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    Chromosomal abnormalities in non-obstructive azoospermic men prior to employment of assisted reproduction in Southeast Turkey
    (Japan International Cultural Exchange Foundation, 2015) Balkan M.; Atar M.; Kemal Hatipo?lu N.; Nuri Bodakçi M.; Çakmakçi S.; Yildiz I.; Siddik Evsen M.
    Objective: The causes of male infertility are heterogeneous but more than 50% of cases have a genetic defect. Chromosomal abnormalities that affect on gametogenesis are one of the principle genetic factors in male infertility. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency and type of chromosomal abnormalities in non-obstructive azoospermic men with severe male factor infertility to give appropriate genetic counseling before assisted reproduction techniques. Materials and Methods: A total of 114 azoospermic infertile males were studied for the cytogenetic evaluation prior to use of assisted reproduction techniques. A detailed history was taken for each man. Karyotyping was performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes according to standard methods. Results: The overall incidence of chromosomal abnormalities was about 22.8% (26/114), including the sex chromosome abnormality 19.3% and the autosomal chromosome abnormality 3.5%. Twenty one of 22 patients with sex chromosome abnormality had classic Klinefelter karyotype. There were 2 mosaic cases involving X and Y chromosomes. Of the four cases with autosomal chromosome anomalies, three cases had balanced reciprocal translocations and one case with inversion. FSH, LH and testosterone levels showed significant increase in azoospermic patients with abnormal karyotype when compared with the normal karyotype (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings are generally in accordance with those from other surveys and confirm that the XXY aneuploidy is the most frequent chromosomal abnormality in azoospermic individuals. The occurrence of chromosomal anomalies among infertile males suggests the need for genetic screening and proper genetic counselling before initiation of assisted reproduction treatment. © 2015 Japan Health Sciences University.
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    Effects of nicotine on rat tongue mucosa: Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses
    (Science Printers and Publishers Inc., 2016) Eratilla V.; Uysal I.; Deveci E.; Güneş R.F.; Eratilla E.; Yildiz I.; Söker S.
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the histopathological and immunohistochemical effects of systemically administered nicotine on rat tongue mucosa. STUDY DESIGN: Rats were assigned to one of two groups: the experimental group received nicotine systemically (nicotine sulphate 2 mg/kg subcutaneously daily for 28 days), while the rats in the control group were administered physiological saline (1.5 mL subcutaneously for 28 days). All animals were sacrificed at the end of the study, and tongue tissue samples were removed and prepared according to routine histological procedures. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and observed by light microscopy. Immunoreactivity of tongue mucosa was assessed with E-cadherin, collagen IV, and VEGF expression by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the average histopathological score between the nicotine-treated and untreated groups. Morphological changes, including inflammatory leukocyte infiltration and cellular desquamation, blood vessel dilation, hemorrhage, and epithelial degeneration, were noted. Further, E-cadherin expression was significantly decreased in the nicotine-treated group versus the untreated group. The nicotine treatment group showed an increase in collagen IV secondary papillae and basal cells. CONCLUSION: The increased level of VEGF expression in the nicotine-treated group may have affected endothelial cell apoptosis. © Science Printers and Publishers, Inc.
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    The possible association of polymorphisms in MTHFR, MTRR, and MTHFD1 genes with male infertility
    (2013) Balkan M.; Atar M.; Erdal M.E.; Yildiz I.; Hatipoğlu N.K.; Bodakç M.N.; Ay O.I.
    Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), methionine synthase reductase (MTRR), and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD1) polymorphisms in idiopathic infertile men and fertile men. Materials and Methods: Case-control study comprising a total of 233 individuals including 108 idiopathic infertile men with nonobstructive azoospermia and 125 fertile men as control. MTHFR C677T, A1298C; MTRR A66G; and MTHFD1 G1958A polymorphisms were studied by Real-Time PCR System. The results were analyzed statistically and a P value <. 05 was considered significant. The Chi square test was used to analyze the genotype distributions of polymorphisms. Results: Single-marker analysis revealed that none of the four polymorphisms was significantly associated with nonobstructive azoospermia. All groups were tested for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium takes place for MTHFR C677T (P < 0.05) a combination of controls and infertile group. We also performed a multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) analysis to investigate any potential epistatic interactions among the four polymorphisms and male infertility. We found a synergistic interaction between some polymorphisms (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings therefore suggest no individual but interactive association between four prominent folate metabolism pathway markers and male infertility among population in the Southeast Turkey. © 2013 Japan International Cultural Exchange Foundation & Japan Health Sciences University.