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    Effect of nicotine exposure during gestation on neonatal rat ovaries
    (E-Century Publishing Corp, 2016) Gorkem, Umit; Togrul, Cihan; Seckin, Kerem Doga; Karsli, Mehmet Fatih; Deveci, Engin; Gungor, Tayfun
    The purpose of present study was to investigate effects of nicotine on follicular development in the neonatal rats. In this study, 14 adult Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 230-260 g (+/- 10 g) were used as experimental animal. After detecting pregnancies with vaginal smear method, pregnant rats were two equal groups were separated. The pregnant females were treated with the nicotine for 21 days and litters were sacrificed at first day of birth. The ovaries of litters were processed through routine paraffin embedding method, serially sectioned by microtome, stained with hematoxylin-Eosin and immunohistochemical technique investigated by light microscope. In the ovary of group treated nicotine, Preventing follicular development was observed in granular degeneration and luteal cells. It was also observed in inflammation and bleeding vessels. Immunohistochemical localization of vimentin was restricted to the granulosa cells and stromal area. Nicotine treatment group in granular cells and luteal cells in E-cadherin expression was weak. We concluded that nicotine might affect the cellular junctions in the ovarian follicular development. The high intensity in the staining with vimentin observed in the granulosa cells of the follicles is probably due to functional changes that occur during the process of cystogenesis.
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    Effects of Potentilla fulgens as a Prophylactic Agent for Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in the Rat Ovary
    (Sci Printers & Publ Inc, 2015) Togrul, Cihan; Balsak, Deniz; Ekinci, Cenap; Seckin, Kerem Doga; Ekinci, Aysun; Tahaoglu, Ali Emre; Bademkiran, Hanefi
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Potentilla fulgens as a prophylactic agent on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the rat ovary. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 32 Wistar rats were divided into 4 equal groups: (I) sham, (II) ischemia, (III) ischemia+reperfusion, and (IV) I/R+Potentilla fulgens. In groups I and II, ovary torsion was not performed and no drug was administered. In group III, 1 hour of ischemia and 2 hours of reperfusion were performed and no drug was given. Group IV received 400 mg/kg/day Potentilla fulgens intraperitoneally 5 days before I/R injury. RESULTS: The detorsion group showed preantral ovarian follicles and corpus luteum around the blood vessels and positive expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In the Potentilla fulgens group (IV) the stromal vascular endothelium with weak expression of VEGF was detected in small areas, and the ovarian follicles and the corpus luteum showed negative expression of VEGF. In the detorsion group the theca cells and apoptotic cells in preantral follicles showed positive expression of E-cadherin in the ovarian surface epithelium. Moreover, the E-cadherin expression was found to be positive in terms of follicular development, theca cells, granulosa cells, and corpus luteum. Potentilla fulgens, given after ischemic injury and apoptosis, was seen to decrease the effect of Bcl-2 expression. CONCLUSION: These results provide compelling evidence that the expression of E-cadherin in the ovary is an important component of ovarian function.
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    Effects of Potentilla fulgens on Tuba Uterina in Ovariectomized Rats
    (Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2016) Acar, Zuat; Deger, U.; Gorkem, U.; Togrul, Cihan; Deveci, E.; Kaya, S.; Ekinci, A.
    A total of 32 Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups: (I) sham, (II) ischemia, (III) reperfusion and (IV) Potentilla fulgens. In groups I and II, ovary torsion was not performed and no drug was administered. In group III, 1 h of ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion were performed and no drug was given. Group IV received 400 mg/kg/day Potentilla fulgens intraperitoneally 5 days before Ischemia-reperfusion. All the parameters were observed to be significantly decreased (P<0.05) in all the experimental groups compared to the control group. In the sections of the ischemia-reperfusion group, degeneration of epithelium, dilation of blood vessels were observed. Potentilla fulgens administration reduced the morphological changes by induced I/R; in particular, infiltration, hemorrhage and vascular dilatation were decreased. Potentilla fulgens application during torsion, it plays an important role in maintaining the epithelial structure with E-cadherin expression. We suggest that PECAM-1(CD31) are a regulator of the microvascular response of the tubal mucosa.
