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Öğe Determination and comparison of metal analysis in the species belonging to different families by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)(2022) Umaz, Adil; Fırat, Mehmet; Aydın, Fırat; Ertaş, AbdulselamThe consumption of plants and their use for medicinal purposes are increasing day by day. Therefore, knowing the plant contents is important for human health. In this study, metal contents of nineteen species belonging to four different families were determined. Different species belonging to the same genus belonging to these families and metal contents of different parts of the same sample were compared with each other. The metal contents of different species of the same genus have been determined that be different from each other. The metal contents of different parts of the same species were determined that be different from each other. In addition, the Cd and Pb metal content results of the species were compared with the maximum allowable concentration values in raw plant material of the World Health Organization's (WHO). Cd metal content in all species was found to be higher than the value determined by the WHO. Only the Pb metal content of the A3 species was found to be higher than the value determined by WHO.Öğe Determination and comparison of metal contents in simulated body fluid medium conditions of the plant species by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS)(Marmara University, 2022) Umaz, Adil; Aydın, Fırat; Ölmez, Özge Tokul; Fırat, Mehmet; Öztürk, Mehmet; Ertaş, Abdulselam; Aydın, IşılThe importance of plants in folk medicine and scientific studies is increasing day by day. In this context, the plants pose a danger to human health when they are eaten by the public, consumed as herbal tea or used as medicinal plants especially the toxic metals in their composition. For this reason, determining the macro, micro and toxic element content in the plants is important for health. In this study; the metal contents of root and aerial parts of nine different Salvia species were determined and the chemometric evaluation of the obtained results was made. In the principal component analysis (PCA) made with 20 elements of Salvia species, it was determined that the first two principal components explained 62.60% of the variance and the first six principal components explained 92.70%. When PCA and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) results are evaluated; the parts of Salvia species root and aerial parts were determined that were not clearly separated and there was no regional grouping. In addition, Salvia species prepared as herbal tea was left to different simulated body fluid medium conditions, and the changes in metal contents were examined. It was determined that were taken up Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn metals in the simulated saliva fluid (SSF), Ni, Mn metals in the simulated gastric fluid (SGF), and Na, K metals in the simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). It was determined that Fe metal in almost all Salvia species was not taken from three simulated body fluid mediums. Thus, elements determined which were taken up in body fluid mediums.Öğe Determination of hydroxymethylfurfural in Turkish honeys, pekmez (grape molasses), and jam samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection(Wiley, 2022) Elmastaş, Ayhan; Aydın, Fırat; Umaz, Adil; Kılınç, Ersin; Arslan, Yasin; Aydın, IşılHydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a chemical contaminant that is not naturally present in carbohydrate-containing food samples. The HMF amounts were changed between 4.8 and 214.1 mg/kg in honey; between 7.8 and 204.0 mg/kg in pekmez (grape molasses); between 5.9 and 22.4 mg/kg in strawberry jam; between 6.0 and 65.4 mg/kg in apricot jam; and between 9.2 and 55.9 mg/kg in cherry found by HPLC. The linear calibration plot of HMF was ranged from 0.05 to 10.0 mu g/ml. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.99997. LOD and LOQ values were found to be 12.0 and 40.0 ng/ml, respectively. According to the experimental results, HMF amounts of four honey samples, three pekmez (grape molasses) samples, one apricot jam, and one cherry jam for investigated samples were found to be higher than the permission amount of Turkish Food Codex. Novelty impact statement Based on experimental results in this study, if the honey is in a transparent package such as a glass, it should be stored in a dark environment. It would be healthier to prefer molasses produced by reliable brands at low temperatures under vacuum instead of molasses made with traditional methods in open boilers. Generally, since jams with high HMF amount have an overcooked or even burnt flavor, this is an extremely negative situation for consumers.