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    Öğe
    Effect of Soil Solarization and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (Glomus intraradices) on Yield and Blossom-end Rot of Tomato
    (Friends Science Publ, 2010) Cimen, Ismail; Pirinc, Vedat; Doran, Ilhan; Turgay, Berna
    The study was aimed to investigate the effect of tomato seedlings of Falcon variety (Lycopersicum esculantum L.) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus intraradices in solarized and non solarized parcels on yield and blossom end rot (BER) that cause yield loses in tomato growing. The experiment established according to split-plot design with four replicates as main plot of solarization and sub-plot of mycorrhizal in total 16 parcels. The solarized field increased the soil temperature (11,8,7 & 5 degrees C) than non-applied in different soil depth (5, 10, 20 & 30 cm). The contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn and Cu were increased in leaves by solarization. The levels of P, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in leaves were higher in plots inoculated with AM than without non AM. The effect of solarization on yield was significant and was three times higher than non solarized control. However, AM had no effect on yield. In this study, the expected yield was not obtained, because of blossom end rot (BER). The effect of neither solarization nor AM was seen on this physiological disorder in tomato. However, high temperature affected these abiotic diseases. During the vegetative season, incidence of BER occurred 100% of the high temperature in July-August, whereas this rate was rapidly decreased and was not observed during the cool periods at the end of growing season. The results of this study show that solarization can be applied and recommended for growing tomato in the region, but the research about factors resulting in BER must be accelerated. (C) 2010 Friends Science Publishers
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Effect of solarization and vesicular arbuscular mychorrizal on weed density and yield of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in autumn season
    (Academic Journals, 2010) Cimen, Ismail; Turgay, Berna; Pirinc, Vedat
    This study was conducted on trial field of Faculty of Agriculture, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey in 2007 growing season. The experiment established on a loamy- clay soil with the seedlings of Yedikule lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) infected by Vesicular Arbuscular Mychorrizal (VAM) fungus, Glomus intraradices. The goal was to increase the yield and quality in lettuce production. The VAM infected and disenfected lettuce seedlings propagated in greenhouse conditions were planted by the split-plot designs-random model. The study was conducted as the main plot applied solarization and non-solarization and subplot with VAM and without VAM which resulted in four repetitions. The solarized field had an increased soil temperature: the increase in the temperature was 11 degrees C in 5 cm depth, 8 degrees C in 20 cm and 5 degrees C in 30 cm. This situation continued to the end of the growth season and also inhibited the germination of weed plants. In the solarized area, the plant height, plant crown-width and yield showed significant increase during the vegetative season of 45 days long. The data was significant for three growth factors. In solarized area, the average weight of lettuce was obtained to be 138.85 g but in control parcel the average weight was 30.85 g. The increases in VAM parcel for three growth factors were significant. But the interaction between solarization and VAM was found non significant. To determine VAM before testing in laboratory, VAM dutied like a bridge from donor lettuce to receiver wild mustard (Sinapsis arvensis L.) as observed in the experiment because mustrad has no symbiosis life with this fungus. Also the laboratory findings supported this; the number of spores, number of VAM infected and infection rate were higher both in main parcel of solarized and in the subplot parcel planted with VAM seedlings than the nonsolarized parcel and non VAM seedlings. The results for both criteria were significant in solarization and VAM application. But the interaction with VAM and solarization was insignificant. As a result, one can note that the VAM inoculation after solarization application is beneficial for growing lettuce especially in the fall of season.
  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    Sonbahar marul yetiştiriciliğinde solarizasyon ve mikoriza (Glomus intraradices)'nın bitki gelişimine ve verimine etkisi
    (2017) Turgay, Berna; Çimen, İsmail
    Bu çalışma, 2007 yılında Dicle Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Arazisinde, solarize edilen tınlı killi toprakta, Glomus intraradices mikoriza türü ile infekteli Yedikule Marul fideleri ile üretimde, verim ve kalitede artış amaçlanmıştır. Kontrollü koşullarda çoğaltılan mikorizalı ve mikorizasız marul fideleri, Bölünmüş Parseller Deneme Desenine göre şaşırtılmıştır. Çalışma, solarizasyon yapılan ve yapılmayan ana parsel, mikorizalı ve mikorizasız alt parsel olarak 4 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Solarizasyon yapılan alanda yapılmayana göre, 5 cm toprak derinliğinde 11 oC, 10 cm de 8 oC, 20 cm de 7 oC ve 30 cm derinlikte 5 oC’lik sıcaklık artışı sağlanmıştır. Bu sıcaklık artışlarıyla yabancı ot çimlenmesi ve çoğalması frenlenmiş ve bu etki marul vejetasyon sonuna kadar devam etmiştir. Arazide 45 günlük bir yetiştirme periyodunda, Solarizasyon ile bitki boyu, bitki taç genişliği ve verimde büyük artış görülmüştür. Ele alınan her üç gelişme kriterinde de sonuçlar %1 düzeyinde önemli bulunmuştur. Solarizasyonda, ortalama marul ağırlığı 138.850 gram olurken uygulamanın yapılmadığı ana parsellerde bu değer 30.338 gram olarak belirlenmiştir. Mikoriza uygulamasıyla marul gelişmesinde ele alınan her üç kriterdeki artışlar %5 düzeyinde önemli bulunmuştur. Ele alınan iki uygulama arasında ise interaksiyon önemli çıkmamıştır. Çalışmada, mikorizanın çalışıp çalışmadığı, önce arazide mikoriza seven marul ile mikoriza sevmeyen yabani hardal (Sinapsis arvensis L.) arasında mikorizanın köprü vazifesi görmesiyle anlaşılmıştır. Sonra laboratuarda, mikorizal infeksiyon sayısı, infeksiyon oranı ve spor sayısı, solarizasyon yapılan ana parseller ile mikorizalı fidelerin dikildiği alt parsellerde, solarize edilmeyen ve mikorizasız fidelerin dikildiği parsellere göre, daha yüksek çıkmasıyla pekişmiştir. Ele alınan ilk iki kriterdeki sonuçlar; solarizasyonda ve mikoriza uygulamasında önemli farklılıklar olduğu görülmüştür. Ancak, solarizasyon ile mikoriza arasında interaksiyon önemli çıkmamıştır. Çalışma sonunda, solarizayondan sonra mikoriza (VAM) uygulamasının sonbahar marul yetiştiriciliğinde yararlı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Toprak Solarizasyonu, Mikoriza ( Glomus intraradices ),Marul