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Öğe A Review on Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antiviral Activities of Plants Included in the Apiaceae Lindley Family(Batman Üniversitesi, 2020) Kaval, Uğur; Tonçer, ÖzlemPlant extracts are known to take part in various biological activities. In addition, essential oils are widely used for medical applications, as in every century. By compound extraction from plants, terpenes and terpenoids contain various volatile molecules such as phenol-derived aromatic components and aliphatic components that are mostly isolated from aromatic plants. Depending on the type and concentration of these plant components, they exert cytotoxic effects on living cells, but are generally non-toxic. Plant extracts are known to be important in that they contain compounds that showing bioactivity. In this context, the compounds and bioactive properties of some plants included in the Apiaceae family have been investigated in the literature. The Apiacaea family, which contains about 455 genera and 3750 species, is known with its rich compounds in terms of herbal ingredients. Remarkable studies on plants included in the Apiaceae family in the literature have been combined and studies on their bioactivity, antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties have been revealed in this rewiev. Bioactivity of plants by included in the Apiaceae family examined in the literature; studies on antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal properties have been tried to be revealed.Öğe Adaçayı (Salvia officinalis L.)’nda Tuzluluk (NaCl) Stresi Üzerinde Salisik Asit Uygulamalarının Etkisi(2024) Tekin, Gizem Kamçı; Akalp, Erhan; Pirinç, Vedat; Tonçer, ÖzlemAdaçayı, Lamiaceae familyasına ait bir bitki olup, içerdiği uçucu yağ ve diğer sekonder metabolitler nedeniyle Türkiye ve Dünya yüzeyinde önemli bir ticari öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışma farklı tuz ve salisilik asit uygulamalarının adaçayı (Salvia officinalis L.) bitkisinin morfolojik özelliklerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada; Kontrol (0) , 5 farklı tuz (50, 100, 150, 200 ve 250 mM NaCI/l) ve üç farklı salisilik asit (0,1, 0,5 ve 1,0 mM/l) konsantrasyonları uygulanmıştır. İncelenen özellikler değerlendirildiğinde; adaçayında bitki boyunun 12,24-20,42 cm, kök uzunluğunun 9,13-18,12 cm, yaş bitki ağırlığının 2,19-7,00 g/bitki, yaş kök ağırlığının 0,89-3,50 g/bitki, bitki zararlanma skalasının 3-5 arasında değiştiği ve bitkinin sentezlediği prolin miktarının 0,11-1,56 (Mmol/g) aralığında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, 0,5mM Salisilik asit uygulamasının adaçayı bitkisinde morfolojik gelişim açısından olumlu etkilerinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Öğe Adaçayı (Salvia officinalis L.)’nda Tuzluluk (NaCl) Stresi Üzerinde Salisik Asit Uygulamalarının Etkisi(Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi, 2024) Kamçı, Gizem; Akalp, Erhan; Pirinç, Vedat; Tonçer, ÖzlemAdaçayı, Lamiaceae familyasına ait bir bitki olup, içerdiği uçucu yağ ve diğer sekonder metabolitler nedeniyle Türkiye ve Dünya yüzeyinde önemli bir ticari öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışma farklı tuz ve salisilik asit uygulamalarının adaçayı (Salvia officinalis L.) bitkisinin morfolojik özelliklerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada; Kontrol (0) , 5 farklı tuz (50, 100, 150, 200 ve 250 mM NaCI/l) ve üç farklı salisilik asit (0,1, 0,5 ve 1,0 mM/l) konsantrasyonları uygulanmıştır. İncelenen özellikler değerlendirildiğinde; adaçayında bitki boyunun 12,24-20,42 cm, kök uzunluğunun 9,13-18,12 cm, yaş bitki ağırlığının 2,19-7,00 g/bitki, yaş kök ağırlığının 0,89-3,50 g/bitki, bitki zararlanma skalasının 3-5 arasında değiştiği ve bitkinin sentezlediği prolin miktarının 0,11-1,56 (Mmol/g) aralığında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, 0,5mM Salisilik asit uygulamasının adaçayı