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    CHANGES IN THE PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS IN WINE GRAPE VARIETIES DURING THE RIPENING PERIOD
    (Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2016) Ozdemir, Gultekin; Sogut, Akile Beren; Pirinccioglu, Mihdiye; Kizil, Goksel; Kizil, Murat
    The aim of this study was to determine phytochemical components of Tannat, Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec, Merlot and Shiraz wine grape varieties during the ripening period. As amounts of total phenolic compounds in different parts of the grape varieties, the highest total phenolic values for berry peel were found to be 300.58 mu g GAE/mg in Cabernet Sauvignon, 974.23 mu g GAE/mg in Malbec for pulp, 447.01 mu g GAE/mg in Merlot for seed. The total flavonoid content in peel, pulp and seeds of varieties were found to be varied between 46.95 mu g QUE/mg and 148.01 mu g QUE/mg. In conclusion, total bioactive compounds of the grape differed significantly based on variety and grape part. Since higher bioactive compounds were found in pulps for all grape varieties, grapes should be consumed as a whole grape. This study also showed that these grapes are a potential source of natural bioactive compounds. It can be concluded that selected grape varieties and their parts can be considered a good source of phenolic and antioxidants.
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    DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC AND FLAVONOID CONTENT OF BERRY SKIN, PULP AND SEED FRACTIONS OF OKUZGOZU AND BOGAZKERE GRAPE CULTIVARS
    (Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2017) Ozdemir, Gultekin; Pirinccioglu, Mihdiye; Kizil, Goksel; Kizil, Murat
    Grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) are believed to have health benefits due to their antioxidant activityand phenolic content. Thus, scientists have conducted research to explore their positive effects on many human diseases. The aim of this study was to determinetotal phenolic and flavonoid contents of berry pulp, seed and skin of Okuzgozu and Bogazkere red wine grape cultivars grown in Turkey. In conclusion, it was found that total phenolic (mu g GAE/mg) and flavonoid content in Okuzgozu and Bogazkere grape cultivars showed importantdifferences according to the berry skin, pulp, seed and research years. The highest phenolic content was found in Okuzgozu berry pulp 803.00 mu g GAE/mg in 2012 year. When the flavonoid amounts are compared, it has been determined that the total flavonoid amount varied from 5.08 mu g QUE/mg to 111.55 mu g QUE/mg. The highest flavonoid content was found in the Okuzgozu grape berry skin in 2011 year (111.55 mu g QUE/mg). This study showed that these grapes are a potential source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. It can be concluded that selected grape varieties and their parts can be considered a good source of phenolics.
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    Malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PCO) levels as biomarkers of oxidative stress in subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2010) Pirinccioglu, Ayfer Gozu; Gokalp, Deniz; Pirinccioglu, Mihdiye; Kizil, Goksel; Kizil, Murat
    Objective: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is clinically characterized by elevated total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in plasma, which has high risk for developing atherosclerosis. Increased oxidative stress (OS) and FH have been related to atherosclerosis. The study aims to evaluate oxidative stress in patients with hypercholesterolemia by measuring lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl (PCO) levels in these patients. PCO in these patients may provide a new diagnostic biomarker for oxidative damage in atherosclerosis. Design and method: Total cholesterol (Tc), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), lipoprotein(a) (Lp-a) levels and carotid intima-media thickness were measured to evaluate characteristics of patients (11 homozygous and 25 heterozygous) with FH. 25 age-gender-BMI matched healthy control subjects were included in the study for comparison. Results: MDA and PCO levels were significantly higher in homozygous patients compared with those of heterozygous and controls and it was found that they are positively correlated with LDL-c, Tc, Lp-a and IMT while negatively correlated with HDL-c. The heterozygous group also had significantly higher MDA and PCO levels compared with controls. Conclusion: The data obtained could be important for understanding the alterations presented by FH and could be related to their increased risk of developing atherosclerosis. To our knowledge, measurements of PCO in patients with FH are not recorded before and this may be used as a biomarker for protein oxidation, which may play a role in the increased cardiovascular risk of patients with FH. (C) 2010 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Protective effect of Okuzgozu (Vitis vinifera L. cv.) grape juice against carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress in rats
