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    Bruxism: is it a new sign of the cardiovascular diseases?
    (Verduci Publisher, 2011) Atilgan, Z.; Buyukkaya, R.; Yaman, F.; Tekbas, G.; Atilgan, S.; Gunay, A.; Palanci, Y.
    Aim: To determine the relationship between bruxism and cardiovascular diseases. Materials and Methods: 120 patients who referred to the Dentistry Faculty with the complaint of bruxism were selected. All patients gave informed consent for participation in the study. All of the patients were examined and bruxism was classified. And also these were examined by B-mode ultrasound to measure the Intima Media Thickness (IMT) at the far wall of the common carotid artery. A wide range of vascular risk factors including age, gender, body mass index, and previous history were surveyed. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to ascertain quantitative comparison, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for comparison of means Results: There were 66 (55%) male and 54 (45%) female patients, with a female to male ratio of 1/1.2. The mean age was 35.6 +/- 1,25 years (range 18-65 years). In the analysis of bruxism classification and IMT there was a statistical significance between bruxism classification subgroup 1, 2, 3 and IMT. There was no statistical significance between bruxism classification Subgroup 4 and IMT due to the small number of the patients (n=12). Conclusions: Stressful situations can cause both bruxism and cardiovascular disease such as coronary artery diseases, hypertension, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy. The statistical analysis supported this hypothesis. However, we need to new studies with large number of samples to confirm this hypothesis. Clearly, future studies in this field will need to take into consideration the influence of the following variables: age, use of medication or drugs, smoking habits, and other sleep disorders.
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    Central giant cell lessions (CGCL) of the jaws in children - The review of 34 cases
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2007) Tamrikulu, R.; Erol, B.; Yilmaz, U.; Yaman, F.; Atilgan, S.
    The aim of this study was to evaluate CGCL in children in regard with age and gender of patients, and location and site of lessions. The study was conducted on 29 cases of CGCG, 4 cases of CGT and one cherubism, which were recovered from the archives of our department by searching the files from 1988 to 2005 for the age group ranging from 4 to 15 years of age. The ratios of the variables under question (occurence, gender location and site) to total cases (percentages), mathematical averages and the statistical comparison of age distribution were used for estimations as the methods of the study. The percentage of CGCL in male 68% is significantly higher than that of female 38%, whereas the occurence of the lessions in mandibula 68% is greater than that of maxilla 29%. Also, the occurence of the tumors in anterior position 57% is higher than that in all the other positions 43%. No significant difference was found among groups for the age distribution. The present data indicates a male predilection and a preponderance of anterior position of mandibula for the studied age group.
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    An experimental comparison of the effects of calcium sulfate particles and ?-tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite granules on osteogenesis in internal bone cavities
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2007) Atilgan, S.; Yaman, F.; Yilmaz, U.; Gorgun, B.; Unlu, G.
    This experimental study was carried out to investigate the effect of medical grade calcium sulphate and beta-tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite on new bone formation. Additionally, the study compared these materials for infection, resorption, biocompatibility, immune reaction, fibrotic encapsulation, foreign body reaction and physical attachment. Forty, five-month-old female Wistar Albino rats were used. The 40 rats in the study were divided into 2 groups. Medical grade calcium sulphate particles (SurgiPlaster(R), Bio-Lok International Company) were applied to the rats in group 1 and beta-tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite granules (Camceram(R) Cam Implants by an osteotech, Inc. Company) to those in group 2. On days 10, 21, 30 and 60 postoperatively the femurs were sacrificed and investigated histopathologically. The Mann-Whitney U test was applied to the data obtained as a result of the histopathological analysis of the specimens. No statistically significant differences were observed between the 2 groups. In conclusion, it was determined that both materials resulted in similar fibrous tissue and inflammation responses, that their biocompatibilities were very good and that they did not cause foreign body reaction. Osteogenesis also was observed in the 2 groups after day 21. The effects of calcium sulphate on bone formation were faster than those of beta-tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite. Osteogenesis was not completed to the same extent in the calcium sulphate group as in the beta-tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite group.
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    Experimental investigation of relationship between trauma and bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis
    (MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS & MEDIA PVT LTD, B-9, KANARA BUSINESS CENTRE, OFF LINK RD, GHAKTOPAR-E, MUMBAI, 400075, INDIA, 2014) Ağaçayak, K. S.; Yüksel, H.; Atılgan, S.; Koparal, M.; Uçan, M. C.; Özgöz, M.; Yaman, F.; Atalay, Y.; Acıkan, I.
