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Öğe Anadolu mandalarında vajinal bakteriyel ve fungal flora(Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2021) Sever, Nurdan Karacan; Özmen, Mehmet FeritVajinal mikrobiyal flora, genital sistemi infeksiyonlara karşı korumada önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada Anadolu mandalarının vajinal bakteriyel (aerobik veya fakültatif anaerobik) ve fungal florası araştırıldı. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Eğitim Araştırma ve Uygulama Çiftliği’nde daha önce çiftleşmemiş ve klinik olarak sağlıklı 14 Anadolu mandasından vajinal sıvap örnekleri toplandı. Bakteriyel ve fungal etkenlerin izolasyon ve identifikasyonları standart yöntemler kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., Escherichia spp. ve Citrobacter spp. cinslerine ait 59 suş izole edildi. En yaygın tür S. haemolyticus (%100)’ tu ve bunu E. casseliflavus (%92.86), E. faecium ve E. coli (%85.71), S. chromogenes (%57.14) ve C. farmeri (%14.29) izledi. Örneklerden fungal etken izole edilmedi. Sonuç olarak S. haemolyticus, E.casseliflavus, E. faecium ve E. coli’ nin Anadolu mandası vajinal mikroflorasının bir parçası olabileceği düşünüldü.Öğe Culture- and polymerase chain reaction-based detection of flavobacterium psychrophilum in naturally infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss Walbaum, 1792) from trout farms(Hasan ÖNDER, 2023) Özcan, Filiz; Arserim, Neval Berrin; Ketani, M. Aydın; Aydın, Kasım; Sever, Nurdan Karacan; Özcan, Nida; Çelik, Burçak AslanThe present study aimed to detect Flavobacterium psychrophilum in fish samples collected from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum 1792) farms in the Southeastern Anatolia region of Türkiye by means of bacteriological culture and polymerase chain reaction and to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility of the causative bacteria. A total of 40 trout farms located in Diyarbakır, Adıyaman, Şanlıurfa, and Batman provinces were visited, and 1200 samples were examined. During January and February 30 fish with an average live weight of 200–250 g were collected from each farm. Samples were obtained from the liver, spleen, kidneys, and tissues following macroscopic laboratory examination of the specimens. Antibiotic treatment is the treatment of choice owing to the lack of an effective vaccine in the control of the disease. Therefore, it is important to rapidly identify the bacterial species and investigate its susceptibility to antibiotics. In this study, the causative bacteria were detected in 5 out of 40 farms. The causative bacteria infected the liver, kidney, and tissues. The sensitivity of Enrofloxacin (5 microgram (µg)), Florfenicol (30µg), Neomycin (5µg), Amoxicillin (25µg), Oxytetracycline (30µg), Erythromycin (10µg), Gentamycin (5µg), Streptomycin (5µg) and Nalidixic acid (10µg) were defined at chancing ratios. In conclusion, these bacteria were detected in regional farms, which should minimize the stress factors by avoiding overstocking and following the required hygiene rules.Öğe Detection of Yersinia ruckeri in naturally infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) from trout farms in Anatolia, Turkey(Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, 2023) Özcan, Filiz; Arserim, Neval Berrin; Ketani, Muzaffer Aydın; Aydın, Kasım; Sever, Nurdan Karacan; Özcan, Nida; Çelik, Burçak AslanThe present study aimed to detect Yersinia ruckeri bacteria in fish samples collected from the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) farms in the South Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey through bacteriological culturing and polymerase chain reaction. Separate visits were made to trout farming facilities in Diyarbakır, Adıyaman, Şanlıurfa, and Batman in January and February 2021, and 30 fish with an average live weight of 200–250 g were collected from each facility. A total of 1,200 samples were taken from 40 trout farms. Liver, spleen, kidney, and tissue specimens were collected from rainbow trout. Yersinia ruckeri was isolated from the kidney, liver and muscle tissue of fish on McConkey Agar for bacteriological examinations. Isolated strains were identified by MALDI–TOF and PCR. It was detected the bacteria in the liver, kidney, and muscle tissue samples of fish from 23 out of 40 farms. In conclusion, these bacteria were detected in local farms. These farms must implement vaccination, minimize stress factors affecting the fish, and avoid overstocking. The best methods to protect against infection include avoiding overstocking, low oxygen levels, and underqualified labor force.Öğe Distribution of serotypes and antibiotic resistance of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from chickens(Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2022) Sever, Nurdan Karacan; Yapıcıer, Özlem Şahan; Akan, MehmetAvian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes systemic or localized infections with different clinical courses such as septicemia, air sac disease, polyserositis and coligranuloma. Colibacillosis causes significant economic losses in the poultry industry due to the need for the control of the disease by causing carcass contamination, decreased feed conversion rate, mortality in poultry. In this study, 99 E. coli strains were isolated from different production units in the same integration. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests of all strains were performed and thirty strains with multidrug resistance (MDR) in the different production units were serotyped. The highest resistance was observed against oxytetracycline, erythromycin amoxicillin and doxycycline. Multidrug resistance was observed at a rate of 81.81% (81/99). Among the 30 strains that could be serotyped, O78 and O125 were determined as the most prevalent serogroups with 43.3% (13/30) and 16.6% (5/30) rates, respectively, while O1, O8, O18, O142, O143, O157, O158, O164 and O169 were found as rare serogroups. O78 was determined as a high antibiotic resistant strain in isolated E. coli strains and a dominant serotype in the selected strains and this study demonstrated that a correlation can be between breeders and their progeny.Öğe Diyarbakır’da klinik olarak sağlıklı atlarda oküler bakteriyel ve fungal flora(2023) Çatalkaya, Emine; Sever, Nurdan KaracanOküler flora atın yaşadığı ortam, iklim, coğrafya vb. birçok etkenden etkilenebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacını Diyarbakır Hipodromunda yarış koşan ve hipodroma yakın çiftliklerde yarış koşmayan sağlıklı yarış atlarında bakteriyel ve fungal oküler florayı belirlemek ve belirlenen bakteri ve mantar türlerini tanımlamak amaçlandı. Çalışma grubunu değişik yaş ve cinsiyette Diyarbakır Hipodromunda bulunan yarış koşan 28 ve hipodrom yakınlarındaki çiftliklerde yarış koşmayan 28 safkan Arap ve İngiliz atına ait 112 sağlıklı göz oluşturdu. Sağlıklı gözlerin medial kantusundan steril swaplarla sürüntü alınarak soğuk zincirde Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarına ulaştırılarak konjunktival florada bulunan bakteri ve fungal etkenlerin izolasyonu ve identifikasyonu yapıldı. Hipodrom grubundaki atlarda bakteriyolojik üreme oranının %94.64, fungal üremenin ise %28.57 olduğu, çiftlik grubundaki atlarda bakteriyolojik üremenin %100, fungal üremenin ise %14.29 olduğu tespit edildi. Değerlendirilen konjunktival svap örneklerinin izole ve identifiye edilen bakterilerin hipodrom grubunda %87.79’unun Gram pozitif, %12.21’inin Gram negatif, çiftlik grubunda ise %82.56’sının Gram pozitif, %17.43’ünün de Gram negatif olduğu belirlendi. Her iki grupta da mikrofloranın büyük çoğunluğunu Staphylococcus spp. tarafından oluştuğu görüldü. Sonuç olarak, atlarda belirli aralıklarla konjunktival floranın belirlenmesinin olası bir kornea veya göz hasarında izlenecek tedavinin belirlenmesine yardımcı olacağı; ayrıca erken müdahale ile kornea hasarına bağlı görme kayıplarının önüne geçilebileceği düşünülmektedir.Öğe Presence of Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., and Listeria spp. in different animal species raw milk in Diyarbakır province(İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2023) Sever, Nurdan Karacan; Alp, Simten YeşilmenContamination of raw or unpasteurized milk with zoonotic pathogens can seriously affect public health. In this study, milk samples were collected from sheep/goat and bovine farms in Diyarbakır province engaged in home breeding to investigate the prevalence of pathogens in raw milk. A total of 253 raw milk samples from bulk milk tanks belonging to 58 cows, 72 buffaloes, 48 sheep, and 75 goats were analyzed by conventional and molecular methods. All milk samples were negative for Salmonella spp. through both methods. Campylobacter spp. could not be isolated, but the polymerase chain reaction analysis found that 26 (10.28%) of the milk samples were contaminated with Campylobacter spp. However, Campylobacter jejuni was not detected in any of the samples. The prevalence of Listeria spp. was 2.77%. Listeria spp. was detected in raw milk from cows, buffaloes, and goats, but not in milk from sheep. While Listeria monocytogenes was not detected in any of the milk samples analyzed, the isolated strains were defined as Listeria innocua, Listeria welshimeri, and Listeria grayi. It was concluded that compared to reports from other countries, the prevalence of pathogens was low. Still, raw milk consumption poses a potential risk to public health, more so, as some of the pathogenic bacteria can survive and multiply even at low temperatures.Öğe Prevalence of dermatophytes isolated from domestic animals in Ankara within a three-year period (2014-2017)(Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 2021) Sever, Nurdan Karacan; Üstün, Tuğçe; Omerovic, Mehmed; Önol, Mustafa; Zahiri, Amir Khazar; Doğan, BarışhanDermatophytosis is an infectious and zoonotic disease caused by species belonging to the genera Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton that affects the hair follicles, nails, and keratin layer of the epidermis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dermatophytosis in different animal species with clinical lesions. To this end, a total of 395 skin scraping and hair materials taken from cat, dog, horse, parrot, and calf with dermatophytosis suspicion that presented to the Department of Microbiology of the Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine between 2014 and 2017 in different seasons were investigated. A mycological analysis of the materials was conducted involving direct microscopy and a fungal culture test. Of the 395 materials tested, 117 (29.62%) were positive for dermatophytosis with the following distribution: Microsporum spp., 34 of 195 cats, 24 of 181 dogs, two of 11 horses; Trichophyton spp., 26 of 181 dogs, 25 of 195 cats, one of 11 horses, one of three calves, and two of five parrots; Epidermophyton spp. two of 195 cats. The dermatophyte isolation rate was relatively higher in the summer (36.06%) and spring (29.51%) for cats, and in fall (30%) and spring (26%) for dogs.
