-Coherence Reflectometry, and Ultrasound Pachymetry in Keratoconic Eyes
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2015) Cinar, Yasin; Cingu, Abdullah Kursat; Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet; Cinar, Tuba; Sahin, Alparslan; Yuksel, Harun; Ari, Seyhmus
    Objective: To compare central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements with a rotating Scheimpflug camera (RSC), noncontact specular microscopy (SM), optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR), and ultrasonic pachymetry (UP) in keratoconus (KC) patients. Method: In this prospective study, four CCT measurements taken with an RSC, SM, OLCR, and UP were compared in 81 eyes of 44 consecutive KC patients. The KC patients were divided into four subgroups according to Amsler-Krumeich's KC classification. Results: The RSC and UP measurements of the CCT were not statistically significant in all the groups. Comparison of the SM vs. the OLCR measurements yielded statistically significant differences in all the KC patients and in all KC stages. In all the KC patients, RSC and OLCR showed a high correlation coefficient factor (r = 0.87, p = 0.000). Conclusion: CCT measurements with RSC are comparable to those achieved with UP. Compared with the other devices, according to SM measurements, the central cornea is thicker in all keratoconic eyes and in all KC grades, and it is thinner according to OLCR. RSC, UP, SM, and OLCR should not be used interchangeably in keratoconic eyes.
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    Comparison of Optical versus Ultrasonic Biometry in Keratoconic Eyes
    (Hindawi Ltd, 2013) Cinar, Yasin; Cingu, Abdullah Kursat; Sahin, Muhammed; Sahin, Alparslan; Yuksel, Harun; Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet; Cinar, Tuba
    Purpose. To compare the measurements of optical versus ultrasonic biometry devices in keratoconic eyes. Materials and Methods. Forty-two eyes of 42 keratoconus (KC) patients enrolled in the study were examined. Clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients were noted, and detailed ophthalmological examination was performed. Following Pentacam measurements, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and axial length (AL) were obtained using the Lenstar and US biometer to determine the reproducibility of the measurements between the two devices in keratoconic eyes. The Bland-Altman method was used to describe the agreement between the two devices. Results. The Lenstar could not measure at least one of the biometric properties in one eye and did not automatically give the corrected ACD in 2/3 of our study population. The Lenstar measured CCT (average difference 5.4 +/- 19.6 mu m; ICC = 0.90; P < 0.001), LT (average difference 0.13 +/- 0.17 mm; ICC = 0.67; P < 0.001), and AL (average difference 0.10 +/- 0.76 mm; ICC = 0.75; P < 0.001) thinner than US biometer, whereas it measured ACD (average difference 0.18 +/- 0.17 mm; ICC = 0.85; P < 0.001) deeper than US biometer in keratoconic eyes. Conclusion. Although the difference between the measurements obtained using the two devices might be clinically acceptable, US biometry and Lenstar should not be used interchangeably for biometric measurements in KC patients.
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    Congenital Bilateral Upper Eyelid Eversion: Report of a Case
    (Informa Healthcare, 2014) Cingu, Abdullah Kursat; Sahin, Alparslan; Yuksel, Harun; Ozkok, Ahmet; Ari, Seyhmus; Caca, Ihsan
    Congenital bilateral upper eyelid eversion is a rare condition and the definite cause is not known. It is often seen in Black babies or babies with Down's syndrome. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the condition can be managed without surgery. We report a case of congenital upper eyelid eversion in an otherwise healthy Caucasian neonate, born by normal vaginal delivery. The case responded well to conservative treatment, including eyelid repositioning, lubricants, antibiotic ointment, and eyelid patching.
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    Corneal perforation during Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy: a case report
    (Springer, 2013) Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet; Yuksel, Harun; Cingu, Kursat; Cinar, Yasin; Murat, Mehmet; Caca, Ihsan
    We report a case where corneal perforation developed during Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. We present a 20-year-old male with the complaint of impaired vision in the right eye. Leukoma consistent with the incision line in the cornea and opacity in the posterior capsule were observed.
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    Diagnosis of Malignant Hypertension with Ocular Examination: A Child Case
    (Informa Healthcare, 2014) Yildirim, Adnan; Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet; Yuksel, Harun; Sahin, Alparslan; Cinar, Yasin; Caca, Ihsan
    A 12-year-old female patient was admitted to our clinic complaining about low vision. Bilateral optic disc edema, macular star, and preretinal hemorrhages were found in fundoscopic examination. In fundus fluorescein angiography, massive leakage in the late phase was seen in the optic nerve head and macular area. These findings were compatible with high-grade hypertensive retinopathy. The patient consulted with pediatrics and a diagnosis of vesicourethral reflux and malignant hypertension was made.