bitkisinde morfolojik gelişim açısından olumlu etkilerinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Öğe Bazı Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkilerin Yem Kalitesi Açısından Değerlendirilmesi(2018) Çaçan, Erdal; Başbağ, Mehmet; Sayar, Mehmet Salih; Tonçer, Özlem; Karan, HalilBu çalışma, Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nin çayır-mera alanlarında doğal olarak yetişen ve hayvanlar tarafındantüketilen bazı tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerin yem kalitesini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada materyal olarak 2017yılında toplanan 13 adet farklı tıbbi ve aromatik bitki türü (Mentha spicata, Origanum onites, Thymus kotschyanus, Salviaofficinalis, Artemisia sp., Aloysia citriodora, Melissa officinalis, Tanacetum densum, Ocimum basilicum, Satureja hortensis,Mentha piperita, Thymbra spicata ve Phlomis kotschyana) kullanılmıştır. Her tür için bitkilerin çiçeklenme döneminde üçtekerrürlü olarak alınan otlarında analizler yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerin ham protein (HP)oranları % 10.74-24.59, asit deterjanda çözünmeyen lif (ADF) oranları % 17.31-40.99, nötral deterjanda çözünmeyen lif(NDF) oranları % 26.39-56.34, sindirilebilir kuru madde (SKM) oranları % 57.0-75.4, kuru madde tüketim (KMT) oranları %2.13-4.55, nispi yem değerleri (NYD) 94.1-251.2, kalsiyum (Ca) oranları % 0.94-2.01, magnezyum (Mg) oranları % 0.25-0.63, potasyum (K) oranları % 1.76-3.78 ve fosfor (P) oranları % 0.14-0.32 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Araştırmada baştaOcimum basilicum türü olmak üzere türlerin 11 tanesinin en iyi ot kalitesini ifade eden Prime sınıfında yer aldığı belirlenmiştir.Melissa officinalis türü 145.4 nispi yem değeri ile bir alt sınıf olan birinci sınıfta, en düşük nispi yem değerine (94.1) sahipPhlomis kotschyana türünün ise üçüncü kalite sınıfında yer aldığı belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerinyüksek kalitede yem üretme potansiyeline sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Ancak bu bitki türlerine ait otlar, hayvanların yoğuntüketimine sunulmadan önce alkoloid ve glikozit gibi toksik madde içerikleri ile beraber, kalsiyum ve fosfor gibi mineralmadde içeriklerindeki uyumsuzluklardan kaynaklanabilecek olumsuzluklara da dikkat edilmesi gerektiği unutulmamalıdır.Öğe Değişik azot dozlarının floradan toplanan karabaş kekik (Thymbra spicata var.spicata L.)'in bazı agronomik ve kalite özellikleri üzerine etkisi(2003) Kızıl, Süleyman; Tonçer, ÖzlemBu çalışmada, Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde yayılış gösteren karabaş kekiğin kültüre alınarak uygun azot dozunun belirlenmesine çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada bitki boyu, yeşil herba verimi, drog herba verimi, drog yaprak verimi, uçucu yağ oranı ve uçucu yağ verimi gibi özellikleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, bitki boyu 24,0-34,0 cm, yeşil herba verimi 1222,4-1738,6 kg/da, drog herba verimi 274,4-440,7 kg/da, drog yaprak verimi 194,3-319,0 kg/da, uçucu yağ oranı % 1,00-3,25 ve uçucu yağ verimi 3,06-8,71 kg/da arasında değişmiştir.Öğe Diyarbakır koşullarında kekik' in (Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata) seleksiyonu ve kültüre alınması olanakları(2004) Tonçer, Özlem; Kızıl, Süleyman; Arslan, NeşetThymbra cinsinin Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde iki türü bulunmaktadır. Bunlar, Thymbra spicata var. spicata ve T. sintiensii türleridir. Thymbra spicata var spicata bölgede fazla miktarda yayılış göstermekte (Diyarbakır, Mardin, Siirt, Adıyaman, Şanlıurfa, Şırnak, Batman) ve tamamen doğadan toplamalar yolu ile tüketilmektedir. Bu proje ile doğadan toplamalar yolu ile gereksinimi karşılanan "Zahter"in kültüre alma ve uygun agronomik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla, 2001 -2003 yıllan arasında farklı dikim sıklıklan, hasat zamanlan ve biçim yüksekliklerine yönelik denemeler