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Öğe Antioxidant Properties of Cultured Mycelia from Four Pleurotus Species Produced in Submerged Medium(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2013) Dundar, Abdurrahman; Okumus, Veysi; Ozdemir, Sadin; Yildiz, AbdunnasirThe ethanolic extracts of dried cultured mycelia of Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus florida, and Pleurotus sajor-caju were analyzed for antioxidant activity in different systems. Tests used are as follows: reducing power, free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, total antioxidant activity, metal chelating activitiy, etc.; total phenolic content was determined. The percentage inhibition of P. ostreatus, P. eryngii, P. florida, and P. sajor-caju at 20 mg/mL concentration on peroxidation in a -carotenelinoleic acid system was 57.19, 60.68, 62.12, and 58.81%, respectively. The reducing power of P. eryngii was higher than the other samples, and its value was 0.86 at 10 mg/mL concentration. P. ostreatus and P. sajor-caju proved to be better at scavenging superoxide anion radicals than the P. eryngii and P. florida. In the scavenging effect of DPPH radical test, P. ostreatus showed the highest activity potential and P. sajor-caju showed the strongest metal chelating capacity.Öğe Bioconversion Efficiencies of Lignocellulosic Soy Stalk by Pleurotus eryngii Strains(Foundation Environmental Protection & Research-Fepr, 2010) Yildirim, Numan; Yildiz, AbdunnasirThe bioconversion of soy stalk (SS) lignocellulose by three different starins of Pleurotus eryngii from various origins by solid state fermentation was studied during 40 days. The effect of rice bran ratio, 5% or 10% (w/w), on lignin degradation and laccase activity were measured througout the fermentations while, total crude protein and C/N ratio of the remaining substrate were determined at the end of the fermentations. The degradation of lignocellulose was found by the determination of acid soluble lignin (Klason lignin) content. All the strains degraded lignin with different extents. The amount of lignin degradation was decreased by the addition of the higher quantities of rice bran (SS+10% RB). The highest lignin degradation was obtained as 24.43% by P eryngii var. ferulae (E) and the highest protein level was found to be %13.32 by P eryngii (H). We determined that the laccase activity was generally decreased by the addition of the higher quantities of rice bran (10%). Maximum laccase activity (204.39 U/L) was obtained by P. eryngii (E) on SS + 5% RB at the end of the fermentation. This study showed that, after fungal treatment soy stalk can be used as a feed for ruminants with its higher feeding value.Öğe A Comparative Study on Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P.Kumm. Cultivated on Different Agricultural Lignocellulosic Wastes(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2009) Dundar, Abdurrahman; Yildiz, AbdunnasirFor the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P.Kumm. wheat stalk (WS), cotton stalk (CS), millet stalk (MS), and soybean stalk (SS) were used as the main material and oven-dried lentil straw (LS) was used as an additive material 100:10, 100:15, 100:20 w:w in weight for 100 g of main material (70% moisture). The shortest mycelium growing time (MOT) was 10.2 days, on the SS. while the longest was 18.8 days, on the CS. The shortest first harvest time (FHT) was 30 days, on SS + LS (90:10: w:w), and the longest was 46.4 days. on CS + LS (1100:20; w:w). The shortest total harvest time (THT) was as 62.6 days, on SS + LS (100:20; w:w), and the longest was 83.8 days, on CS + LS (100: 10: w:w) culture medium. The highest total harvest amount was 49.9 g, from SS + LS (100:20; w:w), while the lowest was 14.3 g, obtained from CS. The highest biologic efficiency degree (BED) and biologic conversion ratio (BCR) values were obtained from SS + LS (100:20; w:w), 166.18% and 16.53%, respectively. The highest first harvest amount percentage (FHAP) was on WS + LS (100:15; w:w), 62.83%; the highest second harvest amount percentage (SHAP) was obtained from SS + LS (100: 15; w:w) compost medium, 38.60%; and the highest third harvest amount percentage (THAP) value was 26.92%, on the CS culture medium.Öğe Cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex FR.) quel. on agricultural wastes(Univ Philippines Los Banos, 2007) Akydz, Mehmet; Yildiz, AbdunnasirThis study investigated the possible use of local agricultural wastes for the cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex Fr.);Quel. For the propagation of the main culture, 2.0 % malt extract agar (MEA) was used whereas wheat grains were used for the propagation of spawn. For the formation of basidiocarp, mixtures of wheat-cotton straw (WC), wheat-millet straw (WM) and wheat straw (W) were used as culture media. Three types of compost were prepared, consisting of a mixture of straws - W, WC (1:1) and WM (1:1). The three compost types were also supplemented with 15 % rice bran (RB). The shortest mycelium-growing period was 15 d on the average in wheat-cotton straw and the longest mycelium-growing