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    Early detection of macular and peripapillary changes with spectralis optical coherence tomography in patients with prediabetes
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Sahin, Muhammed; Sahin, Alparslan; Kilinc, Faruk; Karaalp, Umit; Yuksel, Harun; Ozkurt, Zeynep Gursel; Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet
    Purpose: To compare the retina ganglion cell complex (GCC) layer and peripapillary nerve fibre layer thickness (pRNFL) in patients with prediabetes and healthy subjects analysed by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: This cross-sectional and comparative study included prediabetic patients and healthy subjects. All participants underwent SD-OCT measurement of pRNFL thickness, and GCC thickness. Results: A total of 30 eyes of the 30 patients with prediabetes and 30 eyes of 30 controls were included. The overall calculated pRNFL thicknesses were similar between the prediabetic and control subjects. The GCC thickness was significantly lower in all quadrants of the inner macula, and outer nasal quadrant in the prediabetes group when compared to the control group. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that inner macular GCC thickness was significantly thinner in prediabetic subjects. As a result neurodegeneration may play role in the thinning of GCC.
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    Effect of Estrogen Replacement Treatment on VEGF in Serum and Retina in Rats
    (Modestum Ltd, 2015) Yuksel, Harun; Turgut, Fethiye Gulden; Turkcu, Fatih M.; Ozkurt, Zeynep; Sahin, Muhammed; Yuksel, Hatice; Turkcu, Gul
    Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a molecule implicated in the pathogenesis of several eye diseases. In this experimental study, we planned to evaluate the effects of surgical menopause and hormone replacement therapy on VEGF levels. Thus, we studied the effects of treatments involving estrogen, estrogen and progesterone (E/P) in combination, and genistein, which is a selective estrogen modulator, on serum VEGF levels and the expression of VEGF in the retinas of rats with surgical menopause. The rats were randomly divided into five groups. Bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) was performed in all groups except for the sham-operated group. estrogen, E/P, genistein or water (sham and control groups) treatments were given for 8 weeks through the orogastric catheter. Serum VEGF level and immunohistochemical staining of VEGF in retinal tissue were analyzed in each group. Serum VEGF levels were significantly higher in the OVX + estrogen and OVX + genistein groups than in the control and sham groups. It was also higher in the OVX + E/P group than in the sham and control groups; however, in this case, the difference was not statistically significant. The OVX + estrogen, OVX + E/P, and OVX + genistein groups exhibited increased VEGF staining in comparison with the control and sham groups. However, the difference was not statistically significant. The current study demonstrated that estrogen replacement treatment (ERT) leads to an increase in serum VEGF levels and progesterone plays a protective role in this increase. The ERT used in this study had no effect on VEGF expression in the retina.
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    Effect of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis on Vitreous Depth in Patients with Keratoconus
    (Informa Healthcare, 2015) Cingu, Abdullah Kursat; Kaya, Savas; Cinar, Yasin; Sahin, Muhammed; Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet; Yuksel, Harun; Murat, Mehmet
    Purpose: The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the vitreous depth (VD) of keratoconic eyes in patients with or without vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). Material and Methods: Eighty eyes of 80 consecutive keratoconus (KC) patients and 40 emmetropic control subjects were enrolled. KC patients were divided into two groups according to accompanying VKC (VKC-KC group and KC group). Mean outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical equivalent (SE), mean keratometry (Km), intraocular pressure (IOP), and axial length (AL) and its components. The eyes with the highest Km were selected for statistical analysis for each participant. Results: There were 50, 30, and 40 patients in the VKC-KC group, KC group, and control group respectively. The KC group and VKC-KC group were similar in BCVA, SE, Km, CCT, ACD, LT, and IOP (p>0.05). The mean ACD was significantly lower in the control group when compared with the KC group and VKC-KC group. The mean AL and VD were significantly higher in VKC-KC group than those of KC group and the control group, whereas similar in KC and control groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: In the current study we showed that VKC-associated KC patients have significantly longer AL and VD when compared with KC patients without VKC. Posterior segment elongation in VKC-KC group may be associated with the type IV collagen destruction due to chronic longstanding inflammation in VKC patients.