Öğe Determination of multi-elemental analysis and antioxidant activities of Helichrysum arenarium (L.) moench species(Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2023) Umaz, Adil; Umaz, Kader; Aydın, Fırat; Aydın, IşılIn this study, multi-elemental analysis and antioxidant activity of samples belonging to two different populations of Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench known as the immortal flower was determined. The results obtained were compared among themselves. Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Na, Li, Be, B, Ti, Cr, Ni, Zn, Mo, and Pb element contents of the sample belonging to the B population were determined that be higher than that of the other population. The K, V, Mn, Co, Cu, As, Se, Sn, and Ba element contents of the sample belonging to the G population were determined that be higher than that of the other population. When the antioxidant activity results of the species were evaluated; according to the CUPRAC (Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity) method, the sample extracts of the B and G populations were determined that showed lower activity than the standard BHA, BHT, and Trolox values at 20 and 40 µg/mL concentrations, and showed close activity compared to the standards at 80 µg/mL concentrations. The species was determined that be antioxidant activity even at low concentrations. According to DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method, the antioxidant activity of the extract of the B and G populations was determined as 22.95 and 23.76 mg TE/ mL, respectively.Öğe Determination of zinc in dried nuts by slotted quartz tube-flame atomic absorption spectrometry (SQT-FAAS) with citric acid-coated magnetic nanoparticle (CAMNP) based solid phase extraction (SPE)(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Umaz, Kader; Umaz, Adil; Aydın, Işıl; Aydın, FıratThis study reports a sensitive method for trace zinc using slotted quartz tube-flame atomic absorption spectrometry (SQT-FAAS) with citric acid-coated magnetic nanoparticle-solid phase extraction (CAMNP-SPE). To increase the efficiency, we univariately optimized the pH, buffer volume, CAMNP mass, eluent concentration and volume, mixing type and time, temperature, and interaction time. The study identified the limits of detection and quantification values for CAMNP-SPE-SQT-FAAS under the specified optimum conditions to be 12.30 and 41.00 μg L−1, respectively. The newly developed method improved the detection power of traditional FAAS by 13.25 times. The findings of this study report a sensitive and accurate method to determine trace zinc in complex matrices.Öğe Doğu Anadolu'da Gıda Olarak Tüketilen Bazı Türlerin Multi-element Analizi: Bu Türlerin Element İçeriklerinin Karşılaştırılması(Dicle Üniversitesi, 2022) Umaz, Adil; Aydın, Fırat; Fırat, Mehmet; Ertaş, AbdulselamBu çalışmada, gıda ve tıbbiamaçlar için kullanılan bazı bitki türlerinin (Arum conophalloides,Arum detruncatum, Ornithogalum narbonense Muscari comosumve Lippia citrodora) multi-element içerikleri indüktif eşleşmiş plazmalı kütle spektrometresi (ICP-MS) ile tayin edilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan türler önce mikrodalga çözünürleştirme işleminde derişik nitrik asit ve hidrojen peroksit ilave edilerek yakma işlemi yapılmıştır. Daha sonra elde edilen çözelti son hacim 100 mL olacak şekilde seyreltilmiş ve ICP-MS ile analiz edilmiştir. Aynı cinsin farklı türlerinin element içerikleri birbiriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu cinslere ait türlerin element içerikleri birbirinden farklı olduğu ve bu farlılık ise bitkinin genetik yapısı, coğrafi konum, iklim ve çevre koşullarına bağlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, bu çalışmada metot validasyon çalışması yapılmıştır.