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Öğe CONSERVATION AND CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE METHODS ON SELECTED SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND CORN (ZEA MAYS L.) YIELD AND QUALITY UNDER CROPPIN SYSTEM IN TURKEY(Scientific Issues Natl Centre Agrarian Sciences, 2010) Sessiz, A.; Alp, A.; Gursoy, S.SESSIZ, A., A. ALP and S. GURSOY, 2010. Conservation and conventional tillage methods on selected soil physical properties and corn (Zea mays L.) yield and quality under croppin system in Turkey. Bulg. I Agric. Sci., 16: 597-608 This study was conducted to determine the effects of conventional and conservation tillage on the some soil physical properties, penetration resistance (PR), seedling emergence rate, yield and yield components under southestern of Turkey conditions. The experiments were carried out at 2003 and 2004 years in a clay loam soil. Six different soil tillage methods in corn production were tested. The experiment was performed in randomized block design with six treatments and each treatment consists of three replications. No significant (p>0.05) treatment differences in seedling emergence were found between the tillage treatments for both years. Plant height was found significant between years while treatment effects were not significant. However, the highest plant height was obtained in 2004 under CT tillage method. The stalk thickness was found significant between years while treatment effects were not significant. The cob length was not found significant between years and treatments. The lowest cob length was obtained under NT method. It was found that yield was significantly (p<0.01) different between years. The yield in the second year was found to be higher than that of the first year. The highest yield was found in CT method as 678.00 kg/da and the lowest yield was found in RT4 method as 535.66 kg/ha in year 2003. The highest yield was found in CT method as 778.66 kg/da and the lowest yield was found in RT4 method as 642.33 kg/ha in year 2004. The highest fuel comsumption was obsorved as 33.48 Lha(-1) in conventional method (CT) whereas the lowest value was found in direct seeding method as 6.6 Lha(-1).Öğe Effects of ridge and conventional tillage systems on soil properties and cotton growth(Gorgan Univ Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources, 2011) Gursoy, S.; Sessiz, A.; Karademir, E.; Karademir, C.; Kolay, B.; Urgun, M.; Malhi, S. S.Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seeds are susceptible to low temperature and excess moisture in soil during seed emergence in years with high rainfall and low temperature in spring. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was carried out to evaluate effects of ridge tillage formed in autumn (RT-I), ridge tillage formed about a month before planting (RT-II) and flat conventional tillage (CT) cultivation systems on physical properties of soil and cotton growth. The RT-I and RT-II resulted in higher soil temperature and lower soil penetration resistance than CT at all depths. The RT-II gave highest emergence, earliest maturity and greatest seed cotton yield. In conclusion, ridge tillage formed a month before planting may be considered a good agronomic practice because it can provide favorable physical conditions in soil, while also improving growth and yield of cotton under weather conditions in spring in South East Anatolia Region of Turkey.Öğe Moisture-dependent physical properties of caper (Capparis ssp.) fruit(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2007) Sessiz, A.; Esgici, R.; Kizil, S.This study was carried out to determine the effect of moisture content on some physical properties of caper (Capparis ssp.) fruit. Four levels of moisture content ranging from 71.85% to 82.93% w.b. were considered in this study. The fruit length increased from 8.50 to 8.96 mm, width from 7.54 to 8.23 mm, its thickness from 5.67 to 6.90 mm, the geometric mean diameter from 7.13 to 7.96 mm, the sphericity from 0.83 to 0.89, the surface area from 1.59 to 2.00 cm(2), the one thousand fruit volume from 156 to 391 cm(3) and thousand of fruits mass from 143 to 273 g, increased, while the true density decreased from 916.66 to 598.2 kg m(-3), bulk density increased from 394.30 to 424.69 kg m(-3), the porosity decreased from 56.98% to 39.17% and the angle of repose increased from 14.84 to 18.05. The coefficients of static and kinetic friction slightly decreased with the increases in moisture content for all the materials. The highest static and kinetic coefficient of friction were observed on plywood surface, followed by metal sheet, galvanized steel sheet, and rubber materials. This is due to the properties of friction surfaces. This trend may be due to the smoother and more polished surface of galvanized steel and rubber materials compared to metal steel and plywood. The fruits stick more to the friction surfaces as water content decreases. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Short-term effects of tillage and residue management following cotton on grain yield and quality of wheat(Elsevier, 2010) Gursoy, S.; Sessiz, A.; Malhi, S. S.Grain yield and quality of winter wheat (Triticum durum L) are affected by several factors, and crop management has a very important role among them. A 3-year (from 2003-04 to 2005-06) field experiment under irrigation was carried out at Diyabakir in the South East Anatolia Region of Turkey to evaluate immediate effects of tillage and residue management systems after cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) on grain yield and quality [thousand grain weight (TGW), test weight (TW), protein content (PC) and mini sedimentation (mini SDS)] of durum wheat, and correlations among these parameters. A split plot design with three replications was used, in which two residue management treatments [collecting and removing cotton stalks from plots (S-Rem), and chopping and leaving of cotton stalks in plots (S-Lev)] were main plots, and six tillage and/or wheat planting method combination treatments [moldboard plough + cultivator + broadcast seeding + cultivator as conventional tillage-I (CT-I), moldboard plough + cultivator + drill as conventional tillage-II (CT-II), chisel plough + cultivator + drill as vertical tillage (VT), two passes of disk harrow + drill as reduced tillage-I (RT-I), rotary tiller + drill as reduced tillage-II (RT-II), and no-till ridge planting (RP)] were sub-plots. The effect of cotton residue management on grain yield, TW, PC, mini SDS was not significant, but S-Rem (51.21 g) gave significantly higher TGW than S-Lev (50.63 g). Tillage and/or wheat planting method combination treatments had a significant effect on grain yield. TGW and TW, but did not significantly influence PC and mini SDS. Conventional tillage with broadcast seeding (CT-I) treatment produced the lowest wheat grain yield (5.395 Mg ha(-1)), while there were no significant differences in grain yield among the other five tillage treatments (yields ranged from 5.671 to 5.819 Mg ha(-1)). In spite of supplemental irrigations, the variability of weather conditions, particularly the amount and distribution of rainfall during the growing season, had a significant influence on wheat grain yield and quality parameters (TGW, TW, PC, mini SDS). Grain yield had a significant positive correlation with TGW, but it did not show any relationship with other grain quality parameters. In conclusion, the findings suggest that conventional tillage with broadcast seeding would be less effective in producing grain yield of wheat compared to other five tillage treatments with row planting, while management of the previous cotton stalks may not have any effect on yield and quality of wheat except TGW. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Soybean threshing efficiency and power consumption for different concave materials(Farm Machinery Industrial Research Corp, 2007) Sessiz, A.; Koyuncu, T.; Pinar, Y.Soybean is one of the most slowly established crops in many developing countries. During recent years, greater interest has been given to the cultivation and mechanization of soybean. Particularly, soybean threshing is an important problem because of the product loss. Most of the trials for soybean threshing have been on the structure of beaters, although the type and structure of contrbeaters are as important as structure of beaters. This work designed and tested concaves made of different materials with respect to threshing efficiency, power requirement and specific power consumption at various feed rates and drum peripheral speeds. Regression equations have been established. The multiple regression technique was used to study the relationship among different variables, namely, concave type, feed rate and drum peripheral speed in relation to three dependent variables, namely, threshing efficiency, power requirement and specific power consumption. An experimental model of a soybean thresher without a cleaning and separating unit was developed. The threshing machine had a peg-tooth drum and was powered by a 4 kW electricity motor. Also, four concaves made of different materials were used for the trials. SA-88 soybean variety was used for the trials. The four concave types were PVC, rubber, chromium, and steel plate with three feed rates (360 kg/h, 720 kg/h, and 1,080 kg/h) and five beater peripheral speeds (7.95 m/s, 9.10 m/s, 10.54 m/s, 12.16 m/s, 14.66 m/s). Speed and feed rate were found to a have a significant effect (p < 0.01) on power requirement. The power requirement increased with increasing feed rate and drum peripheral speed. The specific power consumption decreased with increasing feed rate. Threshing efficiency decreased with increasing feed rate and increased drum peripheral velocity significantly improved the threshing efficiency. The highest threshing efficiency was achieved with the chromium type of contrbeater, followed by PVC, the sheet iron, and the rubber.
