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    Antityrosinase activity and LC-MS/MS analysis of optimized ultrasound-assisted condition extracts and fractions from strawberry tree ( Arbutus unedo L.)
    (Digital Commons Bepress, 2024) Demir, Serdar; Koyu, Halil; Yilmaz, Mustafa A.; Tarhan, Abbas; Ozturk, Sura Baykan
    Investigation of utilization possibilities of natural sources has been an important area for research. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity plays a key role in food and medicine industry. Strawberry tree ( Arbutus unedo ), a widely distributed plant among Mediterranean countries, possess fruits and leaves with rich bioactive phytochemicals, especially polyphenolic compounds. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antityrosinase activity of the fruit and leaf extracts of the plant, and to determine the phenolic compounds that contribute to the antityrosinase activity. In this regard, we evaluated the effect of solvent composition on the extraction of phenolic compounds from A. unedo and on its antityrosinase activity using a simplex centroid design approach, and used chromatographic and LC-MS/MS techniques. The leaf extracts prepared using EtOH:water (50:50) provided higher TPC (456.39 mg GAE/g extract) and acetone:EtOH:water (33:33:33) provided higher TFC (56.15 mg QE/g extract) values than of fruit extracts. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed 23 phenolic/ fl avonoid compounds in leaf extracts (L1-8), and major metabolites were detected as quercitrin, quinic acid, catechin, tannic acid, isoquercitrin, gallic acid, and ellagic acid. Among the leaf extracts, L3 (aceton:water, 50:50) exhibited 72.01% tyrosinase inhibition at 500 mu g/mL. After fractionation studies guided by antityrosinase activity, its subfraction L3-Fr2 exhibited 40.06% inhibition at 50 mu g/mL concentration (IC 50 : 146 +/- 7.75 mu g/mL), and catechin (113.19 mg/g), tannic acid (53.14 mg/g), ellagic acid (22.14 mg/g), gallic acid (10.27 mg/g), and epicatechin gallate (8.65 mg/ g) were determined as major metabolites. Its subfraction L3-Fr2-sub7 exhibited better antityrosinase activity (IC 50 : 206.23 +/- 9.87 mu g/mL), and quantitative analysis results revealed the presence of tannic acid (127.40 mg/g), gallic acid (13.96 mg/g), ellagic acid (7.66 mg/g), quercetin-3- O -glucuronide (5.06 mg/g), and quinic acid (3.2 mg/g) as major metabolites, and correlation analysis showed that ellagic acid and quinic acid were positively correlated with antityrosinase activity.
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    A GC-MS method validation for quantitative investigation of some chemical markers inSalvia hypargeiaFisch. & CA Mey. of Turkey: Enzyme inhibitory potential of ferruginol
    (Wiley, 2020) Bakir, Derya; Akdeniz, Mehmet; Ertas, Abdulselam; Yilmaz, Mustafa A.; Yener, Ismail; Firat, Mehmet; Kolak, Ufuk
    In the present study, a GC-MS method used for quantitative screening of 26 compounds (sclareolide, sclareol, ferruginol, cryptanol, 6,7-dehydroroyleanone, suginal, 9,10-dihydro-7,8-dimethyl-2-(1-methylethyl) phenanthren-3-ol, sugiol, inuroyleanone, 12-demethylmulticauline, 7 alpha-hydroxy-beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol, salvigenin, sinensetin,alpha-amyrin, lupeol, lupenone, 3-acetyl lupeol, 1 alpha,21 alpha-dihydroxy-2,3-(1 ' 1 '-dimethyl-dioxymethylene) urs-9(11),12-dien, uvaol, betulin, pyxinol, lup-(20),29-ene-2 alpha-hydroxy-3 beta-acetate, betulin 3 beta, 28 beta-diacetate, 21 alpha-hydroxy,2 alpha,3 beta-diacetoxy urs-9(11),12-dien) specific to TurkishSalviaspecies was developed and validated. According to the GC-MS analysis results,Salvia hypargeiaFisch. & C.A. Mey. roots were found to be rich in ferruginol (30787.97 mu g/g extract) and lupenone (23276.21 mu g/g extract), and leaves in lupeol (20625.92 mu g/g extract). Additionally, the essential oil and aroma contents of this species were identified by GC-MS technique. According to the LC-MS/MS results, especiallyS. hypargeialeaf extract was rich in rosmarinic acid (38035.7 mu g/g extract) and isoquercitrin (4136.91 mu g/g extract). Furthermore, anticholinesterase, antiurease, antityrosinase and antielastase inhibitory, antioxidant, cytotoxic activities of the ethanol extracts, essential oil, and major components of the species were evaluated. Antioxidant potentials of all extracts of this species were quite high in all studied antioxidant methods. Moreover, butyrylcholinesterase and elastase inhibitory capacities of ferruginol, the major component ofS. hypargeiaroots, were notable. For these reasons, this species has a high potential for food and pharmaceutical industries. Practical applications This new GC-MS method was applied toS. hypargeiaFisch. & C.A. Mey. and it indicated that this species possessed high amount of ferruginol and lupeol, and that this species could be used for their natural sources. According to the results of the activity studies (antioxidant, anticholinesterase, tyrosinase, elastase, and cytotoxic), this method was used to exhibit which compound may be responsible for the activities. This developed and validated method could be easily applied to determine major/active/toxic secondary metabolites ofSalviaspecies which are used and/or could be used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.