period was 27 d in wheat-millet straw. The shortest period for the formation of primordium was 42 d on the average in wheat-cotton straw with peat soil or casing soil (CS) and the longest period was 58 d in wheat straw and in wheat-millet straw without casing soil. The longest period for the formation of the second primordium was 62 d in wheat-millet straw with casing soil. The shortest harvest period was 53 d on the average in wheat-cotton straw with casing soil, while the total harvest period was 72 d on the average in wheat-millet straw with casing soil. The highest biological efficiency (BE) was 73 % in wheat-cotton straw with casing soil, and the lowest BE was 50 % in wheat-millet straw with casing soil. The lowest average yield per 100 g of material (70 % moisture) was 15.0 g in wheat-millet straw with casing soil, while the highest yield was 22.0 g in wheat-cotton straw with casing soil. Based on the results, various local agricultural wastes can be used for the cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii.Öğe Effect of using different lignocellulosic wastes for cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. on mushroom yield, chemical composition and nutritional value(Academic Journals, 2009) Dundar, Abdurrahman; Acay, Hilal; Yildiz, AbdunnasirIn this study, the mushroom yield, chemical composition and nutritional value of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. cultivated in wheat stalk (WS), millet stalk (MS), soybean stalk (SS) and cotton stalk (CS) were determined. Fresh mushroom yield amounts (100 g of substrate, 70% moisture) obtained from WS, CS, MS and SS substrate media were 17.9, 14.3, 22.7 and 31.5 g, respectively. Samples of mushroom cultivated on different culture mediums were analysed for protein, energy, ash, fat, dietary fibre, carbohydrate, moisture, vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxin and niacin) and amino acid contents.Öğe The Effectiveness of Pleurotus eryngii Strains in Biodelignification of Cotton Stalk, Causing Environmental Hazard and Disposable Problem(Friends Science Publ, 2011) Yildirim, Numan; Yildiz, AbdunnasirBiodelignification of cotton stalk (CS) by Pleurotus eryngii collected from Tunceli and Elazig province of Turkey under solid state fermentation (SSF) was studied. The effect of the addition of varying concentration (5 & 10% w/w) of rice bran (RB) on lignin degradation and Carbon/Nitrogen (C/N) ratio were investigated. Klason lignin (KL) degradation was followed for 140 day. While substrate initially contained 28.66% KL, maximum lignin loss (69.68+/-1.05%), occurred on CS +5% RB, C/N ratio of non-fermented cotton stalk initially was 34.13+/-4.98% and after incubation this ratio decreased to 18.60+/-0.36% on CS without RB. It was concluded that P. eryngii strain collected from Tunceli province is very effective in delignifying cotton stalk. (C) 2011 Friends Science PublishersÖğe Evaluation of cellulosic wastes for the cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex Fr.) Quel(Academic Journals, 2008) Akyuez, Mehmet; Yildiz, AbdunnasirThis study investigated the possible use of local cellulosic wastes for the cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex Fr.) Quel. var. ferulae Lanzi and Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex Fr.) Quel. For the propagation of the main culture, 2.0% malt-extract agar was used whereas barley grains were used for the propagation of spawn. For the formation of basidiocarp, wheat straw (WS), soybean straw (SS) and bran of rice (RB) were used as culture media. Three types of compost were prepared: a mixture of WS-SS (1: 1), WS and SS. The three compost types were also supplemented with 5.0 and 10.0% of RB. The shortest mycelium growing period was determined as average 8 days on SS and the longest period was 17 days on WS + 10.0% RB. In addition, the shortest mycelium growing period for P. eryngii var. ferulae was determined as average 12 days on WS + 10.0% RB, while the longest period was 18 days on WS-SS (1: 1) + 5.0% RB. The shortest primordium formation period for P. eryngii was determined as 36 days on SS + 10.0% RB, while the longest period was 95 days on WS + 5.0% RB. In addition, for P. eryngii var. ferulae, there was no basidiocarp formation on any trial after mycelium growth on the compost even after 108 days of culture. The first harvest period for P. eryngii was determined as average 48 days on SS + 10.0% RB, and the total harvest period was 108 days on WS + 5.0% and WS + 10.0% RB. The highest biological efficiency ( BE) was 93% on WS-SS (1: 1) + 5.0% RB and the lowest BE was 7% on WS + 10.0% RB. The lowest average yield per 100 g of material (70% moisture) was 2.0 g on WS + 10.0% RB, while the highest yield was 28.0 g on WS-SS (1: 1) + 5.0% RB. In conclusion, various local agricultural wastes can be used for the cultivation of P. eryngii.