    Background: Bisphosphonate (BP)-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) disease is rare, but there are serious side-effects of BP therapy in patients. In some patients, surgery is needed and could not be cured. A standard test is not available showing the risk of jaw osteonecrosis in routine use. The measurement of serum C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) levels has been used in diseases of BRONJ resorption and antiresorptive therapy. Aim: This paper is aimed at investigating the relationship between traumatic procedures and presence of BP-related osteonecrosis. Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar albino rats with weighing 200 +/- 20 g were used for the experimental procedures. Rats were randomly divided into three groups each containing 10 rats as follows: Group 1 (traumatic extraction group), Group 2 (atraumatic extraction group), and Group 3 (control group). All groups, zoledronic acid (ZA) (0.3 mg/kg/week)([1]) was diluted with physiological saline and given subcutaneously for 2 months. After the 2 months, Group 1 was subjected to traumatic extraction of right first lower molars, and Group 2 was subjected to atraumatic extractions of the right first lower molars. Group 3 was subjected to no extractions as a control group. Animals were euthanized 32 days after tooth extractions, and the ZA administration protocol was maintained until the animals' death. After sacrifice, blood samples were collected for C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-1) levels, clinical and radiological findings were recorded. Results: The bone resorption marker CTX-1 showed a significant difference among the groups. CTX-1 was measured significantly higher in blood samples of Group 2 (4.15 +/- 0.34; P = 0.001) than Group 1 (3.77 +/- 0.34; P = 0.0001). No, statistically significant changes were found between Groups 1 and 2 as for clinical and radiological assessment. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary observations for the development of an animal model of BRONJ. Although clinical and radiological findings were not relevant, serum CTX values are reliable biochemical markers for predicting BRONJ and also atraumatic surgical procedures are important to prevent BRONJ.
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    Frequency of respiratory function disorders among dental laboratory technicians working under conditions of high dust concentration
    (Verduci Publisher, 2013) Abakay, A.; Atilgan, S.; Abakay, O.; Atalay, Y.; Guven, S.; Yaman, F.; Palanci, Y.
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dental laboratory technicians (DLTs) have much exposure to mineralogical dust that may have adverse effects on their lung health. The aim of our study was to investigate occupational dust exposure, and to determine the frequency of respiratory function disorders and radiologic abnormalities among DLTs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study enrolled 94 DLTs who were exposed to dust in dental laboratories and 94 control subjects. Dust concentrations in the workplaces were measured. RESULTS: The mean age of DLTs was 30.70 +/- 9.84 years. No significant difference was found between the DLTs and the control groups for age or smoking status (p > 0.05). Spirometric values for the DLTs were found to be lower than the control group (p < 0.05). The mean working period for DLTs was 9.19 +/- 5.9 years. The pulmonary function test results for the DLTs showed that 65.9% had a normal pattern, 22.4% were restrictive, and 11.7% showed obstructive type pulmonary function disorder. Negative correlations were found between the working period time and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second in the DLTs (R = -0.675 p = 0.000). Negative correlations were also found between working period time and Forced Vital Capacity in the DLTs (R = -0.720 p = 0.000). All DLTs had chest X-rays and 16 (17%) of them showed radiological pneumoconiosis. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a negative association between level of respiratory function and working period in DLTs.
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    Influence of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on bone healing in a rat model
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2013) Ucan, M. C.; Koparal, M.; Agacayak, S.; Gunay, A.; Ozgoz, M.; Atilgan, S.; Yaman, F.
    Objective To examine the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE; a component of honey bee-hive propolis with antioxidant, anti-inFLammatory, antiviral and anticancer properties) on bone regeneration and fibrotic healing in a rat model. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=63; mean age 7 weeks; weight 280-490g) were randomly divided into three groups: A, cranial defect with no bone healing treatment (n=21); B, cranial defect treated with CAPE (n=21); C, cranial defect treated with CAPE and -tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyl apatite (n=21). Rats were anaesthetized with ketamine (8mg/100g) by intraperitoneal injection and a cranial critical size bone defect was created. Following surgery, CAPE (10 mu mol/kg) was administered by daily intraperitoneal injection. Seven rats in each group were killed at days 7, 15 and 30 following surgery. Bone regeneration, fibrotic healing and osteoblast activity were evaluated by histopathology. Results Statistically significant differences in healing were found between all groups. There were no statistically significant within-group differences between day 7 and 15. At day 30, bone healing scores were significantly higher in groups B and C compared with group A. Conclusion CAPE significantly improved bone-defect healing in a rat model, suggesting that CAPE has beneficial effects on bone healing.