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    Expression of pSTAT3 and TNF-? in Normotensive and Severe Preeclamptic Placentas
    (Sci Printers & Publ Inc, 2017) Togrul, Cihan; Gorkem, Umit; Irtegun, Sevgi; Tahaoglu, Ali Emre; Gungor, Tayfun; Deveci, Engin
    OBJECTIVE: To examine histopathologic changes and correlation between TNF-alpha and pSTAT3 expression levels by western blot and immunohistochemical methods in preeclamptic placentas. STUDY DESIGN: Obstetrical properties and bio-chemical and hematological features of patients with preeclampsia and healthy subjects were compared. Paraffin sections obtained from placenta were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histopathologic examination. RESULTS: In histopathologic examination of preeclamptic placentas, cytotrophoblastic cellular proliferation, fibrinoid necrosis, endothelial proliferation, and calcified and hyalinized villous spots were observed. CONCLUSION: In preeclamptic placentas, we observed that trophoblastic invasion may downregulate STAT3 phosphorylation and can correlate with TNF-alpha elevation. Even though trophoblast invasion may interfere with both vascular and immune systems, TNF-alpha is not directly involved in the STAT3 signaling pathway in the preeclamptic placenta. (Anal Quant Cytopathol Histpathol 2017; 39: 149-156)
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    Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Changes in the Amniotic Membrane of Gestational Diabetic Mothers
    (Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2017) Togrul, Cihan; Gorkem, Umit; Coskun, Bugra; Nergisli, Cansu Kubra; Gungor, Tayfun; Deveci, Engin
    The aim of this study is to examine the changes in the amniotic membrane diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. In this study, as a control group human amnion membrane from normotensive pregnancies was collected from diabetic women at 28-35 weeks of gestation. Gestational diabetes (n=6) and normal amnion membrane (n=6) for a total of 12 units were received. Amniotic membrane thickness was measured (p<0.0001) and it was significantly higher in GDM groups compared to control group. The diameter of the amniotic epithelial cell nuclei was measured (p=0.0022). Gestational diabetes results show that there was weakening between amniotic epithelial cell-cell junction. This study showed that structural changes in epithelial cells of amniotic membrane were formed due to diabetes. The membrane thickness has led to structural changes in diameter and in diabetes group cause extracellular matrix to increase, thus leading to MMP-9 expression increase eventually disrupting matrix balance. In addition, with cd44 increase angiogenesis has been induced and thought to influence material pass between fetus and mother.
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    Protective Effect of Allopurinol on Experimental Ovarian Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Model of Rats
    (Sci Printers & Publ Inc, 2020) Yurtcu, Engin; Togrul, Cihan; Deveci, Engin
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of allopurinol on an experimentally induced ovarian ischemia-repel fusion model. STUDY DESIGN: Female rats in the estrous cycle (n= 32) were divided into sham, ischemia, ischemia-reperfusion, and ischemia-reperfusion + allopurinol-treated groups. In the sham group the ovaries were opened and closed. In the ischemia group the ovaries were sealed for 2-hour ischemia. In the ischemia-reperfusion group, after ischemia, 2.5 hours of reperfusion was done. In the ischemia-reperfusion + allopurinol group, 3 hours after ischemia-reperfusion, 50 mg/kg allopurinol was administered. RESULTS: In the allopurinol-administered group, MDA levels were decreased. GSH values were decreased in the ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion group but increased in the allopurinol-treated group as compared to the control group. Caspase-3 expression was positive in enlarged corpus luteum cells. sFlt-1 expression was positive in vascular endothelial cells between preantral and antral follicles and some macrophages but negative in granular cells. In the ischemia group, sFlt-1 expression was positive in degenerative preantral and antral follicle cells, endothelial cells, and intense inflammatory cells. In the ischemia-reperfusion group, increased sFlt-1 expression was observed in luteal cells of the corpus luteum, vascular endothelial, and inflammatory cells. In the ischemia-reperfusion +allopurinol group, granular cells and corpus luteum cells showed decreased sFlt-1 expression, while being positive in vascular endothelial cells. CONCLUSION: Allopurinol inhibits development of apoptosis and reduces oxidative load in the ischemia-reperfusion stage, thus protecting the ovary from damage.