kurulmuştur. Tarla denemeleri Bölünmüş Parseller Deneme Desenine göre iki farklı deneme olarak kurulmuştur. Çalışmada, bitki boyu, yaş herba verimi, kuru herba verimi, drog yaprak verimi, uçucu yağ oranı ve uçucu yağ verimini özellikleri incelenmiştir. İki yıllık ortalama sonuçlara göre; dikim sıklıklan açısından en yüksek drog yaprak verimi 30 cm sıra arası (279.15 kg/da) ve 20 cm sıra üzeri mesafesinden (253.91 kg/da), en yüksek uçucu yağ oranı (% 1.91) 60 x 40 cm dikim sıklığından ve en yüksek uçucu yağ verimi ise 5.09 I/da ile 30 cm sıra arasından elde edilmiştir. Biçim zamanlan (ontogenetik varyabilite) ve biçim sıklıklarına göre değerlendirildiğinde; en yüksek drog yaprak verimi (310.70 kg/da) çiçeklerime sırası 10 cm biçim yüksekliğinden, uçucu yağ oranlan % 1.58-2.33 arasında değişmiş, en yüksek uçucu yağ verimi ise (7.07 I/da) çiçeklenme sırasında 10 cm biçim yüksekliğinden elde edilmiştir. Diyarbakır ekolojik koşullarında üç yıl süresince yürütülen bu projeden elde edilen iki yıllık ortalama sonuçlar doğrultusunda; kekik (Thymbra spicata) tarımında dikim sıklığı için 30 em sıra üzeri ve 20 cm sıra arası mesafeleri, biçim zamanı için çiçeklenme dönemi ve biçim yüksekliği için ise 10 cm biçim yüksekliği tavsiye edilmektedir,Öğe Effect of different planting densities on yield and yield components of wild thyme (Thymbra Spicata Var. SPICATA)(2005) Kızıl, Süleyman; Tonçer, ÖzlemThe study reports the effect of the planting density of wild thyme (Thymbra spicata var. spicata) on plant height, fresh herbage yield, dry herbage yield, dry leaf yield, essential oil content and essential oil yield. The results show that the highest fresh and dry herbage, dry leaf yield and essential oil yield were obtained from narrow row spacing and in-rows. However, fresh herbage, dry leaf yield and essential oil yield showed a variation of 0.993-1.463 kg m-2, 0.179-0.279 kg m-2 and 33.6-50.9 L ha -1, respectively.Öğe Effect of different sowing rates on the fatty oil composition of coriander grown in winter and spring in semi-arid conditions(Polish Society Magnesium Research, 2023) Tekin, Gizem Kamçı; Hajyzadeh, Mortaza; Altun, Sema; Tonçer, ÖzlemCoriander is an annual herb, a member of the Umbelliferae/Apiaceae family, which often used in flavouring substances. The stem, root, leaves and fruits all have an aroma that most people consider to be pleasant. The objective of the study was to determine changes in the fatty oil composition of coriander sown at different seed rates (10, 20, 30, and 40 kg ha-1) and grown in winter and summer seasons. Two coriander varieties (Mardin and Denizli) were grown under semi-arid conditions. The experiment was arranged in a split-split plot design with three replications. Sowing times composed the main plots, the subplots were varieties (population) and four different seeding rates (10, 20, 30, and 40 kg ha-1 ) were used as sub-sub plots. The crop harvests were completed from the first half of June to the first week of July, according to the maturity of different populations. The results showed that the fatty oil ratio varied between 17.30 and 23.82%. The highest value (23.82%) was obtained from sowing 40 kg seeds per ha-1 of the Denizli ecotype in winter, while the lowest one (17.30%) was achieved from the seed rate of 10 kg ha-1 of the Mardin ecotype sown in summer. It was determined that petroselinic acid, the most important component of coriander fatty oils, was high at the seed rate of 10 kg ha-1 of the Mardin ecotype plants sown in summer. The GGE biplot analysis was made, demonstrating a negative relationship between petroselinic acid and linolenic acid, a positive relationship between linoleic and cis-13-octadecenoic acid, and a positive relationship between palmitic, myristic, and stearolica acids.