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    MR T1 and T2 relaxations in cysts and abscesses measured by 1.5 T MRI
    (British Inst Radiology, 2012) Yilmaz, U. N.; Yaman, F.; Atilgan, S. S.
    Objectives: The main objective of this study was to make a comparison between the relaxation rates in jaw cysts and abscesses. Such a comparison should provide quantitative information for MR image analysis. Methods: A phantom containing 20 odontogenic jaw cysts and 11 jaw abscesses was imaged with 1.5 T MR. T-1 measurements were performed by using a mixed sequence of inversion recovery and spin echo, while T-2 measurements were carried out by the Carr-Purcell Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) sequence. Cystic fluids and abscesses were compared statistically. Results: In cysts and abscesses, respectively, the mean 1/T-1 was 0.9355 s(-1) and 0.8245 s(-1) and the mean 1/T-2 was 2.4575 s(-1) and 4.7073 s(-1). The 1/T-2 in cysts was very highly significantly different from that in abscesses (p = 0.0001). Both T-1 and T-2 were linearly proportional to material contents. T-2 relaxivities [26.458 ml(g s)(-1) for abscesses and 21.455 ml (g s)(-1) for cysts] were higher than T-1 relaxivities [5.4766 ml (g s)(-1) for abscesses and 10.075 ml (g s)(-1) for cysts]. Discussion: Present T-2 measurements differentiate cysts from abscesses with a confidence interval of 95%. Because in vivo and in vitro image contrasts are changed by the same parameters, the T-2 findings should present valuable information for in vivo MRI. Hence the significant difference and the relaxivities may provide quantitative information for clinicians and researchers making image analyses. Conclusion: T-2 may differentiate cysts from abscesses. The difference in T-2 is related to the material content of samples. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology (2012) 41, 385-391. doi: 10.1259/dmfr/96188015
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    Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors may facilitate bone defect recovery
    (Verduci Publisher, 2011) Yaman, F.; Atilgan, S.; Gunes, N.; Agacayak, S.; Gunay, A.; Ucan, M. C.; Bakir, S.
    Background and Objectives: Bone healing is still one of the most important problems of the oral and maxillofacial surgery procedures. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of sildenafil citrate (which is used for erectile dysfunction) on bone defect healing in an experimental animal model. Materials and Methods: A total of 42 male Wistar-albino rats were randomly assigned to the control group (n=21) or the study group (n=21). The control group was fed on a standard laboratory diet until 12 h before surgery, whereas the study group received Sildenafil citrate via orogastric tube 10 mg/kg once a day for 30 days. Under anaesthesia, a 3x3x2 mm depth defect was made on tibia of each rat. 7 animals from each group were euthanised on postoperative days 7,15 and 30. Bone samples were taken for examination, histologically on day 7, by 3D dental tomography on day 15, and for bone strength resistance on day 30. Results: Statistically significant differences were determined between the groups from the inflammatory and repair phase, with the healing process being more advanced in the Sildenafil group. Conclusions: Sildenafil citrate can be used as a supporting factor to accelerate the healing process of bone. In future comprehensive studies will need to demonstrate the Sildenafil citrate affect on bone defect healing.
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    A THREE DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF RECONSTRUCTION PLATES USED IN DIFFERENT MANDIBULAR DEFECTS
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2010) Atilgan, S.; Erol, B.; Yardimeden, A.; Yaman, F.; Ucan, M. C.; Gunes, N.; Atalay, Y.
    In this study, the reasons of breaking of the reconstruction plates used in mandibular continuity or mandibular defects were investigated. The study was conducted on 3 cases in which reconstruction plates were used for tumor resection or invasive wound. The objective was to evaluate the mechanical stress in reconstruction plates by means of the finite element method. Three dimensional model of reconstruction plate was exposed to chewing force. A commercial finite element solver (ANSYS) was then applied to this plate to compute the stresses generated in chewing situation. Stress analyses have been carried out by applying Von Mises Yielding Criteria. In the standard reconstruction plate, the results of the finite element analysis revealed that stress resulting from the simulated functional loadings which far exceeded the strengths of the components. The main application of this study was the prediction of fractures as a consequence of known forces. If it was assumed that the patient executes several thousand masticatory movements within a week, a dynamic strain would be present due to the large number of changes in loading, so that there was a danger of a fatigue fracture at the point of the stress concentration (as seen in the analysis), as is also confirmed by clinical practice.