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Öğe Bacillus subtilis'in α-Amilaz üretimi üzerine nişastanın etkileri ve mikrodalganın mikroorganizmalar üzerine olan etkilerinin incelenmesi(2018) Otludil, Birol; Ensari, YavuzBakterial a-amilaz bir çok ticari alanda kullanılan bir enzimdir. Çalışmalarımızın ilk bölümünde Bacillus subtilisten a-amilaz 4 aşamalı bir saflaştırma prosedürü ile saflaştırıldı. Ayrıca Bacillus subtil is' in amilaz üretimi üzerine nişastanın etkileri incelenmeye çalışıldı. Saflaştırılan enzimlerin aktiviteleri ve miktarları kontrol edilerek optimal nişasta konsantrasyonu tespit edilmeye çalışıldı. Çalışmamızın diğer bir bölümünde mikrodalganın bakteriler üzerine olan etkileri incelendi. Bakterilerde DNA miktarı ve protein miktarı azalırken, RNA ve plazmid miktarında bir artış tesbit edildi. Özellikle plazmid miktarındaki artış kloramfenikol amplifikasyonu ile karşılaştırılarak sonuçlar değerlendirildi. 1.2 SUMMARY Bacterial a-amylase was an enzyme that used in many commercial fields. In the first part of this study, a-amylase of B.subtilis was purified by four purification steps. In addition, It has been intend to examine the effect of starch on the production of a-amylase of B.subtilis. The optimal starch concentration was determined by controlling the activity and amount of purified amylase. In another part of this study, Effect of microwave on bacteria was examined. The amount of DNA and protein decreased, and the amount of plasmid and RNA increased in bacteria after microwave treatments. Particularly, the increase in the amount of plasmid was compared with chloramphenicol amplification and the obtained results are interpreted.Öğe The effect of microwave on plasmids amplification and cell differentiation in bacillus subtilis(2005) Otludil, Birol; Tolan, Veysel; Otludil, Birgül Agüloğlu; Demir, R.; 0000-0002-3809-5987This study was carried out to investigate plasmid amplification and other differentiation by microwave irradiation (1 mV/cm2) and chloramphenicol treatment (170 ?g/ml) in Bacillus subtilis. The effect of microwave on B.subtilis was observed and the amounts of DNA, RNA, protein and plasmid were determined during the experiments. The data obtained were evaluated statistically and the variability of the amounts of DNA, Protein, RNA, Growth and plasmid exposed to microwave were less than those treated with chloramphenicol and these amounts significantly differ between microwave and chloramphenicol. Microwave exposure induces any broken fragment and the amounts of plasmids increased.Öğe The effect of microwave on the cellular differentiation bacillus subtilis yb 886 and rec derivatives yb 886 a4(2004) Otludil, Birol; Otludil, Birgül; Tolan, Veysel; Akbayın, HasanThis study was carried out to investigate effects of microwave irradiation on cell differentiation and SOS repair system in Bacillus subtilis rec+ YB 886 and rec derivatives YB 886 rec A4. Amount of a specific protein that shynthesed during DNA damage by SOS repair system and binding to din C promoter region increased by microwave irradiation in rec+ bacteria. More increasing were determined in amount of the specific protein during Ultraviolet treatment. If amount of DNA, protein and RNA are taken into consideration, it has observed that amount of DNA decreased (P>0.05) but not statically significant, amount of protein decreased (p<0.05) and a little increasing, (P>0.05) in amount of RNA may be due to structural deformation.Öğe The effects of amino acids on production and transport of α-amylase through bacterial membranes(Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2000) Agüloǧlu, Sema; Ensari, N. Yavuz; Uyar, Fikret; Otludil, Birol; 0000-0002-3809-5987Bacillus subtilis was grown in media containing various amino acids. The effects of these aminoacids on the production of secreted alpha-amylase and membrane-bound alpha-amylase were investigated. Their effects on the transport of alpha-amylase through membranes were also determined. The synthesis rate of alpha-amylase isolated from bacterial membranes was stimulated by growth in media separately containing Ala and Arg, all other amino acids being inhibitory. Cys, Arg and Leu increased the transport of alpha-amylase through the membrane, while Ala, Asp and Ser inhibited it. Secreted alpha-amylase activity was appreciably stimulated by Ala, Arg, Gin, Gly, Leu, Phe, Pro, and especially Cys while it was repressed by Asp, Asn, Glu, Lys, Met, Ser, Thr and Trp.Öğe The effects on extracellular and membrane in amylase production of the tetradentate schiff base, its mn(ii), ni(ii), cu(ii) and zn(ii) complexes and metal ions in bacillus subtilis(2005) Otludil, Birol; Otludil, Birgül Agüloğlu; Demir, R.; Tolan, Veysel; Temel, Hamdi; 0000-0001-9225-7425Bacillus subtilis was grown in mediums containing various schiff base (N, N'-Bis(salicylidene)-l,4-diaminobutane) that include transition metal complexes and metal ions. The effects of these substances on the production of secreted amylase, membrane bound amylase as well as the transport of amylase and bacterial growth were investigated. The results revelaed that the synthesis rate of amylase isolated from bacterial membranes was stimulated by growth mediums separately contains Mn(II) and Zn(II)complexes. In addition, Zn(II) complexes increased the transport amylase through the membrane, while Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes inhibited it.