Öğe The effect of different sowing time on essential oil of coriander in gap region(1998) Kızıl, Süleyman; Tonçer, Özlem; Tansı, Sezen[Abstract Not Available]Öğe The effects of plant density and year on yield of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) moench)(Society of Field Crops Science, 2015) Tansı, Leyla Sezen; Karaman, Şengül; Tonçer, Özlem; Gedik, SelinPurple coneflower, one of the most popular medicinal plants, is not naturally found in Turkey. Here, Purple coneflower plants were grown in the Cukurova Region of Turkey and the effect of plant density and year on the herb yields were studied. Plants were harvested in June, 2011 and 2012 as second and third seasons of growth in Cukurova. Since flowering plants were not available for one-year-old plants in 2010. Purple coneflower were harvested at the aerial parts when the flowering time at the 2nd and 3nd season, roots were harvested in fall. Although the weight of different aerial parts and roots per plant (g plant-1) were not changed according to different plant densities (30×90, 45×90, 60×90 cm) these parameters were changed according to the years. Also, fresh weight of herb (g plant-1), dry weight of flowers (g plant-1) and number of main stems (number plant-1) were not changed in pertinent to years and plant densities. Fresh yield of herb, fresh yield of stem, fresh yield of leaf, dry yields of stem, dry yields of leaf, number of seconder buds (kg ha-1) had differences according to plant densities and years.Öğe Effects of ZnO nanoparticules produced with green synthesis on germination and seedling of Salvia officinalis L. seeds(Polish Society Magnesium Research, 2021) Güneş, Zübeyir; Tonçer, Özlem; Eren, AbdullahNanotechnology is a research subject in many interdisciplinary engineering fields today. Nanoparticles have important effects on seed germination and seedling growth of plants. The aim of this study has been to produce a 54.68 nm-sized ZnO nanoparticle obtained from the Nigella sativa L. plant by green synthesis. The effect of medicinal sage (Salvia officinalis L.) on germination of plant seeds and seedling growth was investigated. The trial was set up under controlled conditions and conducted for 14 days according to a factorial trial design with 5 replications for each dose (0, 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 mg ZnO NP kg-1). As a result of ZnO NP application in different doses, germination of Salvia officinalis L. seeds varied between 90-94%, stem length was 1.86-2.92 cm and shoot length was between 1.01-1.98 cm. The highest root and shoot length was obtained after the application of 2.5 mg ZnO kg-1 NP. In the light of the results, ZnO nanoparticles are thought to be useful for seed development and agricultural applications.Öğe Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi koşullarında bazı ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.) çeşitlerinin verim ve bazı verim özellikleri bakımından değerlendirilmesi(2007) Söğüt, Tahsin; Karaaslan, Davut; Tonçer, ÖzlemBu araştırma; Diyarbakır sulu koşullarına uygun ayçiçeği çeşitlerini belirlemek amacıyla, 1999, 2000 ve 2001 yıllarında, Dicle Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü deneme alanında yürütülmüştür. Denemede 9 ayçiçeği çeşiti (AS-6,15, AS-6310, Sunbro, Çoban, TR-6149, C-207, TR-4098, Turkuaz ve S-288) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, bitki boyu, tabla çapı, yaprak sayısı, 1000 tohum ağırlığı, iç oranı, tohum tutma etkinliği, tohum verimi, protein ve yağ oranı incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, yüksek tohum verimi ve yağ oranı birlikte değerlendirildiğinde Sunbro, Çoban, C-207, TR-6149, S-288 ve TR-4098 çeşitlerinin Diyarbakır koşullarında başarıyla yetiştirilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.Öğe Güneydoğu ve doğu anadolu bölgelerinede yayılış gösteren ve ekonomik öneme sahip bazı soğanlı bitkilerin yetiştirilme ve çoğalma olanaklarının araştırılması(2014) Tonçer, Özlem; Sağlam, Sevil; Güger, Murat Timur; Ertekın, A. Selçuk; Sesiz, Uğur; Khawar, Khalid Mahmood; Kızıl, Süleyman[Abstract Not Available]Öğe The impact of nitrogen fertilization on the alkaloid content and growth traits of Datura (Datura Stramonium L.)