Öğe Evaluation as time-dependent of pesticides applied in pre-harvest period of grown vegetables: removal of pesticide residues in the vegetables(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Elmastas, Ayhan; Umaz, Adil; Pirinc, Vedat; Aydin, FiratPesticide use has benefits such as increasing the quality and amount of food required to sustain the human population. However, its harmful effects on the environment and human health are of great concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate concentrations as timedependent of the pesticide and the removal of pesticide residues in vegetable samples with the aid of the QuEChERS 2007.01 procedure. The analytical method has been validated according to SANTE/12682/2019. Good linearity (2.5-100 ng/mL, R-2 > 0.99) was observed, and the recovery yields ranged from 94.76% to 104.03%, repeatability (RSDr) ranged from 2.33% to 4.59% and reproducibility (RSDwR) ranged from 4.06% to 8.40%. LOD and LOQ values were determined to be 3.00 ng/g and 10.00 ng/g, respectively. The grown tomato, eggplant and cucumber samples were sprayed with drugs against pests and diseases. Imidacloprid in the grown tomato, cucumber and eggplant samples was determined to be 0.026, 0.186 and 0.096 mg/kg, respectively. Trifloxystrobin was determined to be 0.102, 0.129 and 0.063 mg/kg, respectively. It was determined that pesticide residue in vegetable samples decreases by washing and peeling but does not disappear completely. The peeling process was determined to be more effective than washing. The concentration of pesticide residues in the shell part was found to be hight than in the whole product. Thus, it is important to consume vegetables with their skin peeled and to consume the unpeeled ones by washing them with water at least.Öğe Gümüş nanomalzeme sentezi ve antimikrobiyal uygulamaları(Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi, 2019) Saydut, Abdurrahman; Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Umaz, AdilÇevre dostu sentez yöntemlerinin her geçen gün daha etkin olması ve nanopartiküllerin (NP’lerin) kullanım alanlarının yaygınlığı bu yöntemlere olan ilginin oldukça artmasına neden olmaktadır. Biz atık durumunda ki zeytin yapraklarından elde ettiğimiz özüt ile gümüş nano partikülleri (AgNP’leri) basit, ucuz ve çevre dostu bir yöntemle sentezledik. Bu partiküllerin Ultraviyole ve Görünür Işık Absorpsiyon Spektroskopi (UVVis.), Fourıer Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi Spektroskopisi (FTIR), X-Işınları Kırınım Cihazı (XRD), Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu- Enerji Yayılımlı X-ışını (SEM-EDX) ve Termo Gravimetrik (TGA-DTA) analizleri kullanılarak karakterizasyon işlemi yapılmıştır. Antibiyotik dirençliliği günümüz dünyasının ciddi sorunlarından biri bu sebeple elde edilen partiküllerin patojen gram pozitif Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, gram negatif Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 suşları ve Candida albicans mayası üzerinde etkili bir anti-mikrobiyal aktivite gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. AgNP’lerin MİK (Minimum İnhibisyon Konsantarasyon) değerleri sırası 0.112, 0.028, ve 0.007 olarak bulunmuştur.Öğe İki Farklı Lokasyona ait Altın Otunun (Helichrysum arenarium) Uçucu Bileşenlerinin Belirlenmesi ve Karşılaştırılması(Gümüşhane Üniversitesi, 2020) Umaz, Adil; Umaz, KaderBu çalışmada, 2019 yılı Haziran-Ağustos ayında iki farklı bölgede toplanan Altın Otunun (Helichrysum arenarium) Katı Faz Mikro Ekstraksiyon (SPME) yöntemi kullanılarak uçucu bileşenleri Gaz Kromatografisi-Kütle Spektroskopisi (GC-MS) ile belirlendi. Bitlis Nemrut Krater Gölü çevresindeki Altın Otu örneğinde toplam 21 adet uçucu bileşen tespit edilirken, Giresun’un Şebinkarahisar İlçesi’nin dağlık bölgelerindeki Altın Otu örneğinde toplam 33 adet uçucu bileşen tespit edildi. Bitlis Nemrut Krater Gölü çevresindeki Altın Otunda ?-sedren (% 26.65), ?-pinen (% 14.97), ?-humulen (% 10.65), aromadendren (% 6.79), ?-kurkumen (% 6.31), germakren B (% 4.43), ?-kadinen (% 3.82), ökaliptol (% 3.57), ?-duprezianen (% 3.57) ve limonen (% 2.69) uçucu ana bileşen olarak tespit edilirken, Giresun Şebinkarahisar İlçesinin dağlık alanlarındaki Altın Otuna ait örnekte ?-pinen (% 47.63), ?-himakhalen (% 17.01), ?-humulen (% 5.21), ?-kadinen (% 4.98), ?-kadinen (% 4.01) ve ökaliptol (% 3.46) uçucu ana bileşen olarak tespit edildi.