    (Royal Soc Chemistry, 2012) Pirinccioglu, Mihdiye; Kizil, Goksel; Kizil, Murat; Ozdemir, Gultekin; Kanay, Zeki; Ketani, M. Aydin
    The consumption of fruits plays an important role as a health protecting factor. Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) are believed to have health benefits due to their antioxidant activity. Okuzgozu is the largest among the grape varieties grown in Turkey. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) causes free radical generation in many tissues such as the liver, kidney, heart, lung, testis, brain and blood. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the only drug to treat primary biliary cirrhosis, but the effects remain controversial. The aim of the present study is to investigate the protective effect of Okuzgozu grape juice or UDCA against tissue damage induced by CCl4 in rats. The amount of total phenolics and flavonoids were found to be 1208.00 +/- 43.00 mu g ml(-1) as the gallic acid equivalent and 5.2 +/- 0.19 mu g ml(-1) as the quercitin equivalent in Okuzgozu grape juice, respectively. In vivo administration of CCl4 caused a significant increase of various biochemical parameters such as alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), total bilirubin (TB) and a decrease in albumin (ALB) levels in serum or an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the tissues when compared to a control. Administration of CCl4 along with Okuzgozu grape juice or ursodeoxycolic acid (UDCA) significantly reduces these changes. Histopathalogical studies also support the protective effect of the extract. This study demonstrates the protective activity of Okuzgozu grape juice and thus scientifically supports the usage of this fruit in various traditional medicines for the treatment of tissue disorders. The effect of Okuzgozu grape juice was comparable with that of UDCA.
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    PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF OKUZGOZU (VITIS VINIFERA L. CV.) SEED EXTRACT AGAINST HYDROXYL RADICAL INDUCED DNA DAMAGE
    (Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2017) Pirinccioglu, Mihdiye; Kizil, Goksel; Toptanci, Bircan Ceken; Ozdemir, Gultekin; Kizil, Murat
    Grape is one of the most commonly consumed fruits in the world. It has various biological functions, due to its potential of rich polyphenol ingredients, most of which are contained in its seeds (70%) and skin (30%). The aim of this study was to investigate the protective role of Okuzgozu cv. grape seed extracts against hydroxyl radical that induced oxidative DNA damage. The results revealed that the presence of various concentrations of grape seed extract in the reaction mixture significantly inhibited DNA damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In conclusion, the results demonstrated that Okuzgozu cv. grape seed extracts protected DNA against hydroxyl radical that induced oxidative damage and the extract could be used as a valuable food supplement or a nutraceutical product.
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    The protective role of pomegranate juice against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in rats
    (Sage Publications Inc, 2014) Pirinccioglu, Mihdiye; Kizil, Goksel; Kizil, Murat; Kanay, Zeki; Ketani, Aydin
    Most pomegranate (Punica granatum Linn., Punicaceae) fruit parts are known to possess enormous antioxidant activity. The present study was carried out to determine the phenolic and flavonoid contents of Derik pomegranate juice and determine its effect against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced toxicity in rats. Animals were divided into four groups (n=6): group I: control, group II: CCl4 (1ml/kg), group III: CCl4+pomegranate juice and group IV: CCl4+ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Treatment duration was 4weeks, and the dose of CCl4 was administered once a week to groups II, III and IV during the experimental period. CCl4-treated rats caused a significant increase in serum enzyme levels, such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin, and decrease in albumin, when compared with control. Administration of CCl4 along with pomegranate juice or UDCA significantly reduces these changes. Analysis of lipid peroxide (LPO) levels by thiobarbutiric acid reaction showed a significant increase in liver, kidney and brain tissues of CCl4-treated rats. However, both pomegranate juice and UDCA prevented the increase in LPO level. Histopathological reports also revealed that there is a regenerative activity in the liver and kidney cells. Derik pomegranate juice showed to be hepatoprotective against CCl4-induced hepatic injury. In conclusion, present study reveals a biological evidence that supports the use of pomegranate juice in the treatment of chemical-induced hepatotoxicity.