(University of Belgrade - Faculty of Agriculture, 2024) Kızıl, Süleyman; Tonçer, Özlem; Söǧüt, TahsinD. stramonium is a wild plant species belonging to the nightshade family Solanaceae and grows on the edges of cotton fields, empty lands and roadsides. The plant is one of the most important economic weed plants that contain both toxic and medicinal properties. Studies have shown that the plant contains toxic tropane alkaloids such as atropine, hyoscyamine, and scopolamine. It is known that cultivation techniques have a great influence on the quality and quantity of secondary metabolites. For this reason, it is important to determine the optimal values of the agronomic factors that influence plant growth and production. This study was conducted in the experimental area of the Agricultural Faculty of Dicle University in the 2010 and 2011 growing seasons so as to evaluate the impact of nitrogen fertilizer rates (0, 50, 100 and 200 kg ha-1) on some agronomical characteristics such as fresh and dry herb yield and total alkaloid content of Datura (Datura stramonium L.). The results revealed that significant (P?0.05) differences were observed between nitrogen doses in the 2010 and 2011 growing seasons in terms of seed yield, fresh and dry herb yield and total alkaloid yield of seeds. However, seed yield changed between 545 kg ha-1 and 625 kg ha-1, fresh herb yield between 8000 and 24483 kg ha-1, dry herb yield between 2190 kg ha-1 and 5083 kg ha-1 and alkaloid content between 0.259% and 0.366%, respectively. The results showed that fresh and dry herb yields increased with increasing nitrogen doses. © 2024 University of Belgrade - Faculty of Agriculture. All rights reserved.Öğe Interactive effects of number of plants and nitrogen fertilization on quality parameters of Salvia officinalis L. cultivated in semi-arid environments(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) İzgi, Mehmet Necat; Karaman, Şengül; Tonçer, ÖzlemThis research aimed to elucidate the interplay between number of plants and nitrogen dose on the agronomic attributes, as well as the essential oil yield and composition of Salvia officinalis L. (sage) in the challenging ecological conditions of Mardin, situated in South Eastern Anatolia. A split-plot experimental design was employed during 2018-2019, manipulating the variables of number of plants and nitrogen application rates. The experiment identified camphor, 1,8-cineole, alpha-thujone, and beta-thujone as the major components. The PCA analysis unveiled statistically significant inverse correlations between the concentration of camphor and 1,8-cineole, as well as alpha- and beta-thujone. The results demonstrated that the combination of lower plant number with elevated nitrogen levels yielded higher fresh herb dry herb and dry leaf. While lower plant number and higher nitrogen application independently exerted positive influences on essential oil production and yield, the interactive impact of these treatments yielded inconclusive results. Specifically, nitrogen treatments led to an increase in camphor content while reducing alpha- and beta-thujone contents in the essential oil. Conversely, lower plant numbers resulted in decreased camphor content and an increase in thujone content within the oil. In light of these findings, it is recommended that, under semi-arid conditions, optimal yields can be achieved by employing plant number of 50000 plants ha(-1) and a nitrogen fertilizer rate of 120 kg ha(-1). This research sheds light on the intricate relationship between agronomic factors and the quality of sage cultivation, offering valuable insights into sustainable agricultural practices in semi-arid regions.