Öğe EVALUATION OF THREE STRAINS OF Pleurotus eryngii ISOLATED FROM GEOGRAPHICALLY DIFFERENT REGIONS OF TURKEY FOR THEIR ABILITY TO DECOLORIZE METHYLENE BLUE AND CHRYSTAL VIOLET(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2010) Yildirim, Numan; Yildirim, Nuran Cikcikoglu; Yildiz, AbdunnasirIn this study, the ability to decolorize two chemically different synthetic dyes (methylene blue and crystal violet) by Pleurotus eryngii strains collected from geographically different regions of Turkey was evaluated on agar plates in static liquid cultures. For all strains, growth and decolorization halos were determined on malt extract agar plates containing 0.4 and 0.6 g/L of crystal violet (CV) or methylene blue (MB). Each P. eryngii strain showed certain decolorization capacities and was able to decolorize both MB and CV under static liquid culture conditions, but not to the same extent. The presence of the dyes in static liquid culture reduced the biomass production of all strains in comparison with control culture growing in the medium without dyes. In solid medium, a positive correlation was found between growth halo and decolorization halo.Öğe Flask and reactor scale production of plant growth regulators by Inonotus hispidus: optimization, immobilization and kinetic parameters(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2023) Dogan, Bilal; Yildiz, Zeki; Aksoz, Nilufer; Eninanc, Ayse Betul; Dag, Ilknur; Yildiz, Abdunnasir; Dogan, Hasan HuseyinThe aims of the presented study are to compare submerged, static, and solid-state fermentation in the production of gibberellic acid (GA(3)), indole acetic acid (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) by Inonotus hispidus, to optimize with a statistical approach, and to determine the kinetic parameters under flask and reactor conditions. The maximum concentrations of GA(3), (2478.85 & PLUSMN; 68.53 mg/L), ABA, (273.26 & PLUSMN; 6.17 mg/L) and IAA (30.67 & PLUSMN; 0.19 mg/L) were obtained in submerged conditions. After optimization, these values reached 2998.85 & PLUSMN; 28.85, 339.47 & PLUSMN; 5.50, and 34.56 & PLUSMN; 0.25 mg/L, respectively. Immobilization of fungal cells on synthetic fiber, polyurethane foam, and alginate beads resulted in an increase in plant growth regulators (PGR) production by 5.53%- 5.79% under optimized conditions. At the reactor scale, a significant increase was observed for GA(3) concentration, 5441.54 mg/L, which was 2.14 and 1.45 times higher than non-optimized and optimized conditions in the flask scale, respectively. The maximum values for ABA and IAA were 390.39 and 44.79 mg/L, respectively. Although the specific growth rate (& mu;) decreases relatively from non-optimized flask conditions to optimized reactor conditions, it was observed that the PGR amounts produced per liter medium (r(p)) and per gram biomass (Q(p)) increased significantly. This is the first report on the synthesis of PGR by Inonotus hispidus which could be crucial for sustainable agriculture.Öğe The investigation on physico-chemical parameters of the textile effluents after treatment by white rot fungus Pleurotus djamor(Elsevier Science Bv, 2012) Yildirim, Numan; Tanyol, Mehtap; Dere, Turgay; Cumurcu, Aysenur; Yildiz, Abdunnasir[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Yield performances and nutritional contents of three oyster mushroom species cultivated on wheat stalk(Academic Journals, 2008) Dundar, Abdurrahman; Acay, Hilal; Yildiz, AbdunnasirThis study was conducted to determine nutritive value and yield performance of the three types of oyster mushroom; Pleurotus eryngii (Dc. Ex Fr.) quel), Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.: Fr.) Kumm.) and Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer, cultivated on wheat stalk. The total fresh mushroom yields obtained with 100 g material (70% misture) after the three harvests and the total harvest time were calculated. P. sajor-caju gave the highest yield as 20.2 g. The yield of P. ostreatus was 17.9 g and the lowest yield was P. eryngii, 4.5 g. Total harvest time of mushrooms were determined. As the P. sajor-caju was harvested in 67.46 days, P. ostreatus was harvested in 82.64 days and P. eryngii was harvested in 85.27 days. For chemical composition analysis the fruiting bodies of mushrooms were collected after the first productive flow and dried in an oven at 60 C at a constant weight and kept under refrigeration at 4 C. Energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, dietary fibre, moisture, ash (g in 100 g dried matter) and amino acids (mg in 1 g dried matter) of mushrooms were analysed. In P. eryngii and P. sajor-caju the highest amount of amino acid was from aspartic acid and the lowest was from methionine. The highest and the lowest amino acid amount in P. ostreatus were from glutamic acid and methionine, respectively. The histidine amino acid was just detected in P. eryngii but hydroxy-L-proline was not detected in mushrooms. The energy (kcal/100 g dried matter), fat, protein, carbohydrate, dietary fibre, moisture and ash (g/100 g dried matter) values of P. eryngii were 276.33, 11.95, 7.50, 39.85, 28.45, 7.23 and 4.89, respevtively. These values for P. ostreatus were 243.66, 17.12, 2.60, 37.87, 30.25, 7.39 and 4.78, respectively. The values for P. sajor-caju were 229.22, 16.75, 1.15, 37.72, 30.67, 7.42 and 5.84, respectively.