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    Phytochemical profile and some biological activities of three Centaurea species from Turkey
    (Pharmacotherapy Group, 2016) Boga, Mehmet; Alkan, Huseyin; Ertas, Abdulselam; Oral, Elif Varhan; Yilmaz, Mustafa A.; Yesil, Yeter; Goren, Ahmet C.
    Purpose: To characterise the phytochemical profile of whole plants of Centaurea balsamita, C. depressa and C. lycopifolia with LC-ESI-MS/MS, and as well as their antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities. Methods: Organic and aqueous extracts of the three Centaurea species were evaluated for DPPH free radical, ABTS cation radical scavenging and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC). Acetyl-and butyryl-cholinesterase enzyme inhibition abilities of the extracts using petroleum ether, acetone, methanol and water were studied to determine anticholinesterase activity, while antimicrobial activity was determined by disc diffusion method using appropriate antimicrobial standards and organisms. The phytochemical components of the methanol extracts were assessed by LC-MS/MS. Results: The methanol extract of C. balsamita exhibited much higher DPPH free and ABTS cation radicals scavenging activities (with IC50 of 62.65 +/- 0.97 and 24.21 +/- 0.70 mg/ml, respectively) than the other extracts. The petroleum ether extracts of the plant species exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against butyrylcholinesterase enzymes while the acetone extract of C. balsamita showed good antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Quinic acid (17513 +/- 813 mu g/g, 63874 +/- 3066 mu g/g and 108234 +/- 5195 mu g/g) was the major compound found in the methanol extracts of C. balsamita, C. depressa and C. Lycopifolia, respectively. Conclusion: These results indicate quinic acid is the major compound in the three plant species and that Centaurea balsamita has significant antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial properties. Further studies to identify the compounds in the extracts responsible for the activities are required.
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    Phytochemical Profiling by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS, In Vitro Antioxidant, In Vivo Antidiabetic, and Pro-Sexual Effects of Salvia balansae Noë Ex Coss. Flower Extract in Diabetic Male Rats
    (Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2025) Souidi, Wadjila S.; Belhocine, Mansouria; Bouzouina, Mohamed; Yilmaz, Mustafa A.; Feknous, Ines; Cakir, Oguz; Tarhan, Abbas
    Our study assessed the phytochemical composition and the effects of Salvia balansae flower aqueous extract (FAE) on sexual dysfunction in diabetic rats. Total phenolic and flavonoid content, quantification of phytochemicals by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method, and in vitro antioxidant capacity of FAE extract were elucidated. For the in vivo study, diabetes was induced by one intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (40 mg/kg), and treated diabetic rats were given FAE at 200 mg/kg. Rats were subjected to a sexual incentive motivation test (SIM) and a mating behavior test, and then serum testosterone levels and sperm quality were analyzed. Our study indicates that FAE contained a large amount of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, and 13 constituents were quantified; cynaroside (3.8 mg analyte/g extract) was the main compound, followed by rosmarinic acid (3.145 mg analyte/g extract), thus confirming its high antioxidant capacity. FAE treatment significantly reduced blood glucose levels, improved sexual motivation and copulatory behavior, increased testosterone levels, and enhanced sperm quality in diabetic-treated rats compared to diabetic untreated rats. The present work demonstrates the therapeutic potential of S. balansae flowers in enhancing reproductive function in diabetic rats, potentially through its antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and aphrodisiac properties.