Öğe Genotoxic assessments of Tigris river surface water with Salmonella mutagenicity and SOS-chromotests(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2007) Tolan, Veysel; Otludil, BirolTwo in vitro tests (Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test and SOS chromotest), one for bacterial mutagenicity and one for primary DNA damage, were assayed to determine the genotoxic activity of surface water of Tigris river. In the Salmonella test, all water samples, presence and absence of S9 mix, showed mutagenic activity on Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100. All samples tested with the SOS-chromotest were not found to induce primary DNA damage in E. coli PQ37. For each sample, the sensitivity of the tests indicated that SOS-chromotest is less sensitive than Salmonella assay.Öğe An LC-MS/MS method validation for the phytochemical quantification of four edible plants(Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2018) Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Çakır, Oğuz; Arıca, Enes; Yener, İsmail; Otludil, Birol; Alma, Mehmet Hakkı; Ertaş, AbdulselamA comprehensive LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the quantification of eight plant phytochemicals (cynarin, caffeic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, o-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid) in plants. The developed analytical method was fully validated in terms of linearity, accuracy (recovery), inter and intra-day precision (repeatability), limits of detection and quantification (LOD/LOQ) and relative standard uncertainty (U% at 95% confidence level (k=2)). Chromatographic separation was performed on a reverse phased UHPLC. MS detection was performed using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer and negative or positive ionization modes were optimized for each analyte. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used to quantify the analytes, related molecular ions and transition ions were optimized. After method validation, the phytochemical composition of methanolic extracts of some edible plants including artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.), broccoli (Brassica Oleracea var. Italica), cauliflower (Brassica Oleracea var. Botrytis) and tumble thistle (Gundelia Tournefortii) were investigated by the developed and validated LC-MS/MS method. Among the analysed plants, artichoke was by far the richest one in terms of phenolics. Additionally, chlorogenic acid was the most abundant phenolic compound in all plants. Although the studied edible plants were chosen as real samples, the developed LC-MS/MS method is applicable to a wide range of species in plant kingdom.Öğe Mutagenicity of Hypericum lysimachioides extracts(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2009) Tolan, Veysel; Toker, Zuhal; Ozdemir, Sadin; Demirci, Oezlem; Otludil, Birol; Oezen, Hasan C.Hypericum (Hypericaceae) species are extensively used in several fields such as traditional medicine, food and crop protection. Despite its usage in many fields, the identification of the genotoxic potential of this herb is still incomplete. In this study, we evaluated genotoxic effects of the petroleum ether, hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extract of Hypericum lysimachioides Boiss. var. lysimachioides by Ames Salmonella/microsome test and SOS chromotest. The mutagenic activity of Hypericum lysimachioides var. lysimachioides extracts was investigated by using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA 100 and also the SOS chromotest with Escherichia coli PQ37 strain, with or without S9 metabolic activation. In this initial report we demonstrated that all extracts of H. lysimachioides var. lysimachioides showed significant mutagenic activity on both strains of Salmonella either with or without S9 mixture. No mutagenicity was found in the SOS chromotest either with or without S9 mixture. These results indicate a significant mutagenicity of the petroleum ether, hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Hypericum lysimachioides var. lysimachioides in vitro. It can be suggested that quercetin and flavonol or their synergistic effects may be main mutagenic agents in the photopharmaceuticals Hypericum lysimachioides var. lysimachioides extract.Öğe Ployphenol oxidase activity during rooting in cuttings of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties(2003) Taskın, Tuncer; Yılmaz, Hayrullah; Otludil, BirolFarklı asma (Vitis vinifera 1. cvs. Muscat, Cardinal ve Perlelte) çeliklerinde koklenme sırasındaki polifenol oksidaz (PPO) aktivitesi incelenmiş ve enzim aktivitesi ile koklenme yeteneği arasındaki ilişki karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Muscat ve Perlelte çeliklerinde koklenme oluşurken, Cardinal çeliklerinde oluşmadı. Muscat ve Perlelte çeliklerinin PPO aktivitesinde başlangıçtan itibaren artış görülmüş ve köklenmeyle birlikte azalma görülmüştür. Cardinal çeliklerinde ise PPO aktivitesi sürekli artmaya devam etmiştir. Sonuç olarak, çeliklerin PPO aktivitesi ile koklenme yeteneği arasında belirgin bir ilişki bulunamamıştır.