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    The effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester in acute methanol toxicity on rat retina and optic nerve
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013) Sahin, Alparslan; Kaya, Savas; Turkcu, Gul; Cingu, Abdullah Kursat; Yuksel, Harun; Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet; Yuksel, Hatice
    Purpose: We aimed to test caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) as an antidote for acute methanol (MeOH) toxicity and to compare it with ethanol. Methods: This study included five groups, each containing eight rats. The groups were control, methotrexate (MTX), MeOH, ethanol and CAPE. All rats except control group were treated with intraperitoneal (i.p.) MTX (0.3 mg/kg/d) for 7 d. At the 8th day of the experiment, i.p. injection of MeOH (3 g/kg) was administered in MeOH, ethanol and CAPE groups. Four hours after MeOH treatment, 0.5 g/kg ethanol was injected i.p. in ethanol group; 10 mu mol/kg CAPE i.p. in CAPE group; serum physiologic i.p. in other groups. After 8 h, rats were anaesthetized and sacrificed. Total anti-oxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) were measured on the dissected and excised retina and optic nerve samples. Fellow eyes were used for histopathologic evaluation and the cell count of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer. In addition, interactions of alcohol dehydrogenase with CAPE, ethanol, MeOH and pyrazole derivatives were investigated. Results: Either CAPE or ethanol co-treatment decreased the TOS levels and increased the TAS levels compared to the MeOH group. MeOH treatment decreased the mean cell count in RGC layer. CAPE co-treatment significantly prevented cell loss (p=0.040). Besides, in silico calculations showed that binding affinity of CAPE to alcohol dehydrogenase was higher than those of MeOH, ethanol, and pyrazole derivatives were. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that CAPE treatment decreased the oxidative stress in acute MeOH intoxication in the retina and optic nerve; beside that, protected RGC layer histology. In silico, CAPE had higher affinity score than MeOH, ethanol, pyrazole and pyrazole derivatives in the case of interaction with alcohol dehydrogenase.
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    The effects of delivery type and gender on intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness in newborns
    (Consel Brasil Oftalmologia, 2016) Ozkurt, Zeynep Gursel; Balsak, Selahattin; Balsak, Berrin; Guclu, Hande; Sahin, Muhammed; Yuksel, Harun; Turkcu, Fatih M.
    Purpose: To analyze intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT) in newborns during the first 12 h of life. Methods: Forty-three newborns born by vaginal delivery (VD) and 30 newborns born by cesarean section (CS) were evaluated. IOP and CCT were measured using Tono-Pen and handheld pachymeter, respectively, at both the 5th minute after delivery and at the 12th h of life. Results: The mean IOP for the VD group was significantly higher than that of the CS group at both the 5th minute and 12th h (p=0.042 and p=0.018, respectively). In both groups, the IOP decreased by the 12th h, but the decrease was only significant for the CS group (p=0.020). The decrease in CCT over the 12 h was significant for both groups (p<0.001). In the VD and CS groups, the IOP values of the males were significantly higher than those of the females at the fifth minute only (p=0.024 and p=0.043, respectively). No other values were significantly different between the genders. Conclusions: Newborn IOP is affected by the mode of delivery and gender. A higher IOP was found in vaginally delivered newborns than in CS newborns for at least 12 h postpartum. CCT showed a significant decline within 12 h. Male newborns have significantly higher IOP values in the first minutes of life.
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    Effects of smoking on visual acuity of central serous chorioretinopathy patients
    (Informa Healthcare, 2014) Turkcu, Fatih Mehmet; Yuksel, Harun; Sahin, Alparslan; Cinar, Yasin; Cingu, Kursat; Ari, Seyhmus; Sahin, Muhammed
    Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences, in terms of visual outcome and treatment needs, between smokers and non-smokers central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) patients. Methods: The files of 252 patients diagnosed with CSCR who had presented to the Retina Unit of the Ophthalmology Clinic at Dicle University Medical School in Turkey were retrospectively evaluated. Eighty-four smokers, with a known history of smoking of at least one pack-year, and 133 non-smokers were included, whereas 35 patients with additional pathologies were excluded from the study. Results: Of the patients, 192 (88.5%) were male and 25 (11.5%) were female. The mean patient age was 38.8 +/- 8.1 years (range: 20-68 years). Visual acuity (VA) of the smoker and non-smoker groups was measured as 0.45 +/- 0.35 and 0.24 +/- 0.28 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMar), respectively, at the first visit; 0.19 +/- 0.29 and 0.06 +/- 0.14 logMar at the sixth month; and 0.07 +/- 0.14 and 0.02 +/- 0.05 logMar at the ninth month. VA measurements at presentation and during all examinations (1th, 6th and 9th month) were significantly different for the two groups. VA was lower in the smoker group. In 27 patients (12.4%), an additional treatment modality was needed. Of the 27 patients, only 8 (6%) were non-smokers, whereas 19 (22.6%) were smokers. There was no difference between groups in the recurrence rate during follow-up (p = 0.907); 14 (16.7%) smokers and 8 (19.0%) non-smokers experienced a recurrence. Conclusion: This study has shown that patients selected and who are current smokers have poorer vision and need longer treatment.