Öğe Plant Populations Densities and Seed Size Interaction in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)(Selcuk University, 2012) Biçer, B. Tuba; Tonçer, ÖzlemThis study, conducted in Diyarbakir, examined the plant traits of different seed types of chickpea at four plant popula-tion densities. Trail was consist of three seed types of chickpea, which large seeded, small seeded and small desi and four plant populations densities which 20, 30, 40, and 50 plants/m2. The effect of plant population densities on varieties was different for plant height and number of branches per plant, and plant population densities were unaffected the some varieties for this traits. As plant population densities increased from 20 to 50 plants/m2 the seed yield increased by 18% for large seeded. As plant population increased from 20 to 40 plants/m2 the seed yield increased by 24% for small seeded and by 57% for desi. As results, 40 plants/m2 densities optimum for the maximum seed yield at all seed sizedÖğe Variation of agronomical characteristics and essential oil components of Zahter (Thymbra Spicata L. var. Spicata) populations in semi-arid climatic conditions(Society of Field Crops Science, 2015) Kızıl, Süleyman; Tonçer, Özlem; Diraz, Emel; Karaman, ŞengülThymbra spicata L. var. spicata is grown naturally in semi-arid climatic conditions of Turkey. The seeds of wild populations collected from various regions were cultivated under arid climatic conditions of Diyarbakır in South East Anatolian region of Turkey. Components of hydrodistilled essential oils obtained from air dried aerial parts of T. spicata were identified and compared using gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometer. Fresh herbage yields of populations ranged 4925 kg ha-1 to 13275 kg ha-1, dry herbage yield varied between 2035 to 4782 kg ha-1 and dry leaf yield ranged 1347 kg ha-1 to 3364 kg ha-1. Essential oil contents of T. spicata populations in dry herb ranged 2.25% to 4.65%. The total oil content of plants and the percentage contribution of the major oil constituents, carvacrol, ?-terpinene and p-cymene, varied remarkably among localities. The highest carvacrol content was found in the population collected from Diyarbakir-Dicle (97.9%). The results indicated that agronomic characteristics, essential oils and chemical compositions of T. spicata are affected by environmental, genetic and agronomic practices under cultivation conditions.Öğe Yield and essential oil composition of lippia citriodora HBK leaves and flowers in semi-arid conditions(Taylor & Francis, 2022) Tonçer, Özlem; Karaman, Şengül; Kamçı, Gizem; Erdem, EnesLippia citriodora H.B.K is an herbal species which contains several aroma compounds and the leaves of the plant are utilized as a seasoning for food preparations and flavoring beverages. In this study, the essential oil composition of the L. citriodora growing in semi-arid ecological conditions in Diyarbakir Turkey was determined at different plant parts taken from the upper (leaves and flowers), middle (leaves), and lower portions (leaves). The highest essential oil content (3.7 mu l/g in w/w) was obtained from the lower part of the plant. The essential oil of L. citriodora was analyzed by GC/MS and GC/FID. Although the major essential oil composition of the oil was obtained as caryophyllene oxide, limonene, geranial, and neral, caryophyllene oxide and limonene showed significant changes with respect to different plant parts. While the rate of caryophyllene oxide gradually decreases from the lower parts of the plant to the upper parts; it was observed that the limonene ratio increases towards the upper parts of the plant. Principal component analysis (PCA) on the basis of the contents of the 31 compounds showed that two principal components had an eigen value greater than 1 and the first principal component explained 80. 39% of the total variation. In addition to the remarkable chemical differences of L. citriodora essential oil regarding the caryophyllene oxide and limonene, the proportion of these compounds has been observed to be significantly higher than the literature values.