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    Protective effects of honokiol on ischemia/reperfusion injury of rat ovary: an experimental study
    (Dove Medical Press Ltd, 2016) Tunc, Senem Yaman; Agacayak, Elif; Goruk, Neval Yaman; Icen, Mehmet Sait; Turgut, Abdulkadir; Alabalik, Ulas; Togrul, Cihan
    Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of honokiol on experimental ischemia/reperfusion injury of rat ovary. Materials and methods: A total of 40 female Wistar albino rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into five groups as follows: sham (Group I), torsion (Group II), torsion + detorsion (Group III), torsion + detorsion + saline (Group IV), and torsion + detorsion + honokiol (Group V). Bilateral adnexa in all the rats except for those in the sham group were exposed to torsion for 3 hours. The rats in Group IV were administered saline, whereas the rats in Group V were administered honokiol by intraperitoneal route 30 minutes before detorsion. Tissue and plasma concentrations of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide were determined. Ovarian tissue was histologically evaluated. Data analyses were performed by means of Kruskal Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-test (Bonferroni correction) in SPSS 15.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The torsion and detorsion groups had higher scores in vascular congestion, hemorrhage, and inflammatory cell infiltration compared with the sham group (P<0.005). In addition, total histopathological scores were significantly higher in the torsion and detorsion groups compared with the sham group (P<0.005). A significant reduction was observed in hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and cellular degeneration scores, of all histopathological scores, in the honokiol group (P<0.005). Ovarian tissue concentrations of malondialdehyde were significantly higher in the torsion and detorsion groups compared with the sham and honokiol groups (P<0.005). Ovarian tissue concentrations of nitric oxide, on the other hand, were significantly higher in the torsion group compared with the sham, saline, and honokiol groups (P<0.005). Conclusion: Honokiol has a beneficial effect on ovarian torsion-related ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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    Severe pre-eclampsia complicated by HELLP syndrome alterations in the structure of the umbilical cord (morphometric and immunohistochemical study)
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Balsak, Deniz; Togrul, Cihan; Ekinci, Cenap; Cavus, Yunus; Tahaoglu, Ali Emre; Deveci, Engin; Gul, Talip
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphometric and immunohistochemistry in umbilical cords from patients with severe pre-eclampsia with and without haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome. The patient and control groups were similar according to baseline obstetric characteristics. White blood cell count in patients with HELLP syndrome and the control group was significantly increased among patients with HELLP syndrome (p < 0.001). Morphometric examination and endothelial core length were significantly different between the groups. In the umbilical cord cross-section of the HELLP group, endothelial cell degeneration in the vessel wall and basement membrane thickening were observed. In the muscle layer of blood vessels, the following disorders were found: increased collagen fibres in the muscle cell, hyperplasia and separation of muscle fibres as well as edema in the intermediate connective tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that endothelial cells, basal membrane and fibroblast cells in the HELLP group expressed high levels of CD44. Vessel wall and amniotic epithelial basement membrane thickening were observed in the HELLP group. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) was expressed. Fibroblast and smooth muscle cells were fusiform and showed a positive reaction to immunohistochemical staining of alpha-actin smooth muscle.
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    Simvastatin Treatment Prevents Cell Damage and Regulates Angiogenesis in a Rat Ovarian Torsion and Detorsion Model An Immunohistochemical Study of Caspase-3 and sFlt-1 Expression
    (Sci Printers & Publ Inc, 2020) Togrul, Cihan; Deveci, Engin
    OBJECTIVE: Ovarian torsion is a condition that affects the development of ovaries and restricts blood flow. It occurs most frequently in women of reproductive age, and delay in torsion resolution may result in necrosis and ovarian loss. Ischemia-reperfusion of ovarian tissue is known to cause oxidative damage. We aimed to investigate caspase-3 expression as it is involved in apoptosis and inflammation, and sFlt-1 which is responsible for endothelial dysfunction produced by various tissues. STUDY DESIGN: Wistar female rats (n=32) were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, ischemia, ischemia-reperfusion, and ischemia-reperfusion +simvastatin. In the control group, the ovaries were surgically opened and closed, then blood and ovarian tissues of the animals were taken. In the ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion groups, the ovaries were surgically opened, and the left ovaries were sealed for ischemia. After 2 hours of ischemia, blood flow was re-allowed for 2.5 hours of reperfusion. In the ischemia-reperfusion group treated with simvastatin (10 mg/kg), rats were given simvastatin orally after reperfusion, and blood and tissue specimens were taken after 3 hours. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were determined in the ovarian tissue homogenates for each rat. RESULTS: In the simvastatin-administered group, MDA and GSH values decreased as compared to in the ischemia and ischemia-reperfiision groups. In the simvastatin-treated group, GSH values were increased. In the ischemia group, degenerated granular cells in the antral follicle, luteal cells in the corpus luteum, and intense inflammatory cells in the stromal region were positive for expression of caspase-3. In the ischemiareperfusion group, caspase-3 expression was positive in oocyte, granular, and stromal cells. In the ischemia-reperfusion+simvastatin-treated group, caspase-3 expression was negative in the granular cells of the antral follicle. It was positive in some stromal cells and corpus luteum cells. In the ischemia-reperfusion group, there was an increase in the expression of sFlt-1 in the luteal cells of the corpus luteum and in the vascular endothelial and inflammatory cells. In the ischemiareperfusion + simvastatin-treated group, follicle cells and cells in the corpus luteum showed decreased sFlt-1 expression, whereas sFlt-1 expression was positive in vascular endothelial cells. CONCLUSION: We suggest that simvastatin administration could prevent cell damage by affecting proapoptosis activation. Simvastatin administration may induce the regulation of angiogenesis.