Öğe An investigation and comparison of concentration change in simulated body fluid medium conditions of the calcium element in 27 different salvia species(Istanbul University, 2023) Umaz, Adil; Aydın, Fırat; Fırat, Mehmet; Yener, İsmail; Ertaş, Abdülselam; Elmastaş, AyhanBackground and Aims: In this study, calcium (Ca) element concentration changes of Salvia species in simulated body fluid (SBF) medium conditions were investigated and the results in these medium conditions were compared with each other. Methods: Salvia species samples were air-dried and ground into powder. Salvia species was prepared as a herbal tea. Prepared teas were left in three different SBF medium conditions. The samples were analyzed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS) method to determine the Ca absorptions. Also, a correlation analysis of the results obtained in three different SBF medium conditions and the species in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) medium conditions was performed. Results: When the SBF medium conditions were compared, it was determined that the highest Ca absorption of all Salvia species occurred in the SGF conditions. Thus, it can be said that the Ca in plants and foods occurs in the gastric fluid medium and its absorption occurs there. When the result of the correlation analysis was evaluated, it was determined that there was a stronger correlation between the SGF and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) mediums compared to other mediums. Conclusion: The Ca absorption was determined according to what remained in the SGF the most. Based on the results obtained from SBF medium conditions, it can be said which element is taken in which body fluid medium. Information on the differences between samples belonging to different SBF medium conditions was not obtained. However, when the simulated fluid medium conditions were evaluated individually, information was obtained for two or more samples.Öğe Investigation of changes against time in the artificial gastric liquid medium of pesticide active substances(Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2021) Elmastaş, Ayhan; Umaz, Adil; Aydın, FıratIn this study, grown tomato samples were examined changes of pesticide active substances by two different methods in the artificial gastric liquid (AGL) medium prepared. In the first method, Trifloxystrobin and Imidacloprid pesticide active substances were sprayed on the tomato samples before the harvest period. Time-dependent change of the active substance of Trifloxystrobin; although initially 83.17 ng g-1, it was determined as 24.71 ng g-1 in 240 min. The concentration of this active substance was determined that decreased with time and the % change was 70.29. While Imidacloprid active substance initially was 10.20 ng g-1, it was determined as 10.32 ng g-1 at 240 min. It was determined that this active substance did not change between the first and the last concentration depending on the time. In the second method, 75 pesticide active substances were spiked to the tomato sample and the time-dependent change in the AGL medium was examined. The concentration of 10 active substances that above 70% of the change rate was determined that there was a statistical decrease depending on the time % changes in the range between 0-240 min. The concentration of 30 active substances in below 70% of the change rate was determined that did not a statistical decrease as depending on time. however, % changes were observed that there was a certain thought at different rates between the first and the last concentration after 240 min. The last 15 active substances 240 min concentrations were determined that increased of % changes compared to 0 min.Öğe Quantitative determination and removal of pesticide residues in fresh vegetables and fruit products by LC–MS/ MS and GC–MS/MS(Springer Science and Business Media, 2023) Elmastaş, Ayhan; Umaz, Adil; Pirinç, Vedat; Aydın, FıratPesticides are the potent agrochemicals used to successfully manage, repel, or stop pests and weeds in agricultural production. This study analyzed 222 pesticide active substances in 90 samples of seven different vegetables and fruits acquired from producers through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) technology. The validation parameters of each pesticide’s active substances were determined. The LOD, LOQ values, and recovery studies of the 222 active substances were 3.00, 10.00 ng/g, and between 76.07 and 108.08%, respectively. The correlation coefficients and measurement uncertainty were determined to be between 0.990–0.999 and 8.91– 31.46%, respectively. There were active substances of chlorpyrifos, acetamiprid, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, malathion, dieldrin, boscalid, triticonazole, tebuconazole, triadimenol, trifloxystrobin, pirimicarb, and dodine among the vegetable and fruit samples used in the study. There were no active substances in 55 (61%) samples. Among the 35 samples (39%), 31 samples (34%) contained only one active substance, whereas four (5%) contained two active substances. However, the amount of active substances in six (7%) samples was above the maximum residue levels (MRL) limits. Various processes used in the study revealed that peeling was the most effective pesticide residue removal strategy. The washing procedure also proved that it reduced some pesticide residues but failed to eliminate all pesticides. The peeling process successfully reduced a significant amount of the active substances from the products, however, residues remained. Washing the fruits with hot water was also effective in removing residues. As a result, analyses of the peeled sections yielded higher pesticide residue concentrations than those of the entire product.Öğe Spektroskopik yöntemlerle ülkemizin doğu bölgesinde yetişen 200 tıbbi ve aromatik bitki türünün metal analizleri ve kemometrik değerlendirilmesi(Dicle Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2021) Umaz, Adil; Aydın, Fırat; Ertaş, AbdulselamHalk tıbbında ve bilimsel çalışmalarda bitkilerin önemi her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu çerçevede, özellikle halk arasında bitkilerin yenilmesi, bitkisel çay olarak tüketilmesi veya tıbbi bitki olarak kullanılmasıyla özellikle bünyelerindeki toksik metaller insan sağlığı açısından tehlike oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle bitkilerdeki makro, mikro ve toksik element içeriğinin belirlenmesi sağlık açısından önemli olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesindeki 6 farklı bitki ailesinden yaklaşık 200 farklı bitki türünün toprak üstü (T.Ü.) ve toprak altı (T.A.) kısımlarındaki makro, mikro ve toksik metal içeriği belirlenmiştir. Lamiaceae ailesine ait Salvia cins türlerinin ICP-MS ile elde edilen metal analiz sonuçlarının istatistiksel analizi kemometrik çalışmalarla yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, bitkisel çay olarak hazırlanan Lamiaceae ailesine ait Salvia cinsinin 27 farklı tür örneklerinin yapay vücut sıvı ortamlarındaki Na, K, Fe, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cd ve Pb metal içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Yapay vücut sıvı ortamlarında (yapay tükürük, yapay mide ve yapay bağırsak) 27 farklı türün yapılarındaki metallerin nereden emildiği belirlenmiştir. 6 farklı bitki ailesine (Anacardiaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae ve Liliaceae) ait türlerin 20 metal (Na, K, Mg, Fe, Al, B, Ti, Mo, Li, Cu, Be, Cr, Mn, Ni, Co, Zn, Se, Cd, Ba, Pb) içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) ve Türk Gıda Kodeksi (TGK) değerleri ile karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Salvia cinsine ait bütün türlerdeki Cr, Cd ve Pb metal içerikleri büyük oranda yapay tükürük sıvı ortamında kaldığı belirlenmiştir. 27 Salvia cins türlerinden 24 tanesinde Cu metali ve 22 tanesinde Zn metal içeriği büyük oranda yapay tükürük sıvı ortamında kaldığı belirlenmiştir. 27 Salvia cins türlerinden 18 tanesinde Ni ve 14 tanesinde Mn metal içeriği büyük oranda yapay mide sıvı ortamında kaldığı belirlenmiştir. Salvia cinsine ait bütün türlerdeki Na ve K metal içerikleri büyük oranda yapay bağırsak sıvı ortamında kaldığı belirlenmiştir. 27 farklı Salvia türüne ait örnekte 20 elementin (Na, K, Mg, Fe, Al, B, Ti, Mo, Li, Cu, Be, Cr, Mn, Ni, Co, Zn, Se, Cd, Ba, Pb) analizi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen verilere temel bileşen analizi (PCA) ve hiyerarşik kümeleme analizi (HCA) gibi kemometrik analiz teknikleri uygulanmıştır. 27 farklı Salvia türü 3 kısma ayrılmış ve birinci kısımda, 8 farklı Salvia türüne ait örneklerinin 20 değişken ile yapılan temel bileşen analizi sonuçlarına dayanılarak ilk iki temel bileşenin varyansı sırayla % 41.20 ve %17.90 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca PCA ve HCA sonuçlarına göre üç grubun oluştuğu ve bu grupların birbirlerine benzer olduğu görülmüştür. İkinci kısımda, 10 farklı Salvia türünün T.A. ve T.Ü. örneklerinin 20 değişken ile yapılan PCA sonuçlarına dayanılarak ilk iki temel bileşenin varyansı sırayla % 43.60 ve % 12.60 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca PCA sonucuna göre dört, HCA sonucuna göre üç grubun oluştuğu görülmektedir. Üçüncü kısımda ise, 9 farklı Salvia türünün T.A. ve T.Ü. örneklerinin 20 değişken ile yapılan PCA sonuçlarına dayanılarak ilk iki temel bileşenin varyansı sırayla % 49.30 ve % 13.30 olduğu belirlenmiştir.
